scholarly journals Platelet-rich fibrin to manage different periodontal defects combine with Flap surgery and other uses in dentistry. A descriptive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Md Ashif Iqbal ◽  
Marjana Hossain Mim ◽  
Nayna Binte Shahabuddin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Flap Surgery ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Socket Healing ◽  
Early Healing

In these days, periodontal diseases are very much common in Asian subcontinent especially in Bangladesh, due to some relevant factors that is more prevalent in this country. Most of the time patient neglect their condition and ultimately loss their teeth. Even after doing phase 1 therapy that is scaling, polishing with antimicrobial agents, it could not heal the periodontal condition with advanced bone destruction or clinical attachment loss. Therefore, after proper oral hygiene maintenance therapy, different flap surgery should consider. . In recent study, it is found that platelet rich fibrin (PRF) PREPARED From the patient’s Own blood and then placement within defect could enhance the early healing procedure. This PRF membrane is also used in a variety of discipline in dentistry, including regenerative surgery. This PRF membrane is now used in a variety of disciplines in dentistry, including regenerative surgery and enhancing early healing. The goal of this study is to critically analyze and appraise the currently available research with an emphasis on the use of PRF in regenerative periodontal surgery.  An electronic search was conducted (PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, BanglaJOL, Cochrane library). Various combinations of the following keywords were used: ‘prf’, ‘prf membrane’, ‘periodontal regenerative surgery’, ‘prf in dentistry’, ‘systemic diseases and periodontitis’, ‘drawback of prf’, ‘platelet-derived growth factors’, ‘prf in oms’, ‘prf in orthodontics’. Articles were searched until August 2021 All of these studies reveal that the PRF membrane enhances the healing of various defects in a variety of periodontal diseases and in several fields of dentistry. Studies are going on pulp regeneration and socket healing after extraction with PRF in dentistry. More emphasis should have to give to the prevention of periodontal diseases as well as more concern should have to give on PRF with flap surgery to enhance healing and improve the social health of the general population by preventing tooth loss and for different research purposes on PRF in different other fields of dentistry in Bangladesh. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11(2): 43-51

scholarly journals Is the use of contraceptives associated with periodontal diseases? A systematic review and meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaele Maria Lopes Castro ◽  
Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira ◽  
Iasmin Encaua Essashika Prazeres ◽  
Paula Beatriz de Oliveira Nunes ◽  
Marcela Baraúna Magno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Previous studies indicated an impact of hormonal contraceptive use on oral health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence supporting the impact of the use of hormonal contraceptives and periodontal diseases. Methods This study is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and based on the PECO acrostic. Inclusion criteria comprised observational studies including women (P), which evaluated hormonal contraceptive users (E) and hormonal contraceptive non-users (C), to verify the association between this hormonal therapy and the periodontal diseases (O). Searches were performed on 5 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS and grey literature (OpenGrey and Google Scholar). After the selection process, the included studies were evaluated qualitatively. Moreover, quantitative data were analyzed in two meta-analyses for clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD). Finally, the level of certainty was measured with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) tool between periodontal clinical parameters. Results 18 articles were eligible for the qualitative synthesis and 7 of them were selected for quantitative analysis. Hence, 15 of the eligible articles reported an association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and severity of periodontal disease. However, 6 articles demonstrated high risk of bias and were excluded from quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference for CAL (MD 0.24 [0.09, 0.40]; p = 0.002), but in PD (MD 0.05 [− 0.05, 0.15]; p = 0.33) such difference was not identified. A very low level of evidence was found between the clinical parameters. Conclusions The use of hormonal contraceptives may be associated to severity of periodontal diseases. However, the quantitative analysis points to an inconclusive outcome due to the high level of heterogeneity. The association is biologically plausible, however additional studies are warranted to better elucidate the clinical significance of this possible association.

scholarly journals The osseointegration and stability of dental implants with different surface treatments in animal models: a network meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ping Hao ◽  
Nan-Jue Cao ◽  
Yu-He Zhu ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Early Healing

AbstractDental implants are commonly used to repair missing teeth. The implant surface plays a critical role in promoting osseointegration and implant success. However, little information is available about which implant surface treatment technology best promotes osseointegration and implant stability. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to evaluate the osseointegration and stability of four commonly used dental implants (SLA, SLActive, TiUnite, and Osseotite). The protocol of the current meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) under the code CRD42020190907 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk). We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA and Cochrane Recommendations. Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of Science databases were searched. Only randomized controlled trials were considered. Twelve studies were included in the current network meta-analysis, eleven studies were included concerning the osseointegration effect and five studies were included for stability analysis (four studies were used to assess both stability and osseointegration). Rank possibility shows that the SLActive surface best promoted bone formation at an early healing stage and TiUnite seemed to be the best surface for overall osseointegration. For stability, TiUnite seemed to be the best surface. The present network meta-analysis showed that the SLActive surface has the potential to promote osseointegration at an early stage. The TiUnite surface had the best effect on osseointegration regarding the overall healing period. The TiUnite surface also had the best effect in stability.

Decreasing Cariogenic Bacteria with a Natural, Alternative Prevention Therapy utilizing Phytochemistry (Plant Extracts)

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ramakrishna ◽  
H Goda ◽  
MS Baliga ◽  
AK Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Traditional Medicines

The association between the oral microbiota and oral diseases is well established. Various antimicrobial agents including antibiotics are commercially available against oral pathogenic bacteria. For the reasons of antibiotic resistance, their adverse effects and financial considerations in the developing countries, there is a need for alternate preventive and curative treatment options that are also safe, effective and economical. Traditional medicines have been used since ancient times for the treatment of oral diseases including dental caries, periodontal diseases that affect the majority of the population and can affect a person's overall health. Natural phytochemicals are certain organic components isolated from plants and some of these extracts are considered to be beneficial to health. They serve as antioxidants, enhance immune response,provide protection against oral cancer and other diseases and also repair DNA damage caused by smoking and other toxic exposure, and detoxify carcinogens. The natural products derived from medicinal plants have proven to be an abundant source of biologically active compounds, many of which have been the basis for the development of new lead chemicals for pharmaceuticals.They are considered to be good alternatives to synthetic chemicals. This article presents a review of natural alternatives derived from plants and plant products that can serve as a prevention and treatment option against cariogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Association between Candida species and periodontal disease: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Suresh Unniachan ◽  
Nisha Krishnavilasom Jayakumari ◽  
Shruthi Sethuraman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Supporting Structures

Periodontal diseases result in the inflammation of the supporting structures of the teeth, thereby leading to attachment loss and bone loss. One of the main etiological factors responsible for this condition is the presence of subgingival biofilms, comprising microorganisms, namely bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Candida species is one of the fungi reported to be found in periodontal disease which is suggestive of the presence of an association between these variables. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association of Candida species with periodontal disease and determine the prevalence of these species in the patients affected with this disease. The articles related to the subject of interest were searched in several databases, including the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The search process was accomplished using three keywords, namely ‘‘Candida species’’, ‘‘Chronic periodontitis’’, and ‘‘Gingivitis’’. All the identified studies were comprehensively evaluated for the association of Candida species with periodontal disease. This systematic review included 23 articles, which assessed the prevalence of Candida species in periodontal diseases. The results of 21 studies were indicative of a positive association between Candida species and periodontal diseases. Accordingly, it was concluded that there is a strong association between the presence of Candida species and periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Nervous and Muscular Adverse Events after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Chen ◽  
Yuangui Cai ◽  
Yicong Chen ◽  
Anthony P. Williams ◽  
Yifang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Label

Background: Nervous and muscular adverse events (NMAEs) have garnered considerable attention after the vaccination against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the incidences of NMAEs remain unclear. We aimed to calculate the pooled event rate of NMAEs after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on the incidences of NMAEs after COVID-19 vaccination was conducted. The PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched from inception to 2 June 2021. Two independent reviewers selected the study and extracted the data. Categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and generated with random or fixed effects models. The protocol of the present study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021240450). Results: In 15 phase 1/2 trials, NMAEs occurred in 29.2% vs. 21.6% (p < 0.001) vaccinated participants and controls. Headache and myalgia accounted for 98.2% and 97.7%, and their incidences were 16.4% vs. 13.9% (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.28–3.06, p = 0.002) and 16.0% vs. 7.9% (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 2.05–5.35, p < 0.001) in the vaccine and control groups, respectively. Headache and myalgia were more frequent in the newly licensed vaccines (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.28–3.06, p = 0.02 and OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 2.05–5.35, p < 0.001) and younger adults (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.12–1.75, p = 0.003 and OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.20–1.96, p < 0.001). In four open-label trials, the incidences of headache, myalgia, and unsolicited NMAEs were 38.7%, 27.4%, and 1.5%. Following vaccination in phase 3 trials, headache and myalgia were still common with a rate of 29.5% and 19.2%, although the unsolicited NMAEs with incidence rates of ≤ 0.7% were not different from the control group in each study. Conclusions: Following the vaccination, NMAEs are common of which headache and myalgia comprised a considerable measure, although life-threatening unsolicited events are rare. NMAEs should be continuously monitored during the ongoing global COVID-19 vaccination program.

Gold Standards in Periodontics: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar Koirala ◽  
Shaili Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Loss Cone ◽  
Ridge Augmentation ◽  
Periodontal Debridement ◽  
Gold Standards

The field of dentistry has evolved where people expect the best oral health care from specialists. Periodontics is that specialty of dentistry which deals with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Almost half of the world's population is suffering from periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is the sixth most common chronic diseases in the world and along with dental caries, the most common cause of tooth loss. Through the effort of various professional organisations and research, various reliable products and treatment modalities have been developed. A gold standard is a benchmark which has been thoroughly tested and has reputation as a reliable modality. Some of established gold standards in periodontics include: periodontal probing, measurement of clinical attachment loss, bone loss, cone beam computed tomography, quantitative polymerase chain reaction tests, biopsies as investigative techniques; periodontal debridement, subepithelial connective tissue graft for recession coverage, lasers, autogenous bone in alveolar ridge augmentation prior to oral implantation, dental implant as reconstruction of missing dentition, and chlorhexidine mouth wash as treatment options. The objective of the review is to provide critical evaluation of the data available from existing studies in Periodontics which can help identify potential research areas to explore.  

scholarly journals Concentrated Growth Factors vs. Leukocyte-and-Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Enhancing Postextraction Socket Healing. A Longitudinal Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8256
Author(s):  
Marco Mozzati ◽  
Giorgia Gallesio ◽  
Margherita Tumedei ◽  
Massimo Del Fabbro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postoperative Symptoms ◽  
Concentrated Growth Factors ◽  
Socket Healing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tooth Extractions

Platelet concentrates (PCs) have been used for over 20 years in dentistry, as an adjunct to oral surgery procedures, to improve hard and soft tissue healing and control postoperative symptoms. Among various PCs, Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) has become very popular due to its excellent cost-effectiveness ratio, and to the simple preparation protocol, but comparative clinical studies with other PCs are lacking. The aim of this split-mouth cohort study was to evaluate the effect of Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF), a recently introduced PC, as compared to L-PRF for enhancing post-extraction socket healing. Methods: Patients in need of bilateral tooth extractions were included. Each side was treated with either CGF or L-PRF. Pain, socket closure and healing index were the main outcomes. Results: Forty-five patients (24 women), aged 60.52 ± 11.75 years (range 37–87 years) were treated. No significant difference in outcomes was found, except for Pain at day 1 (p < 0.001) and socket closure in the vestibulo-palatal/lingual dimension at day 7 post-extraction (p = 0.04), both in favor of CGF. Conclusions: based on the present results, CGF proved to be as effective and safe as L-PRF, representing a valid alternative option for improving alveolar socket healing and reducing postoperative discomfort.

scholarly journals Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Grade 2 Furcation Defects: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Francesco Tarallo ◽  
Leonardo Mancini ◽  
Luciano Pitzurra ◽  
Sergio Bizzarro ◽  
Michele Tepedino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Furcation Defects ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

In periodontitis patients, furcation defects are crucial sites to regenerate due to their complex anatomy. Various modern surgical techniques and use of biomaterials have been suggested in the literature. Among all, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has potential in tissue regeneration thanks to its role in the release of growth factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of the addition of PRF to open flap debridement (OFD) or as an adjuvant to other biomaterials such as bone grafts in the treatment of grade 2 mandibular furcation defects. Systematic research was carried out on the databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020167662). According to the PICO guidelines by Cochrane, randomized trials and prospective non-randomized trials were evaluated, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. The inclusion criteria were the absence of systemic diseases, non-smoking patients, and a population aged from 18 to 65 years. Vertical pocket probing depth (PPD), vertical clinical attachment level (VCAL), and gingival recession (REC) were the primary outcomes. Vertical furcation depth (VFD), and the percentage of bone defect fill (%v-BDF) were considered as secondary outcomes. A meta-analysis of the primary and secondary outcomes was performed. Publication bias was assessed through a funnel plot. Eighty-four articles were initially extracted. Eight randomized clinical trials were analyzed according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The Quality assessment instrument (QAI) revealed four articles at low risk of bias, one at moderate, and three at high risk of bias. The metanalysis showed significant data regarding PPD, VCAL, VFD and %v-BDF in the comparison between PRF + OFD vs. OFD alone. The adjunct of PRF to a bone graft showed a significant difference for VCAL and a not statistically significant result for the other involved parameters. In conclusion, the adjunctive use of PRF to OFD seems to enhance the periodontal regeneration in the treatment of grade 2 furcation defects. The combination of PRF and bone graft did not show better clinical results, except for VCAL, although the amount of literature with low risk of bias is scarce. Further well-designed studies to evaluate the combination of these two materials are therefore needed.

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