Decreasing Cariogenic Bacteria with a Natural, Alternative Prevention Therapy utilizing Phytochemistry (Plant Extracts)

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ramakrishna ◽  
H Goda ◽  
MS Baliga ◽  
AK Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Traditional Medicines

The association between the oral microbiota and oral diseases is well established. Various antimicrobial agents including antibiotics are commercially available against oral pathogenic bacteria. For the reasons of antibiotic resistance, their adverse effects and financial considerations in the developing countries, there is a need for alternate preventive and curative treatment options that are also safe, effective and economical. Traditional medicines have been used since ancient times for the treatment of oral diseases including dental caries, periodontal diseases that affect the majority of the population and can affect a person's overall health. Natural phytochemicals are certain organic components isolated from plants and some of these extracts are considered to be beneficial to health. They serve as antioxidants, enhance immune response,provide protection against oral cancer and other diseases and also repair DNA damage caused by smoking and other toxic exposure, and detoxify carcinogens. The natural products derived from medicinal plants have proven to be an abundant source of biologically active compounds, many of which have been the basis for the development of new lead chemicals for pharmaceuticals.They are considered to be good alternatives to synthetic chemicals. This article presents a review of natural alternatives derived from plants and plant products that can serve as a prevention and treatment option against cariogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibacterial agent-releasing scaffolds in dental tissue engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Zahra Gholami ◽  
Shirin Hasanpour ◽  
Samira Sadigh ◽  
Sana Johari ◽  
Zahra Shahveghar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Dental Tissue Engineering

It seems quite challenging in tissue engineering to synthesize a base material with a range of essential activities, including biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and antimicrobial activities. Various types of materials are synthesized to solve the problem. This study aimed to provide the latest relevant information for practitioners about antibacterial scaffolds in dental tissue engineering. The PubMed search engine was used to review the relevant studies with a combination of the following terms as search queries: tissue engineering, scaffolds, antimicrobial, dentistry, dental stem cells, and oral diseases. It is noteworthy to state that only the terms related to tissue engineering in dentistry were considered. The antimicrobial scaffolds support the local tissue regeneration and prevent adverse inflammatory reactions; however, not all scaffolds have such positive characteristics. To resolve this potential defect, different antimicrobial agents are used during the synthesis process. Innovative methods in guided tissue engineering are actively working towards new ways to control oral and periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Products with Activity against Oral Bacteria: Potential Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo A. Palombo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Oral diseases are major health problems with dental caries and periodontal diseases among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Oral health influences the general quality of life and poor oral health is linked to chronic conditions and systemic diseases. The association between oral diseases and the oral microbiota is well established. Of the more than 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity, a number are implicated in oral diseases. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis,Actinobacillus,PrevotellaandFusobacterium). Given the incidence of oral disease, increased resistance by bacteria to antibiotics, adverse affects of some antibacterial agents currently used in dentistry and financial considerations in developing countries, there is a need for alternative prevention and treatment options that are safe, effective and economical. While several agents are commercially available, these chemicals can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicines are considered as good alternatives. In this review, plant extracts or phytochemicals that inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, reduce the development of biofilms and dental plaque, influence the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and reduce the symptoms of oral diseases will be discussed further. Clinical studies that have investigated the safety and efficacy of such plant-derived medicines will also be described.

scholarly journals Antioxidant-Rich Natural Raw Materials in the Prevention and Treatment of Selected Oral Cavity and Periodontal Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1848
Author(s):  
Jolanta Pytko-Polończyk ◽  
Magdalena Stawarz-Janeczek ◽  
Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Materials Used

Antioxidant-rich natural raw materials have been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in naturotherapy, which is a practice of using products with a natural origin. Natural products can be effective in the treatment and prevention of oral and dental diseases, among others. Such raw materials used in dentistry are characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antiedematous, astringent, anticoagulant, dehydrating, vitaminizing, and—above all—regenerative properties. Reports have shown that a relationship exists between oral diseases and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota colonizing the oral cavity. This review aimed to analyze the studies focusing on the microbiome colonizing the oral cavity in the context of using natural raw materials especially herbs, plant extracts, and isolated biologically active compounds as agents in the prevention and treatment of oral and periodontal diseases such as dental caries as well as mucosal changes associated with salivary secretion disorder. The present work discusses selected plant ingredients exhibiting an antioxidant activity with potential for the treatment of selected oral cavity and periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Can Plant Materials Be Valuable in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases? Practical Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2185
Author(s):  
Anna Gościniak ◽  
Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska ◽  
Agnieszka Skotnicka ◽  
Marek A. Ruchała ◽  
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Periodontal diseases are one of the most significant challenges in dental health. It is estimated that only a few percent of the worldwide population have entirely healthy teeth, and according to WHO, oral diseases may affect up to 3.5 billion people worldwide. One of the most serious oral diseases is periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, caused by pathogenic bacteria and environmental factors such as the ageing population, abuse of tobacco products, and lack of adequate oral hygiene due low public awareness. Plant materials are widely and successfully used in the management of many conditions, including periodontitis. Plant materials for periodontitis exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and affect the periodontium structure. Numerous studies demonstrate the advantages of phytotherapy for periodontitis relief and indicate the usefulness of Baikal skullcap root, Pomegranate fruit peel and root cortex, Tea leaves, Chamomile flowers, Magnolia bark, Blackberry leaves and fruits, Cranberry fruits and Lippia sidoides essential oil. This review aims to analyze the use and applicability of selected plant materials in periodontitis management since it is of paramount importance to evaluate the evidence of the traditionally used plant materials in light of continuously growing interest in phytotherapy and its adjuvant role in the treatment of periodontitis.

scholarly journals Bacterium-Derived Cell-Penetrating Peptides Deliver Gentamicin To Kill Intracellular Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gomarasca ◽  
Thaynan F. C. Martins ◽  
Lilo Greune ◽  
Philip R. Hardwidge ◽  
M. Alexander Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Penetrating ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

ABSTRACT Commonly used antimicrobials show poor cellular uptake and often have limited access to intracellular targets, resulting in low antimicrobial activity against intracellular pathogens. An efficient delivery system to transport these drugs to the intracellular site of action is needed. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) mediate the internalization of biologically active molecules into the cytoplasm. Here, we characterized two CPPs, α1H and α2H, derived from the Yersinia enterocolitica YopM effector protein. These CPPs, as well as Tat (trans-activator of transcription) from HIV-1, were used to deliver the antibiotic gentamicin to target intracellular bacteria. The YopM-derived CPPs penetrated different endothelial and epithelial cells to the same extent as Tat. CPPs were covalently conjugated to gentamicin, and CPP-gentamicin conjugates were used to target infected cells to kill multiple intracellular Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli K1, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri. Taken together, CPPs show great potential as delivery vehicles for antimicrobial agents and may contribute to the generation of new therapeutic tools to treat infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens.

Substituted zinc phthalocyanine as an antimicrobial photosensitizer for periodontitis treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincan Chen ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Yuqian Zheng ◽  
Shanyong Zhou ◽  
Jundong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

In the last decades the worldwide rise in antibiotic resistance has intensified the development of new antimicrobial agents. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has been used successfully to inactivate bacteria. We herein report a new zinc phthalocyanine based photosensitizer conjugated with polylysine moiety ( ZnPc-PL ). This photosensitizer significantly inactivated Porphyromonas gingivalis, the primary pathogenic bacteria responsible for periodontitis. No obvious phototoxicity was found to either mammalian bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) or human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC), indicating the high selectivity of ZnPc -PL toward bacteria. Furthermore, we established an experimental periodontitis model on beagle dogs to test the antimicrobial efficacy in vivo. The amount of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the activity of crevicular fluid aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were monitored and were found to reduce significantly in the ZnPc-PL treated group compared to the controls (laser only and no treatment). In addition, PACT with ZnPc -PL caused a reduction in the bacterial burden by 100-fold compared to controls. Taken together, these findings suggest ZnPc-PL is a promising antimicrobial photosensitizer for the treatment of periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals The Influence of Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Bacterial Biofilms in the Human Oral Cavity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
Ilona Rowińska ◽  
Adrianna Szyperska-Ślaska ◽  
Piotr Zariczny ◽  
Robert Pasławski ◽  
Karol Kramkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases

The article is a concise compendium of knowledge on the etiology of pathogenic microorganisms of all complexes causing oral diseases. The influence of particular components of the diet and the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases were described. The study investigated the bacteriostatic effect of the diet of adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on the formation of bacterial biofilms living in the subgingival plaque, causing diseases called periodontitis. If left untreated, periodontitis can damage the gums and alveolar bones. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are bacteria of all complexes, including the red complex. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using a specific diet in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases-already treated as a disease of civilization. The quoted article is an innovative compilation of knowledge on this subject and it can be a valuable source of knowledge for professional hygienists, dentists, peridontologists, dentistry students and anyone who cares about proper oral hygiene. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using this type of diet in the prophylaxis of the oral cavity in order to avoid periodontitis.

scholarly journals MENTHA PIPERITA L. - A PROMISING DENTAL CARE HERB MAINLY AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa A. A. Fayed
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria

Oral diseases are considered from the major health problems and are not limited to dental caries and periodontal diseases but to various autoimmune conditions. Itsayurvedic therapy includes different plants used in management of toothache, sore throat, mouth sores, abscess, broken tooth and jaw, tooth sensitivity, mouth thrush, dental caries, gingivitis, tooth bleaching, dental anxiety, dental phobia and plants used for dental extraction. Peppermint (Menthapiperita L.), a sterile hybrid of the species M. aquatica L. and M. spicata, L. is considered one of the important aromatic herbs containing high amount of volatile oil used in dental care. The peppermint leaves have a characteristic, aromatic, strong odor and an aromatic, warm, pungent taste followed by a cooling sensation.The medicinal parts are the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of the flowering plant, the dried leaves, the fresh flowering plant and the whole plant. M. piperita L.is a perennial 50–90 cm high, normally quadrangular and a prototypical member of the mint family. The essential oil of M.piperitaL.leaves is characterized by the presence of high percent of menthol (29-48%) in addition tomenthone (20-31%), and the different isomers of menthol in addition to other constituents.M. piperitaL. is one of most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria as Streptococcus mutans. Peppermint oil and leaves posses several other biological effects as antiseptic in oral preparations, antibacterial,antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and antispasmodic effects. It is also used as a flavoringagent in food and pharmaceutical industry and oral preparations.

scholarly journals Current opportunities and prospectives of immunotropic therapy in chronic generalized periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1068
Author(s):  
I. I. Antonov ◽  
V. P. Mudrov ◽  
V. N. Nelyubin ◽  
A. A. Muraev ◽  
S. Yu. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Schedule

Impairment of immunological reactivity in inflammatory periodontal diseases is well proven. To perform immunomodulatory treatment in domestic dental practice, various medications are used, including natural, chemically modified, recombinant, genetically engineered and synthetic substances, which differ in their effects upon innate and adaptive immune systems. Complex preparations of natural cytokines as well as genetically engineered preparations of IL-1, IL-2, growth factors, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ are applied in clinical settings. Clinical implementation of interferon and interferon inducers in combined therapy of generalized periodontitis is shown to increase resistance to viral components of the oral microbiota. Growth factors (platelet growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, endothelial growth factor, etc.) are successfully used for tissue regeneration in periodontics and maxillofacial surgery. Experimental studies have shown that local administration of toll-like receptor-9 and CD40 ligand may reduce periodontal ligature inflammation and bone loss in mice by inducing B-cell proliferation and increasing IL-10 mRNA expression. Promising results in development of new biologically active drugs are obtained with nanotechnology approaches, i.e., production of composite materials of metal nanoparticles with polymers, growth factors, and local application of these products. General limitations of all these growth factors include extremely short periods of biological activity, and adjusted duration of local effective concentrations. Therefore, it is important to develop a drug delivery system using appropriate scaffolding elements thus allowing local effects of the drug for a certain period of time. In experimental models, alginate hydrogels performed well upon local delivery of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and stromal lymphopoietin of the thymus. A new immunomodulatory strategy for alveolar bone regeneration targets macrophages. A biologically functionalized injectable microsphere of heparin-modified gelatin nanofibers that mimic the architecture of the natural bone extracellular matrix, and provide an osteoconductive microenvironment for bone cells includes IL-4, which has heparin-binding domains. These medications represent a component of a comprehensive treatment schedule, and should be evaluated for immune status before and after therapy. Thus, recent advances in studies of innate and acquired immune responses in inflammatory diseases and, in particular, in periodontal disorders, allows us to develop new approaches and methods of treatment in order to improve efficiency of complex therapy in the inflammatory periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Suraj Prakash ◽  
Radha ◽  
Neeraj Kumari ◽  
Ashok Pundir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases

Plant-derived phytochemicals have been touted as viable substitutes in a variety of diseases. All over the world, dentists have turned to natural remedies for dental cure due to the negative possessions of certain antibacterial mediators used in dentistry. Antimicrobial and other drugs are currently in use, but they show some side effects. Since ancient times, antioxidant EOs have been used for different ailments and have grown in popularity over time. Several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials have shown the safety and effectiveness of antioxidant essential oils (EOs) in oral health obtained from medicinal plants. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites, more specifically EOs from 20 most commonly used medicinal plants and their applications in maintaining oral health. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common and preventable global infectious diseases, with diseases of the oral cavity being considered major diseases affecting a person’s health. Several clinical studies have shown a connection between oral diseases and oral microbiota. This review discusses the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing the formation of dental plaque, and as well as reducing the symptoms of oral diseases. This review article contributes a basic outline of essential oils and their healing actions.

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