The Impact of Trade Policy Reform on Social Welfare, Inequality and Poverty: The case of Lao PDR

2011 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Bounthone Soukavong
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Welfare Inequality ◽  
The Impact

In 1997, Lao PRD became a full member of ASEAN and continued trade reform as per AFTA commitments in following year. International trade and economic growth were related during the reform periods. This paper examines the impact of trade policy reform on social welfare, inequality, and poverty in Lao PDR from 1997-2003. In addition, we investigated the effect of price changes under AFTA commitments by the pass-through approach between 2005 and 2007. We also analyzed the social welfare and inequality measurement indices which were based on the Atkinson-(1970) and Sen (1973) approaches by using Lao Expenditure Consumption Survey data. We found that during trade liberalization process could increase households’ social welfare by 196,529 LAK and inequality declined by 10 percent. Moreover, the import commodity prices change under AFTA commitments decreased significantly in 2007 especially consumption goods and investment capital goods. Those effects seem to benefit poor households and farmers who could then purchase lower imported commodity prices and higher quality investment capital goods.

scholarly journals Pengaruh globalisasi terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Domestic Price ◽  
International Trade Policy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

The problem on food security in Indonesia began to be interested since the economic crisis as one component of the social security net. Sustainable food security covers: availability of food, accessibility, utilization, stability, self reliance (autonomy) and sustainability. . Hirarchically food security can be at global order, regional, national, local, household and individual. The higher order offbod security is a necessary condition but not sufficient condition for the lower order.Economic theory indicate that there are gains to be made from free trade. increase the efficiency ufresource allocation, and increase welfare of all countries. However, all government, without exception, intervene to varying degrees in the working of natural market prces, with the reason the need to protect infant industry, to ensure food security, to redistribute income, and to enhance income of small producers.The liberalization initiatives culminated in UR agreement and WTO, among others, dismantling of quantitative restriction and subsidies as well as other nontariff barriers, but there were several new thing of antidumping tariff, sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade,environment, and genetically modified organism.The impact of trade liberalization on exporter countries, in general, would benefit the producers, decrease the consumer surplus, and increase social welfare except large populated as India and China. The impact of importer countries depend on the policy of each country. Malaysia and Indonesia by decreasing import tariff policy would increase consumer surplus and social welfare but sacrificing the producers/farmers.National food policies consist of international trade policy domestic price policy, and policy on production efficiency. The international trade policy means to protect producers, consumers, and social welfare from the uncertainty of international market especially in the long run. The stabilization of domestic price policy needs inter department coordination and STE to implement. Protection could result inefficiency but it is needed for commodities those are not ready to compete and to protect from unfair trade, to protect farmers and long run food security.

scholarly journals ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration: Relationship International Trade Policy Reform and Foreign Trade in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Thi Thao ◽  
Zhang Jian Hua
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Foreign Trade Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cointegration Relationship

Starting from in 1986, Vietnam began economic reforms, from an economy centrally planned economy to market-oriented socialist where the government still playing a leading role. The breakthrough in policy reform has succeeded in creating faster economic growth and improving people’s living standards. Among the policy reforms since renovation, trade policy is the most important ones and has great impacts not only on Vietnam’s foreign trade activity but also the whole economy. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the impact of reforms in trade policy on Vietnam’s foreign trade, the achievements and the limitations still exist after implement the reform of trade policy. Also, together with the mention of the content and the process of trade policy reform in Vietnam. Finally, it proposes some suggestions to improve Vietnam’s trade policy.

scholarly journals Foreign trade aspect of Serbia’s accession to the European Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Stevan Rapaic ◽  
Dragana Dabic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Common Trade ◽  
The Impact

From the past experience, most governments conclude that it is necessary to carry out carefully planned foreign trade policy based on a high degree of liberalization dosed with government control. This kind of foreign trade policy is being implemented both by Serbia and by the European Union, which established the Common Trade Policy (CTP) in 1957. Bearing in mind that Serbia has signed the Stabilization and Association Agreement striving to become a full member of the European Union, it is clear that, in due course, its foreign trade policy must be in line with the European one. This is not an easy task, because parallel to the process of accession to the EU, Serbia is conducting negotiations on accession to the World Trade Organization and those two processes are intertwined and connected. This paper analyses Serbia?s process of accession to the European Union and the impact of this process on its foreign trade policy as well as the future of its foreign trade relations with previous major partners.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

Trade policy reform in developing countries since 1985

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Dean ◽  
Seema Desai ◽  
James Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Policy Reform

Global Food Commodity Prices and Domestic Food Inflation: Some Insights from Morocco

New Medit ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed EL GHIN ◽  
Mounir EL-KARIMI
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Floating Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Inflation ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Domestic Food

This paper examines the world commodity prices pass-through to food inflation in Morocco, over the period 2004-2018, by using Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model on monthly data. Several interesting results are found from this study. First, the impact of global food prices on domestic food inflation is shown significant, which reflects the large imported component in the domestic food consumption basket. Second, the transmission effect is found to vary across commodities. Consumer prices of cereals and oils significantly and positively respond to external price shocks, while those of dairy and beverages are weakly influenced. Third, there is evidence of asymmetries in the pass-through from world to domestic food prices, where external positive shocks generate a stronger local prices response than negative ones. This situation is indicative of policy and market distortions, namely the subsidies, price controls, and weak competitive market structures. Our findings suggest that food price movements should require much attention in monetary policymaking, especially that the country has taken preliminary steps towards the adoption of floating exchange rate regime.

Objectivity of Scientific Research as an Ethical and Political Position (Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Zapesotsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Nonfiction Essays ◽  
The Impact

Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018. - 592 pp. ISBN 978-5-7621-0973-4This author discusses the problem of scientific objectivity and reviews a book written by the medievalist-historian P.P. Tolochko, full member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), honorable director of the NASU Institute of Archaeology. The book was published by the Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences in the autumn of 2018. The book presents a collection of articles and reports devoted to processes in Ukraine and, first of all, in Ukrainian historical science, which, at the moment, is experiencing an era of serious reformation of its interpretative models. The author of the book shows that these models are being reformed to suit the requirements of the new ideology, with an obvious disregard for the conduct of objective scientific research. In this regard, the problem of objectivity of scientific research becomes the subject of this review because the requirement of objectivity can be viewed not only as a methodological requirement but also as a moral and political position, opposing the rigor of scientific research to the impact of ideological, political and moral systems and judgments. It is concluded that in this sense the position of P.P. Tolochko can be considered as the act of profound ethical choice.

scholarly journals Disability pension among persons with chronic disease: Differential impact of a Danish policy reform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmi Mathisen ◽  
Natasja Koitzsch Jensen ◽  
Jakob Bue Bjorner ◽  
Henrik Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
Ulla Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In 2013, Denmark implemented a reform that tightened the criteria for disability pension, expanded a subsidized job scheme (‘flexi-job’) and introduced a new vocational rehabilitation scheme. The overall aim of the reform was to keep more persons attached to the labour market. This study investigates the impact of the reform among persons with chronic disease and whether this impact differed across groups defined by labour market affiliation and chronic disease type. Methods The study was conducted as a register-based, nationwide cohort study. The study population included 480 809 persons between 40 and 64 years of age, who suffered from at least one of six chronic diseases. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of being awarded disability pension or flexi-job in the 5 years after vs. the 5 years prior to the reform were estimated. Results Overall, the probability of being awarded disability pension was halved after the reform (HR = 0.49, CI: 0.47–0.50). The impact was largest for persons receiving sickness absence benefits (HR = 0.31, CI: 0.24–0.39) and for persons with functional disorders (HR = 0.38, CI: 0.32–0.44). Also, the impact was larger for persons working in manual jobs than for persons working in non-manual jobs. The probability of being awarded a flexi-job was decreased by one-fourth (HR = 0.76, CI: 0.74–0.79) with the largest impact for high-skilled persons working in non-manual jobs. Conclusion Access to disability pension and flexi-job decreased after the reform. This impact varied according to labour market affiliation and chronic disease type.

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