‘Make in India’ Campaign: Labour Law Reform Strategy and Its Impact on Job Creation Opportunities in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Anushree Karani ◽  
Rasananda Panda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Skill Requirement ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact

The need of employment generation has never been more pressing than now when youth is occupying larger share in the pie of demographic profile of the country. There are several employment challenges such as adequate skill requirement and large-scale employment generation, flexibility of employer to cope up with turbulent global manufacturing environment and social security programme to cater to the need of employees. Development of manufacturing sector is always at the centre irrespective of NDA (National Democratic Alliance) led government or UPA (United Progressive Alliance) led government. To create jobs for the manufacturing sector is always a challenging task. This article throws some light on the manufacturing employment scenario in the pre-reform and post-reform era. This article also tries to explore the impact of recent proposed labour law reforms on the job creation opportunities. It follows exploratory—secondary data—research design. The scope of this research is limited to two major laws, namely, Factories Act, 1948 and Apprenticeship Act, 1961, and other law reforms in the country. With the support of the recent 26th Quarterly Employment Survey by labour ministry and the analysis of the labour law reforms, this article leads to the conclusion that these reforms have not had any significant impact on the job creation opportunities.

Make in India and Labour Reforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
State Government ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Forced Labour

India is a labour surplus country with 47 million unemployed below the age of 24 years and 12-13 million youths joining the labour market every year. To avoid the growing unemployment, India strongly needs labour intensive and labour friendly industries. Labour being in the concurrent list of the constitution, both central and state government legislate on it. But the State Governments have limited space to enact labour laws to address their own requirements-promoting investment and employment generation. Labour law reform is currently on the political agenda in India, particularly in the wake of the election of the new Modijee led government at the centre. The first set of initiatives, announced in October 2014, were the “unified labour and industrial portal” and “labour inspection scheme”. Our constitution has many articles directed toward their interests for eg. Article 23 forbids forced labour, 24 forbids child labour (in factories, mines and other hazardous occupations) below age of 14 years. Further, Article 43A was inserted by 42nd amendment – directing state to take steps to ensure worker’s participation in management of industries. (Gandhi ji said that employers are trustees of interests of workers and they must ensure their welfare.) India is expected to generate 51 million jobs till 2019, it is imperative to streamline all laws, to facilitate manufacturing sector in India so as economy could absorb new human resource inflow.

scholarly journals Microcredit Impacts: Evidence from a Large-Scale Observational Study in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Goldszmidt ◽  
Patrick Behr ◽  
Cesar Zucco ◽  
Anna-Katharina Lenz ◽  
Lauro Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of microcredit in Brazil. We use a propensity score matching on original primary data on business and personal outcomes to compare veteran clients of BNDES—Brazil’s largest government-owned development bank—to a matched sample of more recent clients. Based on administrative data as well as data from a survey of 2107 clients from the South and Northeast regions of Brazil, the findings show no significant impacts on income, employment generation, access to credit, and business formalization, except for the poorest Municipalities of the Northeast, where microcredit presented positive effects.

scholarly journals “Being fat is not a disease but a sign of good living”: The Political Economy of Overweight and Obesity in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Tolulope Osayomi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Good Living ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Increasing overweight and obesity rates have accompanied economic development in recent years. This twofold health issue has become increasingly worrisome and is currently receiving academic interest and government attention.  A growing volume of studies has examined the demographic, socio economic, environmental and cultural risk factors of overweight and obesity in Nigeria where fatness is culturally revered. However, information on large scale factors associated with economic development shaping the geographical distribution of overweight and obesity is sparse. From the political economic standpoint, the central question of this paper is: ‘Does the spatial pattern of overweight and obesity correspond with the varying levels of economic development in Nigeria? The study relied on secondary data from published sources.  Linear regression models were estimated to determine the impact of economic development variables on overweight and obesity. Results reveal that percent population with white collar jobs had a significant positive effect on overweight whereas poverty, gross domestic product (GDP) and degree of urbanization were significantly related to obesity. The paper concludes that the spatial patterns of overweight and obesity follow the pathways of economic development in Nigeria.

Employment Transformation in the Vietnamese Economy in Light of the Lewis-Fei-Ranis Growth Model of A Labor-Abundant Economy

2014 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Kien Nguyen Trung
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Dominant State ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
State Enterprises

This paper studies structural changes in the Vietnamese economy during the reform era, with emphasis on the role of the manufacturing sector in employment generation. A stage-setting survey of analytical framework and empirical evidence of employment transformation in a labor-abundant economy in East Asia has enabled a statistical analysis of employment transformation in Vietnam over the two recent decades. The findings suggest that the manufacturing sector has shown an improved performance in attracting massive amounts of unskilled workers from agriculture. Within manufacturing, the private sector firms, in particular the foreign-invested enterprises, have been increasingly responsible for job creation, contributing to the gradual erosion of the dominant state enterprises.

scholarly journals CAN RETURN MIGRATION REVITALISE LATVIA’S REGIONS? FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS TO HUMAN CAPITAL GAINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 142-159
Author(s):  
Inta Mieriņa ◽  
Baiba Bela
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
The Impact

Migration researchers from East-Central Europe most often focus on the impact of ‘brain drain’ which is characterised by the loss of human capital from emigration. In this paper focus is placed on the assumption that migrants living abroad gain valuable experiences and education opportunities, that lead to personal growth, facilitate entrepreneurship and psychological resilience, amongst other important skills. This experience may be used for the revitalisation of the less-developed regions the migrants return to. To explore what facilitates or inhibits the fulfil potential of ‘brain circulation’ or gain, we use data from two large-scale surveys of return migrants in Latvia, in-depth interviews, media analysis, regional workshops and secondary data. We find that return migrants often choose to return to the capital city and not their original point of departure. While towns and villages offer some advantages such as little competition, easier adaptation and high neighbourhood quality, reliance on personal contacts distorts the efficiency of job placement and there are fewer work opportunities in one’s acquired profession. The skills are waisted and employers remain unappreciative of knowledge gained abroad in towns and villages more than in Riga.  

scholarly journals Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pertahanan dan Dampak Kebijakannya di Perbatasan Indonesia Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haris Zulkarnain ◽  
Kholis Roisah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Cultural Defense ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country that has several border areas, one of which is Malaysia. The border region has a strategic role as the main gateway of a country and representation of political, economic, socio-cultural, defense and security aspects. Social and economic problems that are often faced in the border areas of Indonesia-Malaysia. The research aims to analyze defense management policies and the impact of its policies in the Indonesia-Malaysia border region. The research method used is normative juridical and the data used is secondary data with qualitative analysis. The results of this study that: First, the last decade since the reform era, the state is seriously trying to strengthen defense as one of the important elements to safeguard the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The efforts are made through various methods such as formal, institutional and practical legal. The approach used in the country's defense and security concept in the border region is through Sishankamrata. Second,  Second, the defense policies to safeguard national sovereignty at the border in its implementation have a number of obstacles, as limited infrastructure, length of state borders, limited security personnel, and overlapping authority between institutions and ministries in managing border areas. Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar yang memiliki beberapa  daerah perbatasan, salah satunya dengan Malaysia. Wilayah perbatasan memiliki peran strategis sebagai pintu gerbang utama dari suatu negara dan representasi dari aspek politik, ekonomi, sosial budaya, pertahanan dan keamanan. Permasalahan sosial dan ekonomi yang sering dihadapi di daerah perbatasan Indonesia dan Malaysia. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan pengelolaan pertahanan dan dampak kebijakannya di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan analisa kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa: Pertama, dekade terakhir sejak era reformasi,  negara serius berupaya memperkuat pertahanan sebagai salah satu elemen penting untuk menjaga kedaulatan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Upaya yang dilakukan melalui beragam cara seperti legal formal, institusional, dan praktis. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam konsep pertahanan keamanan negara di wilayah perbatasan adalah melalui Sishankamrata. Kedua, kebijakan pertahanan untuk menjaga kedaulatan negara di perbatasan dalam implementasinya tidak lepas dari sejumlah kendala yang dihadapi, yaitu keterbatasan sarana prasarana, panjangnya batas wilayah negara, keterbatasan personil aparat keamanan, dan tumpang tindih kewenangan antar lembaga dan kementerian dalam mengelola wilayah perbatasan.

Towards a Comprehensive Index of Labour Law Reform and Ranking of States

2021 ◽  
pp. 097674792198914
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Comprehensive Index ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Since the pioneering paper by Besley and Burgess (2004) claimed to have found a positive relationship between flexible and pro-employer labour regulations with manufacturing sector performance, there has been an increasing pitch among policymakers to rationalise India’s complicated labour laws. Several state governments have since undertaken significant reforms in their respective labour law regimes. During the recent pandemic-induced lockdown, some states have gone to the extent of temporarily suspending labour laws to kick-start the economy. The Government of India has also recently consolidated the fragmented labour laws by integrating them into four functionally arranged Codes. But the regulatory measure developed by Besley and Burgess, the very basis of their conclusions, has been criticised on the ground of narrow coverage, methodological inconsistency, misclassification of amendments, etc. This article, therefore, attempts to construct a comprehensive Index by mapping state level-amendments in five important labour legislations over the seven-decade period from 1949 to 2017 and coding those amendments. The article is organised as follows: After the context-setting introductory section, the second section summarises the existing evidence on the relationship between labour regulations and manufacturing sector performance in India. The third section discusses the limitations of Besley–Burgess Index. The fourth section briefly mentions the research direction post publication of Besley–Burgess paper. The fifth section develops a comprehensive Index, and it discusses how it improves the BB Index. The sixth section concludes the article. JEL: J3, K3

scholarly journals The Impact of The Covid-19 Pandemic on Provincial Economic Performance in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Nugroho Tulus Rahayu ◽  
Harjum Muharam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Space Activities

The Covid-19 pandemic is a global pandemic that has a big impact to conditions of a country. However, in a country, sometimes there is a difference in the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on one region to another. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economic performance of provinces in Indonesia. The method used in this research is the descriptive statistical method using secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, related ministries, previous research, and other internet sources. The analysis found 1) the Covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the variables of economic growth, unemployment, poverty, and inequality; 2) The Covid-19 pandemic affected economic conditions through the implementation of large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) with the consequence of limiting the space/activities of the community so that the economic process was hampered. 3) The Covid 19 pandemic has a greater impact on provinces with high mobility and a high population, where these characteristics are mostly owned by provinces on the island of Java

scholarly journals The Effect of Institutional Ownership and Audit Committee on Audit Quality with Financial Distress as Moderation: On Manufacturing Sector Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2016-2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mr Jombrik ◽  
Vika Alifta Tamami
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the effect of institutional ownership and audit committee on audit quality with financial difficulties as a moderation. This research was conducted on Manufacturing Companies in the Consumer and Industrial Goods Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2016-2020. The quantitative research method uses secondary data, namely the company's annual report that is the object of research. Analysis of the data used is logistic regression analysis. The results show that the direction of the influence of the institutional ownership variable on audit quality is positive, where institutional ownership has a significant effect on audit quality. Likewise, the direction of the impact of the audit committee on audit quality is positive but does not significantly affect audit quality. The results of the moderation show that Financial Distress can moderate institutional ownership in influencing audit quality. In contrast, after being moderated with the financial distress variable, the audit committee has a negative and significant direction, which means it can moderate the audit committee in influencing audit quality but in the opposite direction.

scholarly journals Competency Mapping Based on Identifying the Impact over the Productivity of SMEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2236-2243
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Data Collection Method ◽  
The Impact

This study is based on identifying the applicability and benefits of competency mapping in Small Medium-sized Enterprises with context to Delhi-NCR region. The reason of choosing the manufacturing sector of Small Medium-sized Enterprises is that they don’t like to opt for such types of modern HR practices at their workplace due to many myths like increase of cost to the company, no direct benefit in adopting this practice, wastage of time etc. Ability advancement by Competency mapping is one of the most precise methods used by large-scale size companies. The small firms can also achieve the same result if this HR practice is properly implemented over their employees and their result should be further used for their development. Sometimes companies used the Competency mapping method for the performance appraisal of their employees, handling their conflicts but this is not just the limitation it can be used in other area also like for preparing the customized training schedule for individual employee. The author selected the certain competency factors, which are having the impact over the productivity, and on the basis of these factors a primary data collection method is used. This is an exploratory research design in which both primary and secondary data collection method is used. ANOVA test, Correlation and Chi-square tests is used for analyzing the data, conducted through SPSS version 22. The result of this study is applicable only for Delhi NCR region. The analysis-based recommendation is useful only for the SME’s manufacturing sector. Further research on this topic can be easily done because this research is based on limited sample size, budget and time constraints. The result of this study helps the Small Mediumsized Enterprises by disclosing for them various ways for full utilization of their available resources at workplace, performance evaluation of employees with ease and as per the pre established criterion, setting up of competency framework etc

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