Monitoring global public health threat - surveillance of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes in new Mangalore sea port, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
R. Rajendran ◽  
K. Regu ◽  
J.M. Kurian
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
International Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
And Control ◽  
Health Regulations ◽  
Water Holding

Vector surveillance and control at port of entry (PoE) is an essential activity for the implementation of International Health Regulations (IHR). The present study was undertaken in and around New Mangalore sea port. Inside the port area, a total of 13 water holding containers at 33 premises were checked and no containers were found positive for larval breeding. In the residential area, 132 water holding containers were checked in 100 houses. The breeding preference ratio was highest for earthen containers (18.8) followed by grinding stone (4.72), metal (1.72), cement tank (1.62) and plastic (0.24). The House index, Container index and Breteau index were found to be 7.0, 5.3 and 7.0% respectively. The nearness of residential colony to NMPT, consequently enhances the chances of spreading of Aedes mosquitoes in the port area. From the present study it is evident that inside the sea port there are ample habitats for the mosquitoes to breed and thrive in rainy season. Routine entomological surveillance is required not only to monitor the mosquito breeding in and around port area but also to prevent transportation and establishment of mosquito species in newer areas.

Surveillance of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes in and around International Airport, Kerala - Assessment of vector control efforts

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
R. Rajendran ◽  
K. Regu ◽  
S. B. Anusree ◽  
W. Tamizharasu ◽  
Anila Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
International Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
And Control

Vector-borne Diseases (VBDs) such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, zika virus and yellow fever are reported in over 100 countries and put up to 60% of the world’s population at risk of infection; more than 500 million cases are reported each year. The International Health Regulations (IHR) emphasizes to look after international seaports/airports and surrounding areas up to 400 meters free of Aedes aegypti mosquito and other vectors of epidemiological significance. Vector surveillance and control at Port of Entry (PoE) is an essential activity for the implementation of IHR. Hence Entomological surveillance was done inside and the residential areas around Cochin International Airport during 2013 to 2019. Aedes larval indices in both inside and residential areas outside the airport were found to be below the critical level in all these years. However the study showed no Aedes positivity inside the airport during 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2019. Effectiveness of vector control measures implemented in and around the airport is deliberated.

Synergising International Public Health Law and International Disaster Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pratik DIXIT
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Law ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
International Public Health ◽  
Health Regulations

There is no time more opportune to review the workings of the International Health Regulations (IHR) than the present COVID-19 crisis. This article analyses the theoretical and practical aspects of international public health law (IPHL), particularly the IHR, to argue that it is woefully unprepared to protect human rights in times of a global public health crisis. To rectify this, the article argues that the IHR should design effective risk reduction and response strategies by incorporating concepts from international disaster law (IDL). Along similar lines, this article suggests that IDL also has a lot to learn from IPHL in terms of greater internationalisation and institutionalisation. Institutionalisation of IDL on par with IPHL will provide it with greater legitimacy, transparency and accountability. This article argues that greater cross-pollination of ideas between IDL and IPHL is necessary in order to make these disciplines more relevant for the future.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Aedes aegypti (L.) Mosquitoes in Mumbai International Seaport (India) to Monitor Potential Global Health Risks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushal Kumar ◽  
Abhay Kumar Sharma ◽  
Manas Sarkar ◽  
Arun Chauhan ◽  
Rajeev Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
International Health ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Mumbai Port

Aedes mosquitoes are highly invasive and can survive almost any climatic conditions. They transmit a number of major world's deadly diseases. Therefore, a study was undertaken during December 2010 to evaluate the entomo-epidemiological risk of Aedes mosquito borne diseases (VBD) in Mumbai international seaport areas to minimize potential global health risks and prevent introduction of new VBD in India. Surveys were undertaken in operational and residential areas of Mumbai Port Trust (MPT). All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level, prescribed for seaports by International Health Regulations Act, 2005. The operational areas where large goods are handled from cargo ships were found to be more prone to mosquito breeding comparing to residential areas. High insecticide tolerance of Aedes aegypti population against temephos and fenthion from Mumbai port area is reported for the first time. A careful and regular invigilation of the international seaports to prevent building up of vector density of dengue/chikungunya and yellow fever is recommended.

scholarly journals 50 States or 50 Countries: What Did We Miss and What Do We Do Now?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Burkle ◽  
Asha V. Devereaux
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Management ◽  
International Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Music Department ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

AbstractThere have been multiple inconsistencies in the manner the COVID-19 pandemic has been investigated and managed by countries. Population-based management (PBM) has been inconsistent, yet serves as a necessary first step in managing public health crises. Unfortunately, these have dominated the landscape within the United States and continue as of this writing. Political and economic influences have greatly influenced major public health management and control decisions. Responsibility for global public health crises and modeling for management are the responsibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Health Regulations Treaty (IHR). This review calls upon both to reassess their roles and responsibilities that must be markedly improved and better replicated world-wide in order to optimize the global public health protections and its PBM.“Ask a big enough question, and you need more than one discipline to answer it.”Liz Lerman, MacArthur “Genius” Fellow, Choreographer, Modern Dance legend, and 2011 Artist-in Residence, Harvard Music Department

scholarly journals Assessment of the Receptivity of Dengue Vector Breeding through Pre- and Post-Monsoon Vector Surveillance at Some International Airports in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
SN Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
International Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
International Health Regulations ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Health Regulations

As per the International Health Regulations (2005), all the International airports and seaports are to be kept free from the risk of infection through any pathogen transmitted by vectors, thereby resulting in public health hazard. Therefore, all the international airports and seaports premises are to be kept free from any vector breeding along with the 400 perimeter areas surrounding the airports and seaports. To assess the receptivity of Vector breeding i.e. Aedesaegypti (Vector for Dengue, Yellow fever, Zika and Chikunguniya), the entomological teams from the Centre for Medical Entomology and Vector Control, NCDC have been undertaking vector surveillance activities (Pre & Post Monsoon) at POE’s of some International Airports & Seaports. The vector surveillance is being done on regular basis and the findings are being shared with the respective authorities for undertaking immediate control measures. From the years 2015 to 2020, Dengue vector surveillance activities were carried out at 10 international airports including 400 meters peripheral areas during pre- and post-monsoon periods. An attempt has been made to describe the receptivity of the airports with the key findings with entomological indices with regard to the prevention and control of dengue vector and for proper planning to undertaking timely control measures to regulate the International Health Regulations in the respective international airports. Such studies on the assessment of receptivity would help the local airport health authorities in understanding the breeding potential habitats of Aedes vector and planning the appropriate vector control strategy in the respective areas.

The New International Health Regulations: Considerations for Global Public Health Surveillance

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Sturtevant ◽  
Aranka Anema ◽  
John S. Brownstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
International Health ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
International Health Regulations ◽  
Health Regulations

ABSTRACTGlobal public health surveillance is critical for the identification and prevention of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. The World Health Organization recently released revised International Health Regulations (IHR) that serve as global legislation and provide guidelines for surveillance systems. The IHR aim to identify and prevent spread of these infectious diseases; however, there are some practical challenges that limit the usability of these regulations. IHR requires Member States to build necessary infrastructure for global surveillance, which may not be possible in underdeveloped countries. A large degree of freedom is given to each individual government and therefore different levels of reporting are common, with substantial emphasis on passive reporting. The IHR need to be enforceable and enforced without impinging on government autonomy or human rights. Unstable governments and developing countries require increased assistance in setting up and maintaining surveillance systems. This article addresses some challenges and potential solutions to the ability of national governments to adhere to the global health surveillance requirements detailed in the IHR. The authors review some practical challenges such as inadequate surveillance and reporting infrastructure, and legal enforcement and maintenance of individual human rights. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2007;1:117–121)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document