scholarly journals Reference intervals of Apo A-1 , Apo B and Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio in sample of macedonian population

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Svetlana Cekovska ◽  
Sonja Alabakovska ◽  
Katerina Tosheska ◽  
Danica Labudovic ◽  
Bojana Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Deviations

The disorders of serum concentration of Apolipoproteins A-1 and B (Apo A-1 and Apo B), as well as of Apolipoprotein B/Apoliporotein A-1 ratio (Apo B/ Apo A-1) are considered to be independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. It is recommended that each laboratory should asign its own reference intervals for Apo A-1 and Apo B, as well as for Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio, as these depend on the geographical location. For this purpose we determined the serum concentration of Apo A-1 and Apo B and we calculated the Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio in 122 healthy individuals from Macedonian population (70 women and 52 men), aged 18-60 years. We used commercial, standardized manual immunoturbidimetric assay (Randox). The obtained concentrations (x ± SD) were: Apo A-1 = 1.39 ± 0.28 g/l in the female population and 1.42 ± 0.27 g/l in the male population, Apo B = 0.95 ± 0.24 g/l in the female and 1.00 ± 0.23 g/l in the male population. The calculated Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio was 0.70 ± 0.17 in the female subgroup and 0.72 ± 0.18 in the male subgroup. Student's t-test detected no significant difference (p>0.05) in mean values for Apolipoproteins A-1 and B and for Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio between female and male subgroups, which lead to the conclusion that division according to sex is not necessary from diagnostic point of view. The Apo A-1 and Apo B concentrations estimated for the mixed group (N=122) were 1.40 ± 0.28 g/l and 0.97 ± 0.23 g/l. The Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio estimated for whole group was 0.71 ± 0.17. The type of distribution of values for Apo A-1, Apo B and Apo B/A-1 ratio was tested by calculating the values of coefficient of asymetry (Skewness), coefficient of flatness (Kurtosis) and standard deviations of these coefficients. The distribution of values was according to Gaussian curve for all three parameters. Therefore, according to the normal distribution reference intervals for Apo A-1, Apo B and Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio was estimated parametrically (mean ± 2 standard deviations). Reference intervals for Apo A-1 were 0.84 - 1.96 g/l, 0.51 - 1.43 g/l for Apo B and 0.37- 1.05 for Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio.

scholarly journals Age and Sex Specific Reference Intervals for Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases for Gujarati Asian Indians

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibasis Sahoo ◽  
Komal H. Shah ◽  
Ashwati R. Konat ◽  
Kamal H. Sharma ◽  
Payal Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Objective. We aimed to establish age and sex specific percentile reference data for cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids, sugar, blood pressure, and BMI in apparently healthy and disease-free Gujarati population.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 3265 apparently healthy and disease-free individuals of both genders residing in Gujarat state. Fasting samples of blood were used for biochemical estimations of lipids and sugar. The measurement of BMI and blood pressure was also done according to the standard guidelines. Age and gender specific 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were obtained.Results. The mean values of lipids, sugar, blood pressure, and BMI were significantly (p<0.001) higher in males as compared to female population. Age-wise distribution trends showed increase in the risk factors from the 2nd decade until the 5th to 6th decade in most of the cases, where loss of premenopausal protection in females was also observed. Specific trends according to gender and age were observed in percentile values of various parameters.Conclusion.The outcome of current study will contribute significantly to proposing clinically important reference values of various lipids, sugar, blood pressure, and BMI that could be used to screen the asymptomatic Gujarati Indian population with a propensity of developing dyslipidemia, diabetes, blood pressure, and obesity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYMPTOMATIC AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Deepali Kamdar
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Obstructive Airway Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obstructive Airway Disease also imposes economic burden and increase the out of pocket expenditure of the patient and the country.(1)  In previous researches it was found that obstructive Airway Disease were reported frequently and often present with complications. The most commonly seen obstructive airway diseases are COPD, Asthma, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis and Bronchiectasis. Material & Methods: In the present study100 Asymptomatic Patients with not previously diagnosed Obstructive Airway disease and patients with no evidence of any physical disease were included in the study. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before start of study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Results: Out of the total, 15 (20.3%) of the male population and 3 (11.5%) of the female population had asymptomatic airflow obstruction with statistically significant difference (P value <0.05). Out of the total on the basis of distribution according to BMI (Kg/m2), 7 (15.5%) patients had airflow obstruction among lower BMI population and 11 (20%) patients had airflow obstruction among higher BMI population with statistically non-significant difference (P value >0.05). ). Out of the total on the basis of distribution according to weight, 4 (11.1%) patients had airflow obstruction among age <50 years population and 14 (21.8%) patients had airflow obstruction among age >50 years population with statistically significant difference (P value <0.05). Conclusion: There was high burden of undiagnosed asymptomatic obstructive airway disease reported among patients who were males, higher age and had higher BMI. Patients who were current smokers had maximum airflow obstruction in compared to patients who never had smoking habit and patients who were ex-smokers. Key words: Obstructive Airway Disease, COPD, Spirometry.

scholarly journals Normal interpupillary, inner canthal distance and outer canthal distance in a normal population of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nausheen Hayat ◽  
Saba Alkhairy ◽  
Alyscia Cheema ◽  
Muneeb Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Athar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study was conducted to quantify the normal indices of anthropometric measures related to ophthalmology including Interpupillary distance (IPD), Inner canthal distance (ICD), Outer canthal distance (OCD) in a normal, healthy Pakistani population. Methods: This is a cross sectional study. Total 500 patients were chosen randomly but 499 were included in this study. Patients were selected randomly in an outpatient department of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi, over the period of five months. IPD, ICD & OCD all measurements were taken with the help of plastic rule by only one researcher to minimize chances of error as much as possible. IPD was reconfirmed from auto refractometer while ICD and OCD readings were taken twice by occluding one eye of researcher to reduce error. Participants were divided into four categories on basis of: Age, Gender, ethnicity and geographical location. Patients were further categorized on basis of Ethnicity to Urdu Speaking, Sindhi, Punjabi, Pathan, and others. Moreover, four age groups were drawn ranging from 15-24 years, 25-44 years, 45-64 years and 65 years and greater. Results: Our study comprised a total of 499 patents of which 272(54.5%) were males, and 227(45.5%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 39.3 ± 14.5 years. The mean values for the IPD, ICD and OCD in mm were 61.8 ± 6.2, 30.9 ± 2.9 and 85.2 ± 6.6 respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between IPD, ICD and OCD Indices among male and female study participants (p<0.001, p=0.043, p<0.001). While comparing the IPD, ICD and OCD indices amongst the different ethnic groups, we found no statistically significant difference (p=0.09. p=0.28, p=0.06). Overall, there was no correlation between the age and other variables i.e. IPD, ICD, OCD, (r = 0.07, p = 0.085), (r = 0.005, p = 0.906), (r = -0.08, p = 0.058). Conclusion: This work has recommended normative values of IPD, ICD and OCD in Pakistani population on the basis different variables including gender, age, and ethnicity. How to cite this:Hayat N, Alkhairy S, Cheema A, Ehsan M, Khan MA. Normal interpupillary, inner canthal distance and outer canthal distance in a normal population of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.288 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Effects of Apolipoprotein E Gene and Sex On Serum Lipid Profiles in Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Ting Bao ◽  
Ruwei Ou ◽  
Qianqian Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: The ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles of apolipoprotein (APO) E gene constitute a common polymorphism in most populations, among which the APOEε4 allele is known to increase both the susceptibility and severity of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and it is also associated with lipid profiles. High serum total cholesterol (TC) level in middle age has been proven to be a risk factor for AD and its related pathology. In addition, sex may alter the risk associated with the APOEε4 allele, and gender-specific APOE gene interactions can alter the response to anticholinesterase therapy. Therefore, sex is an important factor in studying the relationship between the APOE gene, lipid profiles and AD, and the underlying mechanism. However, there are few studies on whether there are differences in the effects of APOEε2 and APOEε4 on AD patients and healthy people of different genders, respectively.Material and methods: A total of 549 participants, including 298 AD patients and 251 body mass index (BMI)-matched health controls (HCs), were enrolled. Lipid profiles and APOE genes in both AD patients and matched controls were determined. The cognitive functions of the AD patients were evaluated using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Results: (1) The levels of TC and LDL in the AD group were higher than those in HCs. Subgroup analysis found that the AD patients with the APOEε4 allele had higher levels of TC and LDL than HCs carrying the APOEε4 allele, while in individuals without the APOEε4 allele. There was no significant difference in TG and HDL levels between the AD group and HCs. (2) The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers were higher than those in non-APOEε4 carriers. Subgroup analysis found that the increase of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers was found in the AD and female populations, but not in HCs and male populations. (3) The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε2 carriers were lower than those in non-APOEε2 carriers. Subgroup analysis found that the TC of APOEε2 carriers was lower than that of non-carriers in the male AD population, but not in the female AD population, female HCs, and male HCs. (4) The levels of TC, HDL and LDL in the female population were higher than the male population. (5) The increased LDL level may increase the risk of AD in female people carrying APOEε4.Conclusion: AD patients had higher TC and LDL levels than HCs, especially in the population with the APOEε4 allele. The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers were higher than those in non-APOEε4 carriers, especially in the female AD populations. The TC of APOEε2 carriers was lower than that of non-carriers, especially in male AD populations.

scholarly journals Female and Male Differences in Academic Achievement in Individuals With Cleft

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Persson ◽  
Magnus Becker ◽  
Amy L. Conrad ◽  
Henry Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Compulsory School ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The focus of this study was to determine if there is any significant difference in academic achievement for girls and boys with a cleft compared to the general population of Swedish students at graduation from compulsory school. Design: A retrospective population-based study using data obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register that was linked to the Swedish School–Grade Register. Participants: Two hundred seventy girls and 241 boys with cleft palate (CP), 222 girls and 429 boys with cleft lip (CL), and 299 girls and 531 boys with cleft lip and palate (CLP) were compared with the compulsory school population comprising 609,397 girls and 640,007 boys. Main Outcome Measures: (1) Odds of receiving the lowest grade and reduced odds in receiving high grades in Mathematics, English, and Swedish. (2) grade point average (GPA). Results: In all 3 subject grades, for boys with cleft there was no difference when compared to the male population. Girls with cleft were similar to their peers with a few exceptions. Girls with CLP had lower Math grades, and girls with CP had lower Math, English, and Swedish grades. Girls with CP and CLP achieved a significantly lower GPA in comparison to the female population and boys with CP and CL achieved lower GPAs in comparison to the male population. Conclusions: This study indicates that educational outcomes for girls with cleft are more negatively affected than for boys with cleft.

scholarly journals Frontal plane knee alignment among normal northern Nigerian adults: A radiographic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Suleiman Gwani ◽  
Eduitem Sunday Otong ◽  
Sani Abubakar Bello ◽  
Hamza Mustapha Ahmed ◽  
Dlama Zira Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Knee Alignment ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Right

Studies have shown that knee alignment parameters differ among races. However, to our knowledge, radiographic frontal plane knee alignment has not been studied in normal northern Nigerian adults. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the frontal plane knee alignment in normal northern Nigerian adults. This study recruited a total of 59 consented subjects (44 males, 15 females). The entire subjects are without any history of lower extremity deformity. Anteroposterior radiographs of both knees with the patella positioned straight ahead were obtained from each participant while standing in a relaxed bipedal stance and placing equal weight on each limb. Alignment was assessed by measuring the tibiofemoral angle (TFA), distal femoral angle (DFA) and proximal tibial angle (PTA). The angles were measured with the aid of a universal plastic goniometre and a plastic ruler. Descriptive statistics of the alignment parameters, independent and paired t-test were computed. In the male population, the mean (standard deviation) obtained were 179.06 (3.87)o for the TFA, 85.94 (3.03 o for the DFA and 89.27 (3.26)o for the PTA. In the female population, the values were 179.53 (3.38)o for the TFA, 86.40 (2.97)o for the DFA and 89.27 (2.15)o for the PTA. No significant mean difference was observed between genders in all the parameters. The TFA does not show any significant difference between the right and left angle regardless of gender. However, significant mean differences were observed in the DFA and PTA of males and combined population. No significant difference was observed in the DFA and PTA of females. Accordingly, northern Nigerian adults may have varus knee alignment compared to other races. Thus, this pre-existing varus alignment should be taken into consideration during clinical examination, preoperative planning and postoperative evaluations of knee deformities in this population.

scholarly journals Aspects of the life history of the Atlantic poacher, Leptagonus decagonus, in Svalbard waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Kristin Heggland ◽  
Camilla A. Meyer Ottesen ◽  
Jørgen Berge
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

Abstract The aim of the study is to describe aspects of the life history of the Atlantic poacher (Leptagonus decagonus) obtained during early October 2010 and late September 2011 from the Hinlopen Strait, located between Nordaustlandet and the Spitsbergen Archipelago. Length was measured for 142 individuals, and 82 out of these were weighed, sexed and the age in years determined. The sex distribution in the population was 45% females and 55% males. Gut content examination revealed the domination of the mesopelagic and hyper−benthic calanoid Bradyidius similis that was recorded in 87% of the stomachs analysed. Overall there was a significant difference in size (length and weight) between the sexes, and a difference in length and weight at age between the sexes. There was no difference in age distribution between the sexes, but there was a larger age range within the male population than in the female population. The sexual dimorphism in size is likely linked to different reproductive strategies. This study represents the first data on the life history of the Atlantic poacher in Svalbard waters.

scholarly journals Effects of season of birth and meteorological parameters on serum bilirubin levels during the early neonatal period: a retrospective chart review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeo Iijima ◽  
Toru Baba ◽  
Miyuki Kondo ◽  
Tomoka Fujita ◽  
Akira Ohishi
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Neonatal jaundice can be influenced by many factors. Several studies have suggested that the severity of neonatal jaundice may vary with the season, but conclusive data on this issue are currently lacking. The aim of the present study was to establish whether serum bilirubin levels vary in healthy term neonates according to seasonal variation and meteorological factors.Methods: We retrospectively studied 3,344 healthy term neonates born between 2013 and 2018. Using the capillary technique, total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels were measured on the fourth day after birth. The monthly and seasonal variations in TSB levels and clinical and meteorological effects on TSB levels were assessed.Results: In the enrolled neonates, the median gestational age was 39.4 weeks, median birthweight was 3,025 g, and median TSB level was 195 µmol/L. The TSB level peaked in December and was the lowest in July, but the variation was not statistically significant. The TSB level was significantly higher in the cold season (October to March) than in the warm season (April to September; p=0.01). Comparing the seasonal differences according to sex, TSB levels were significantly higher in the cold season in male infants (p=0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed in female infants. In only the male population did a weakly negative but significant association exist between TSB levels and daily mean air temperature (r=-0.07, p=0.007); in the female population, no significant correlation was found between TSB levels and meteorological parameters.Conclusions: Season of birth appears to be an etiological factor in neonatal jaundice, with an additional influence of sex. However, the contradictions observed in various studies highlight the need for further research on this topic.

scholarly journals Effects of Season of Birth and Meteorological Parameters on Serum Bilirubin Levels during the Early Neonatal Period: A Retrospective Chart Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2763
Author(s):  
Shigeo Iijima ◽  
Toru Baba ◽  
Miyuki Kondo ◽  
Tomoka Fujita ◽  
Akira Ohishi
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Significant Difference

To establish whether serum bilirubin levels vary in healthy term neonates according to seasonal variations and meteorological factors, we retrospectively studied 3344 healthy term neonates born between 2013 and 2018. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels were measured on the fourth day after birth. The monthly and seasonal variations in TSB levels and clinical and meteorological effects on TSB levels were assessed. In the enrolled neonates, the median TSB level was 195 µmol/L. The TSB level peaked in December and was the lowest in July, but the variation was not statistically significant. The TSB level was significantly higher in the cold (October to March) than in the warm season (April to September; p = 0.01). The comparison between seasonal differences according to sex showed TSB levels were significantly higher in the cold than in the warm season in male infants (p = 0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed in female infants. A weakly negative but significant association existed between TSB levels and the mean daily air temperature (r = −0.07, p = 0.007) in only the male population; the female population showed no significant correlation between TSB levels and meteorological parameters. The season of birth is an etiological factor in neonatal jaundice, with an additional influence from sex.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Subsequent Cardiovascular Diseases of Different Types: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Jui Hsu ◽  
Chia-Yi Lee ◽  
Shih-Chun Chao ◽  
Chan-Wei Nien ◽  
Shih-Hao Tzeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

The aim of the present study was to survey the relationship between central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with different severities using the National Health Insurance Research Database. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Subjects with CSC were enrolled according to the relevant diagnostic codes, and an age- and gender-matched population was used as the control group with a 1:4 ratio. The main outcome being considered was the development of CVD after CSC exposure. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of CSC and CVD of different types. A total of 2865 patients that were diagnosed with CSC were enrolled in the study group, while another 11,460 non-CSC subjects were selected as the control group. There were 171 events of CVD which occurred in the study group, while another 557 cases were found in the control group. No significant differences were observed among the CVD cases between the study and control group, whether they had an acute or chronic form, according to the aHR. In the subgroup analysis, there was a significantly higher risk of CVD development in the male population aged from 40 to 59 years (aHR: 1.351, confidence interval (CI): 1.063–1.716), which was mainly due to the higher risk of mild CVD (aHR: 1.391, CI: 1.062–1.822). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in CVD development in any of the age subgroups of the female population. In conclusion, the existence of CSC is correlated with a higher rate of chronic CVD occurrence in the middle-aged male population.

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