scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYMPTOMATIC AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Deepali Kamdar
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Obstructive Airway Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obstructive Airway Disease also imposes economic burden and increase the out of pocket expenditure of the patient and the country.(1)  In previous researches it was found that obstructive Airway Disease were reported frequently and often present with complications. The most commonly seen obstructive airway diseases are COPD, Asthma, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis and Bronchiectasis. Material & Methods: In the present study100 Asymptomatic Patients with not previously diagnosed Obstructive Airway disease and patients with no evidence of any physical disease were included in the study. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before start of study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Results: Out of the total, 15 (20.3%) of the male population and 3 (11.5%) of the female population had asymptomatic airflow obstruction with statistically significant difference (P value <0.05). Out of the total on the basis of distribution according to BMI (Kg/m2), 7 (15.5%) patients had airflow obstruction among lower BMI population and 11 (20%) patients had airflow obstruction among higher BMI population with statistically non-significant difference (P value >0.05). ). Out of the total on the basis of distribution according to weight, 4 (11.1%) patients had airflow obstruction among age <50 years population and 14 (21.8%) patients had airflow obstruction among age >50 years population with statistically significant difference (P value <0.05). Conclusion: There was high burden of undiagnosed asymptomatic obstructive airway disease reported among patients who were males, higher age and had higher BMI. Patients who were current smokers had maximum airflow obstruction in compared to patients who never had smoking habit and patients who were ex-smokers. Key words: Obstructive Airway Disease, COPD, Spirometry.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MAGNITUDE OF ASYMPTOMATIC AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Deepali Kamdar
Keyword(s):  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Obstructive Airway Disease ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Health Care Infrastructure

Background: Asymptomatic Airflow Obstruction causes major health problem related to lung diseases worldwide, along with stress on health care infrastructure of the country. Obstructive Airway Disease also imposes economic burden and increase the out of pocket expenditure of the patient and the country. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Ahmadabad from January 2016 to December 2016. A sample size of 100 was calculated at 95% confidence interval at 10% acceptable margin. Patients were enrolled from outdoor and from ward by simple random sampling. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before start of study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Results:  In the present study, on the assessment of pulmonary function test, it was found that 70% of patient had normal PFT, 18% of patients had obstructive PFT and 12% of patients had restrictive PFT. On the assessment of obstructive airway disease by GOLD – Staging it was found that out of total study participants, 8% of patients had mild obstruction (Stage 1), 6% had moderate obstruction (Stage 2), 3% had severe obstruction (Stage 3) and 1% had very severe obstruction (Stage 4) Conclusion: there was high burden of undiagnosed asymptomatic obstructive airway disease reported among patients of different severities with males were more commonly affected than females. Therefore, use of Spirometry should be incorporate in all routine health check-ups. Key words: Obstructive Airway Disease, Asthma, Spirometry.

scholarly journals To Establish A Normal Range of Inter-Incisal Opening - A Study of 756 Subjects of Age Group 20-50 Years in Yamunanagar City, Haryana.

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-003
Author(s):  
Aruna Singh ◽  
Nymphea Pandit ◽  
Monica Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Average Maximum

Abstract Aim- 1. The aim of this study was to investigate the average maximum range of inter-incisal mouth opening in a representative sample of the adult subjects of Haryana. 2. To see any correlation between maximal inter-incisal opening with age. Methods- Maximum mouth opening was studied in 756 adult subjects with age range of 20-50 years in Yamunanagar, Haryana. Age limit was further divided into three groups (20-30, 31-40, 41-50). Those with clinical history of TMJ involvement, OSMF, any trauma, odontogenic and non-odontogenic infections, dental prosthesis on the anterior teeth, congenital anomalies in the maxillofacial region were excluded from this study. The measurements were recorded twice and mean of the two values were taken. Statistical Analysis- Independent sample t-test was calculated to compare age and mouth opening in both male and females respectively. Bivariate pearson correlation was used to see any relationship between age and mouth opening. P-value ≤ 0.05 and CI (confidence interval) at 95% were considered statistically significant. The Results- The average mouth opening of males (45.36±6.70 mm) subjects was higher as compared to female (41.27 ± 6.75 mm) with significant, p-value 0.000. The mean mouth opening ± SD for both sexes combined was 43.39 ± 7.02 mm. The corresponding values for mean inter-incisal opening in male population aged 20-30, 31-40, 41-50 were 45.52 ± 7.15, 46.16 ± 5.47, 42.96 ± 6.82 mm and in female population aged 20-30, 31-40, 41-50 were 41.40 ± 7.08, 41.60 ± 6.29 and 40.03 ± 6.38 mm respectively. Conclusion- Maximal mouth opening differ significantly with gender. There is a decrease in MMO with older age group.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bronchodilator Effect of Salbutamol Delivered via MDI and DPI in COPD Patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Shrestha ◽  
R Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Dry Powder Inhaler ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Dose Inhaler ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total N ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading problems affecting majority of population all over the world which diminishes the quality of life of the individual and create extra burden to the society as well as country. Inhaled bronchodilator therapy is the mainstay of treatment in the management of COPD. Various inhaled [e.g. metered dose inhaler (MDI) /dry powder inhaler (DPI)] formulations are available and are widely used among the COPD patients in Nepal. Methodology : This is cross sectional prospective study, designed to compare the bronchodilating effect produced when salbutamol is delivered via two devices: MDI (Asthalin® from Cipla) and DPI (Asthalin® rotacap delivered via Rotahaler® from Cipla), in patients with stable COPD. It is proven by previous studies that intervention is necessary to improve the compliance of the patients; all subjects (total n=60; 30 in each group) are counseled and trained to follow correct inhaling technique through particular device. Then their improvements in lung function were measured with reference to the pulmonary function test based on spirometry. Results : Patients enrolled in each group were not statistically different regarding to age (P=0.318), weight (P=0.324) & BMI (P=0.836). Among the total subjects 87% had smoking history and 2% were still smoking and there was no signifi cant difference in smoking habit between the two groups (p-value 0.544 > 0.05). Similarly 91.6 % of the total had exposure to indoor air pollution which had been the major risk factor for COPD. Most of the patients were on stage II COPD (62%). Salbutamol was found to have no effect on vital statistics of patients. Study showed there was no significant difference in the improvement of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p=0.802), FVC (p= 0.693), FEV1 % (p=1) and PEF (p=0.448) between MDI and Rotahaler groups. Major side effect associated with the MDI users is headache (79%) while those among Rotahaler users were muscle cramps (79%). Even though intervention improved the inhaler using technique among the patients in both the groups, it was found even after counseling, DPI seemed to be better understood by the patients in comparison to MDI (p=0.003 & 0.00). In addition DPI was preferred by most of the patients who were familiar with both delivery systems. It was also found to be cheaper than the MDI. Conclusion : Overall evidence suggests that although both MDI & DPI improve the lung function of COPD patients to similar extent, DPI is cheaper and more preferred and can be easily handled by the patients which can result in reduction of non-compliance. Keyword : COPD; Salbutamol; DPI; MDI; Spirometry DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v6i2.3054 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2009 VI (2) 22-30

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN TINGKAT KONSUMSI DAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAH ANTARA PEROKOK DAN NON PEROKOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Dina Fahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Cigarette smoke contains nicotine which disturbs health. Nicotine is capable of reducing the taste of food, so  there is appetite suppressant. The ability of nicotine in increasing blood liposuction process can affect the increase in blood cholesterol level. The research aims to study the difference between food intake and blood cholesterol level between smokers and non-smokers. This study was a comparative observational analytic study using cross-sectional design. The data of particular  subjects and smoking habit were  obtained from the questionnaire. The food intake was obtained by interview using 2x24 hours food recall form while the blood cholesterol level was obtained by blood sampling which was then analyzed using laboratory test. The subjects were 13 smokers and 13 non-smokers, taken by simple random sampling. The data were analyzed by Independent t-Test. The results have suggested that the difference in the average  food intake and  blood cholesterol level between smokers and non-smokers were not significant. The substantial average difference was found in the level of cholesterol intake, so  the statistical test has showed a significant difference, p-value = 0.005 < α(0.05). Smoking has a harmful effect for health so  people must decrease its consumption or stay abstinent from it. The longer human get exposed to cigarette, the more susceptible they get the illness from it.

scholarly journals A study to develop and evaluate a need-based curriculum on addiction for students of madrasahs in a rural block of Hooghly district, West Bengal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4271
Author(s):  
Nazrul Mallick ◽  
Rabindra Nath Sinha ◽  
Indranil Saha ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta ◽  
Bobby Pal
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Life Style ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Educational Intervention

Background: Tobacco smoking habit is imbibed at a very early stage of life and once it is taken up it becomes very difficult to give up. In fact the vast majority of tobacco users worldwide begin the use of tobacco during adolescence. Objective of the study was to develop and evaluate a need-based training curriculum on healthy life style in terms of addiction for Madrasah students of rural West Bengal.Methods: It was a school-based health educational intervention study in rural area of Hooghly district, West Bengal among 189 Madrasahs students.Results: The mean pre-test knowledge score in study Madrasah was 6.06±2.69 and post test score was 10.83±1.69. The calculated t-value was 24.06 and p value was 0.00 with effect size 2.12 (Cohen’s D). The observed increase in the knowledge of consequences of smoking in the study Madrasah after the health education was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the knowledge of the control Madrasah on the health consequences associated with cigarette smoking in pre and post-test.Conclusions: As adolescent period is the ideal period to impart life-style related training it is obvious that vital opportunities are being missed due to lack of need-based training on life-style issues for this important population group. So, a well-designed need-based health educational intervention may play active role in bringing desired knowledge and behavior among the population group.

scholarly journals Reference intervals of Apo A-1 , Apo B and Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio in sample of macedonian population

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Svetlana Cekovska ◽  
Sonja Alabakovska ◽  
Katerina Tosheska ◽  
Danica Labudovic ◽  
Bojana Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Deviations

The disorders of serum concentration of Apolipoproteins A-1 and B (Apo A-1 and Apo B), as well as of Apolipoprotein B/Apoliporotein A-1 ratio (Apo B/ Apo A-1) are considered to be independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. It is recommended that each laboratory should asign its own reference intervals for Apo A-1 and Apo B, as well as for Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio, as these depend on the geographical location. For this purpose we determined the serum concentration of Apo A-1 and Apo B and we calculated the Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio in 122 healthy individuals from Macedonian population (70 women and 52 men), aged 18-60 years. We used commercial, standardized manual immunoturbidimetric assay (Randox). The obtained concentrations (x ± SD) were: Apo A-1 = 1.39 ± 0.28 g/l in the female population and 1.42 ± 0.27 g/l in the male population, Apo B = 0.95 ± 0.24 g/l in the female and 1.00 ± 0.23 g/l in the male population. The calculated Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio was 0.70 ± 0.17 in the female subgroup and 0.72 ± 0.18 in the male subgroup. Student's t-test detected no significant difference (p>0.05) in mean values for Apolipoproteins A-1 and B and for Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio between female and male subgroups, which lead to the conclusion that division according to sex is not necessary from diagnostic point of view. The Apo A-1 and Apo B concentrations estimated for the mixed group (N=122) were 1.40 ± 0.28 g/l and 0.97 ± 0.23 g/l. The Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio estimated for whole group was 0.71 ± 0.17. The type of distribution of values for Apo A-1, Apo B and Apo B/A-1 ratio was tested by calculating the values of coefficient of asymetry (Skewness), coefficient of flatness (Kurtosis) and standard deviations of these coefficients. The distribution of values was according to Gaussian curve for all three parameters. Therefore, according to the normal distribution reference intervals for Apo A-1, Apo B and Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio was estimated parametrically (mean ± 2 standard deviations). Reference intervals for Apo A-1 were 0.84 - 1.96 g/l, 0.51 - 1.43 g/l for Apo B and 0.37- 1.05 for Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio.

Effects of Apolipoprotein E Gene and Sex On Serum Lipid Profiles in Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Ting Bao ◽  
Ruwei Ou ◽  
Qianqian Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: The ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles of apolipoprotein (APO) E gene constitute a common polymorphism in most populations, among which the APOEε4 allele is known to increase both the susceptibility and severity of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and it is also associated with lipid profiles. High serum total cholesterol (TC) level in middle age has been proven to be a risk factor for AD and its related pathology. In addition, sex may alter the risk associated with the APOEε4 allele, and gender-specific APOE gene interactions can alter the response to anticholinesterase therapy. Therefore, sex is an important factor in studying the relationship between the APOE gene, lipid profiles and AD, and the underlying mechanism. However, there are few studies on whether there are differences in the effects of APOEε2 and APOEε4 on AD patients and healthy people of different genders, respectively.Material and methods: A total of 549 participants, including 298 AD patients and 251 body mass index (BMI)-matched health controls (HCs), were enrolled. Lipid profiles and APOE genes in both AD patients and matched controls were determined. The cognitive functions of the AD patients were evaluated using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Results: (1) The levels of TC and LDL in the AD group were higher than those in HCs. Subgroup analysis found that the AD patients with the APOEε4 allele had higher levels of TC and LDL than HCs carrying the APOEε4 allele, while in individuals without the APOEε4 allele. There was no significant difference in TG and HDL levels between the AD group and HCs. (2) The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers were higher than those in non-APOEε4 carriers. Subgroup analysis found that the increase of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers was found in the AD and female populations, but not in HCs and male populations. (3) The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε2 carriers were lower than those in non-APOEε2 carriers. Subgroup analysis found that the TC of APOEε2 carriers was lower than that of non-carriers in the male AD population, but not in the female AD population, female HCs, and male HCs. (4) The levels of TC, HDL and LDL in the female population were higher than the male population. (5) The increased LDL level may increase the risk of AD in female people carrying APOEε4.Conclusion: AD patients had higher TC and LDL levels than HCs, especially in the population with the APOEε4 allele. The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers were higher than those in non-APOEε4 carriers, especially in the female AD populations. The TC of APOEε2 carriers was lower than that of non-carriers, especially in male AD populations.

scholarly journals Female and Male Differences in Academic Achievement in Individuals With Cleft

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Persson ◽  
Magnus Becker ◽  
Amy L. Conrad ◽  
Henry Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Compulsory School ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The focus of this study was to determine if there is any significant difference in academic achievement for girls and boys with a cleft compared to the general population of Swedish students at graduation from compulsory school. Design: A retrospective population-based study using data obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register that was linked to the Swedish School–Grade Register. Participants: Two hundred seventy girls and 241 boys with cleft palate (CP), 222 girls and 429 boys with cleft lip (CL), and 299 girls and 531 boys with cleft lip and palate (CLP) were compared with the compulsory school population comprising 609,397 girls and 640,007 boys. Main Outcome Measures: (1) Odds of receiving the lowest grade and reduced odds in receiving high grades in Mathematics, English, and Swedish. (2) grade point average (GPA). Results: In all 3 subject grades, for boys with cleft there was no difference when compared to the male population. Girls with cleft were similar to their peers with a few exceptions. Girls with CLP had lower Math grades, and girls with CP had lower Math, English, and Swedish grades. Girls with CP and CLP achieved a significantly lower GPA in comparison to the female population and boys with CP and CL achieved lower GPAs in comparison to the male population. Conclusions: This study indicates that educational outcomes for girls with cleft are more negatively affected than for boys with cleft.

scholarly journals Frontal plane knee alignment among normal northern Nigerian adults: A radiographic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Suleiman Gwani ◽  
Eduitem Sunday Otong ◽  
Sani Abubakar Bello ◽  
Hamza Mustapha Ahmed ◽  
Dlama Zira Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Knee Alignment ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Right

Studies have shown that knee alignment parameters differ among races. However, to our knowledge, radiographic frontal plane knee alignment has not been studied in normal northern Nigerian adults. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the frontal plane knee alignment in normal northern Nigerian adults. This study recruited a total of 59 consented subjects (44 males, 15 females). The entire subjects are without any history of lower extremity deformity. Anteroposterior radiographs of both knees with the patella positioned straight ahead were obtained from each participant while standing in a relaxed bipedal stance and placing equal weight on each limb. Alignment was assessed by measuring the tibiofemoral angle (TFA), distal femoral angle (DFA) and proximal tibial angle (PTA). The angles were measured with the aid of a universal plastic goniometre and a plastic ruler. Descriptive statistics of the alignment parameters, independent and paired t-test were computed. In the male population, the mean (standard deviation) obtained were 179.06 (3.87)o for the TFA, 85.94 (3.03 o for the DFA and 89.27 (3.26)o for the PTA. In the female population, the values were 179.53 (3.38)o for the TFA, 86.40 (2.97)o for the DFA and 89.27 (2.15)o for the PTA. No significant mean difference was observed between genders in all the parameters. The TFA does not show any significant difference between the right and left angle regardless of gender. However, significant mean differences were observed in the DFA and PTA of males and combined population. No significant difference was observed in the DFA and PTA of females. Accordingly, northern Nigerian adults may have varus knee alignment compared to other races. Thus, this pre-existing varus alignment should be taken into consideration during clinical examination, preoperative planning and postoperative evaluations of knee deformities in this population.

scholarly journals Aspects of the life history of the Atlantic poacher, Leptagonus decagonus, in Svalbard waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Kristin Heggland ◽  
Camilla A. Meyer Ottesen ◽  
Jørgen Berge
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

Abstract The aim of the study is to describe aspects of the life history of the Atlantic poacher (Leptagonus decagonus) obtained during early October 2010 and late September 2011 from the Hinlopen Strait, located between Nordaustlandet and the Spitsbergen Archipelago. Length was measured for 142 individuals, and 82 out of these were weighed, sexed and the age in years determined. The sex distribution in the population was 45% females and 55% males. Gut content examination revealed the domination of the mesopelagic and hyper−benthic calanoid Bradyidius similis that was recorded in 87% of the stomachs analysed. Overall there was a significant difference in size (length and weight) between the sexes, and a difference in length and weight at age between the sexes. There was no difference in age distribution between the sexes, but there was a larger age range within the male population than in the female population. The sexual dimorphism in size is likely linked to different reproductive strategies. This study represents the first data on the life history of the Atlantic poacher in Svalbard waters.

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