scholarly journals ANALISIS EFISIENSI PENYALURAN AIR IRIGASI KAWASAN KEMUMU KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA (Tinjauan saluran sekunder)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Aditta Setio Rahayu ◽  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Besperi Besperi
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Channel ◽  
Channel Water ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seepage Channel ◽  
Loss Estimate

Irrigation efficiency is a major determinant in the system of scheme irrigation . Irrigation efficiency is assumed as part of water would be lost either in the channel or at the rice terraces. Water loss estimate in efficiency include loss of water efficiency tertiary and secondary level, water loss is influenced by the length of the channel, the surface area of the channel, the wet cross section and the position of groundwater. The analysis in this study is to calculate thevalue of the efficiency the secondary and the tertiary canals of irrigation of Kemumu, North Bengkulu. Efficiency is accounted based on the length of the channel, sectional area of wet channel, water velocity, water loss, evaporation and seepage channel. The water loss average of secondary channel is 26,12 mm3/sec. seepage average for secondary channel is 5,06 x 10 mm/day. Evaporation in one year is 0,05 mm/day. The results of this study stated that the efficiency of the secondary channel efficiently deliver water from the primary channel to channel tertiary the average of efficiency  is about 11,92%. The result of this analysis is expected that not efficient channels in Kemumu North Bengkulu can be fixed, so thewater that rice field needed can be fulfilled. The channels can be fixed with some ways, such as making theconcrete irrigation and doing the rutine maintenance.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pemberian Air Irigasi Saluran Sekunder Srengseng Hilir dari Bendung Tetap Cikarang Bekasi Laut

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Fahmi Fathul Bahri ◽  
Elma Yulius ◽  
Anita Setyowati Srie Gunarti
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Channel ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Irrigation Area

Cikarang Bekasi Laut (CBL) is a fixed-dam river-flow that flows through the building for upstream srengseng channel. Srengseng Hilir Secondary-Channel has 32 buildings for watering the rice fields in the Sukatani sub-district. The problem happened in the distribution of water when there is a loss of irrigation water due to infiltration of water into the soil where the soil is saturated. This causes a shortage of debit for field irrigation due to water loss in the secondary channel. The method used in Water Supply Evaluation of Irrigation Cikarang Bekasi Laut (CBL) for the Secondary Channel Srengseng Hilir D.I. Jatiluhur are the maximum discharge data, minimum discharge, and average discharge of the Fixed Cikarang Bekasi Laut (CBL) Dam in 5 year-period and calculating water requirements and water availability in D.I. Jatiluhur. Result showed that the P1 channel has an irrigation area of 105 ha and a channel length of 1906 m with an actual discharge of 2714 liters/sec and has irrigation efficiency of 5.71%. Channel P2 has an irrigation area of 106 ha and channel length of 1006 m with actual discharge of 1560 liters/sec and has irrigation efficiency of 6.11%. P3 channel has an irrigation area of 137 ha and 894 m channel length with an actual discharge of 175 liters/second and has irrigation efficiency of8.41%. Channel P4 has an irrigation area of 50 ha and a channel length of 951 m with an actualdischarge of 180 liters/second and has irrigation efficiency of 21.10%. Channel P5 has an irrigationarea of 71 ha and a channel length of 835 m with an actual discharge of 274 litters/sec and has irrigationefficiency of 37.97%. Channel P6 has an irrigation area of 74 ha and a channel length of 775 m with anactual discharge of 411 liters/sec and has irrigation efficiency of 63.79%.

Irrigation Volume, Application, and Controlled-release Fertilizer II. Effect on Substrate Solution Nutrient Concentration and Water Efficiency in Containerized Plant Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Groves ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Substrate Solution ◽  
Irrigation Volume ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract Rooted cuttings of Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid ‘Skogholm’ and seedlings of Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. ‘Goldsturm’ were potted into 3.8 liter (4 qt) containers in a pine bark:sand (8:1 by vol) substrate incorporated with 3.5 g (0.12 oz) N per container provided by one of the following five controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs): Meister 21N–3.5P–11.1K (21–7–14), Osmocote 24N–2.0P–5.6K (24–4–7), Scotts 23N–2.0P–6.4K (23–4–8), Sustane 5N–0.9P–3.3K (5–2–4) or Woodace 21N–3.0P–9.5K (21–6–12). Two hundred ml (0.3 in), 400 ml (0.6 in), 800 ml (1.1 in) or 1200 ml (1.7 in) of water was applied once daily (single) or in two equal applications with a 2 hr interval between applications (cyclic). Substrate solutions were collected from containers of cotoneaster 15, 32, 45, 60, 74, 90, 105, and 119 days after initiation (DAI). Irrigation efficiency [(water applied − water leached) ÷ water applied] was determined on the same days. Cyclic application improved irrigation efficiency at 800 ml (1.1 in) and 1200 ml (1.7 in) ≈ 27% compared to a single application. Irrigation efficiencies averaged over the season were 95%, 84%, 62%, and 48% for cotoneaster and 100%, 90%, 72%, and 51% for rudbeckia at 200 ml (0.3 in), 400 ml (0.6 in), 800 ml (1.1 in) and 1200 ml (1.7 in), respectively. NH4-N and NO3-N and PO4-P concentrations in substrate solution decreased with increasing irrigation volume regardless of CRF. Substrate NH4-N concentration decreased throughout the season with most CRFs below 5 mg/liter by 90 DAI. CRFs mainly affected substrate NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations when irrigated with 200 ml (0.3 in) or 400 ml (0.6 in). Substrate NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P solution concentrations were similar for all CRFs at irrigation volume of 1200 ml (1.7 in). Osmocote, Scotts, and Woodace maintained relatively constant substrate solution levels of PO4-P through 60 DAI. By 90 DAI, substrate PO4-P levels were similar regardless of irrigation volume or CRF. Substrate PO4-P concentrations were never in the recommended range of 5 to 10 mg/liter when irrigated with 800 ml (1.1 in) or 1200 ml (1.7 in) regardless of CRF. Solution pH remained in the recommended range of 5.0 to 6.0 for all irrigation volumes and CRFs throughout the entire study with the exception of Sustane.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Penyaluran Air Irigasi BKA Kn 16 Lam Raya Daerah Irigasi Krueng Aceh

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriani Asarah Bancin ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
T. Ferijal
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Secondary Channel ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

Abstrak. Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Krueng Aceh memiliki jaringan irigasi permukaan teknis untuk mengairi 7.450 ha lahan sawah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Peningkatan tekanan pada sumber daya air yang tersedia untuk irigasi dan kebutuhan lainnya, terutama selama musim kemarau, membutuhkan jaringan irigasi yang memiliki efisiensi yang tinggi untuk menyalirkan air irigasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi penyaluran dan jumlah kehilangan air di saluran sekunder dan tersier dari jaringan irigasi pilihan yaitu Jaringan Lam Raya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi penyaluran rata-rata untuk BKA Kn 16 Lam Raya adalah 52,47%. Rata-rata kehilangan air dan efesiensi penyaluran air di saluran sekunder berturut-turut adalah 0.048 m3/dtk dan 81,11%. Kehilangan tersebut disebabkan oleh penguapan 2,73 x 10-7 m3/dtk, rembesan 0,00212 m3/dtk dan faktor lainnya 0,04548 m3/dtk. Kehilangan air rata-rata di saluran tersier adalah 0.01 m3/dtk yang merupakan kehilangan akibat adanya penguapan 5,046 x 10-8 m3/dtk, rembesan 0,00033m3/dtk dan faktor lainnya 0,00994 m3/dtk. Hal tersebut menyebabkan efisiensi penyaluran air di saluran tersier sekitar 71,88%. Namun, kinerja jaringan irigasi masih dikategorikan baik karena memiliki efisiensi penyaluran air yang lebih besar dari 60%. Kehilangan air di saluran tersier sebagian besar disebabkan oleh banyak bagian dinding dan dasar saluran yang rusak, dan adanya vegetasi dan sedimen pada saluran yang memperlambat aliran air. Conveyance Efficiency Of Irrigation Water At BKA Kn 16 Lam Raya Krueng Aceh Irrigation Area Abstract. Krueng Aceh Watershed has technical surface irrigation network to irrigate 7.450 ha of paddy fields in Aceh Besar District. Increasing pressure on available water resources for irrigation and other needs, particularly during dry season, requires an irrigation network having a higher level of efficiency to deliver irrigation water. This study aims to determine the delivery efficiencies and amount of water loss in secondary and tertiary channels of selected irrigation network. Lam Raya network was selected for the study area. Results showed that average delivery efficiency for BKA Kn 16 Lam Raya was 52.47%. The average water loss and water delivery efficiency in secondary channel were 0,048 and 81,11%, respectively. The loss was caused by evaporation 2.73 x 10-7 m3/s, seepage 0.00212 m3/s and other factors 0.04548 m3/s. The average water loss in tertiary channels was 0,01 m3/s contributed by losses from evaporation 5.046 x 10-8 m3/s, seepage 0.00033 m3/s and other factors 0.00994 m3/s. It caused tertiary channel's water delivery efficiency was approximately 71,88%. However, performance of irrigation network was classified as good since it has water delivery efficiency greater than 60%.  Water loss in tertiary channel largely due to many parts of wall and base of the channels were broken, and the presence of vegetation and sediment in the channel slowed the water flow.

Effect of Combined Chitosan Coating and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Storability of Cold-Stored Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) Fillets

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 853-856
Author(s):  
Song Lin Li ◽  
Xiao Ming Chen ◽  
Xi Rong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Rice Field Eel ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Physical Changes

After being caught and filleted, fresh rice field eel fillets were impregnate with chitosan coating solutions, and then stored in modified atmosphere package (MAP) (60%CO2 + 40%N2) at 2 °C for up to 25 days to determine the chemical, biochemical and physical changes. Fillets were left untreated (CN), or were treated with chitosan coating (CC), or combined chitosan coating with MAP (CCM). Total plate count (TPC), trimethylamine (TMA-N), total volatile bases (TVB-N), pH, colour, water loss, colour changes and hardness were monitored periodically. The results indicated that coating and MAP treatments retard the decay of fish compared to untreated samples. CCM more efficiently inhibited the growth of TPC (2-2.6 Log reductions during Astorage) than did CN and CC. CCM treatments predominantly reduced chemical spoilage, reflected in TVB-N, pH, and TMA-N, retarded water loss and maintained colour and hardness.

Analysis of Water Loss Rate and Irrigation Efficiency in Irrigation Canal at the Dong-Jin District

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Eun-Mi Hong ◽  
Jin-Yong Choi ◽  
Won-Ho Nam ◽  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Jin-Kyu Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Water Loss Rate

Diagnostic Teaching in a High School

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
English Class ◽  
Structured Teaching ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe term ‘diagnostic teaching’ as used by Lerner is discussed. Most published material using this strategy concentrates on pupils and teachers in elementary schools. But diagnostic teaching procedures are possible in secondary schools and this paper presents an example of such teaching in a Year 9 English class. The particular girl in the study had a listening problem. One year of carefully structured teaching could not eliminate the years of failure that preceded this teaching, but sufficient progress was recorded to illustrate the value and possibilities of diagnostic teaching at the secondary level.

scholarly journals Dangerous degree forecast of soil and water loss on highway slopes in mountainous areas using RUSLE model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Shi Qi ◽  
Bin Liang ◽  
Junming Ma ◽  
Baihan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
One Year ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Many high and steep slopes have been formed by special topographic and geomorphic types and mining activities during the construction of mountain expressways. Severe soil erosion may occur under heavy rainfall conditions and pose a serious threat to road safety and the lives of residents. Therefore, the prediction of soil and water loss on highway slopes is important for the protection of infrastructure and human life. This work studies Xinhe Expressway, which is in the southern edge of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, as the research area. The revised universal soil loss equation is selected as the prediction model of soil and water loss on slopes. Moreover, geographic information system, remote sensing technology, field survey, runoff plot observation test, cluster analysis, and cokriging are adopted. The partition of the prediction units of soil and water loss on the expressway slope in the mountain area and the spatial distribution model of the linear highway rainfall are studied. In view of the particularity of the expressway slope in the mountain area, the model parameter factor is modified and the risk of soil and water loss along the mountain expressway is simulated and predicted under 20-year and one-year rainfall return periods. The results are as follows. (1) Considering natural watershed as the prediction unit of slope soil erosion can represent the actual situation of soil and water loss of each slope. The spatial location of soil erosion unit is realized, the accuracy of soil and water loss prediction results is improved, and the convenience of data management and maintenance in the later stage is guaranteed. (2) Analysis of the actual observation data show that the overall average absolute error of the monitoring area is 33.24 t · km−2, the overall average relative error is 33.96 %, and the overall root mean square error is between 20.95 and 65.64, all of which are within acceptable limits. The Nash efficiency coefficient is 0.67, thereby showing that the prediction accuracy of the model satisfies the requirements. (3) Under the condition of one-year rainfall, we find through risk classification that the percentage of prediction units with no risk of erosion is 78 % and that with mild soil erosion risk is 15.92 %. Results show that soil erosion risk is low and thereby does not affect road traffic safety. Under the 20-year rainfall condition, the percentage of units with high and extremely high risk is 7.11 %. In these areas, the risk of soil erosion is relatively large and mainly distributed on K109 + 500 − K110 + 500 and K133 − K139 + 800 sections. Even if only part of the sediment is deposited on the road, road safety will be affected. The prediction results can help adjust the layout of water and soil conservation measures in these units. This study provides not only a scientific basis for soil erosion prevention and control in mountain expressways but also a reference for the application of water and soil loss prediction and soil conservation planning.

scholarly journals The Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem Nexus in the Mediterranean: Current Issues and Future Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ad De Roo ◽  
Ioannis Trichakis ◽  
Berny Bisselink ◽  
Emiliano Gelati ◽  
Alberto Pistocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean is an area where the balance between water demand and abstractions vs. water availability is often under stress already, as demonstrated here with the Water Exploitation Index. In this work, model estimates on how different proposed measures for water resources management would affect different indicators. After a review of the current water resources status in the Mediterranean and the definition of indicators used in this study, aspects interlinked with water in the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems Nexus are briefly discussed, focusing on problems linked with water scarcity and depletion of groundwater resources as well as with climate change projections. Subsequently, the proposed measures for water efficiency are detailed—irrigation efficiency, urban water efficiency, water reuse and desalination—that might be effective to reduce the growing water scarcity problems in the Mediterranean. Their effects that result from the LISFLOOD model, show that wastewater reuse, desalination and water supply leakage reduction lead to decreased abstractions, but do not affect net water consumption. Increased irrigation efficiency does decrease consumption and reduces abstractions as well. We deduct however that the current envisaged water efficiency measures might not be sufficient to keep up with the pace of diminishing water availability due to climate change. More ambition is needed on water efficiency in the Mediterranean to keep water scarcity at bay.

scholarly journals Desain Pintu Air Sekunder Berbantu Komputer Untuk Daerah Irigasi Cinangka Kabupaten Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Risky Ramadan ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Secondary Channel ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Total Height ◽  
One Year

The most problem that occurs in Cinangka Irrigation Area is the not function of sluice and not used to properly regulate water of it. If the discharge regulator is not operated properly, the provision of irrigation water has the potential to be wasteful or lacking. The purpose of this study is to determine the discharge requirements for secondary irrigation water in Cinangka, produce a design of sluice in the channel and an estimated cost of manufacture. The study was conducted in the Cinangka Irrigation Area, Cibitung Tengah Village, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency. The study began from April - June 2020. The results obtained were known to be evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, and irrigation needs in the secondary channel of DI Cinangka per period of irrigation for one year. The largest Eto value occurred in September of 5.8 mm / day, the largest Cheff value occurred in November of 8.4 mm / day and the largest debit of needs occurred in March of 0.6 m3 / sec. Secondary sluice designed  manifold steel sluice with high specification and door width 1x 1 m, total height 2 m door, handlebar diameter 45 cm. Dratstick used is 1.5 inches. Estimated cost for making doors is IDR 7,085,000. These costs can increase depending on the manufacture location and manufacture services.

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