scholarly journals Accumulation of Reducing Sugars by Small-leaved Linden Flowers (Tilia cordata Miller, 1768) in the Voronezh Region of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
N. A. Dyakova ◽  
A. I. Slivkin ◽  
S. P. Gaponov ◽  
E. A. Bobina ◽  
L. A. Shishorina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Sugar Levels

Introduction. Small-leaved linden flowers are mainly used for aquatic extracts, and their pharmacological benefit is based on water-soluble polysaccharides.Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of accumulating all reducing sugars in small-leaved linden flowers, collected in agro- and urbo-cenoses of the Voronezh region.Materials and methods. 51 sites were selected for collecting flowers from the small-leaved linden, which is a widespread deciduous tree species in Russia. In order to determine the total level of reducing sugars in the samples, we measured glucose levels using the method described in Pharmacopeia article "Linden Flower". Correlation coefficients were analyzed to examine in detail the effect of the major pollutants (heavy metals and arsenic) on the accumulation of reducing sugars in small-leaved linden flowers.Results and discussion. All analyzed samples of medicinal plant raw materials were benign in terms of their reducing sugar levels. Samples collected in control (protected) areas contained reducing sugar levels 13.31 to 16.89 %, which is 6–8 times more than the lower numerical value established by the Pharmacopoeia article. In the agrocenoses of the region, the concentration of reducing sugars varied from 6.12 to 16.68 %, which is 3–8 times more than the value given in the Pharmacopoeia article. In the urbocenoses of the region, a lower level of reducing sugars was found compared to samples from protected areas (2.35–13.49 %). Correlation coefficients showed a noticeable negative impact of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, zinc, as well as a moderate negative effect of lead and mercury on the accumulation of reducing sugars in the small-leaved linden flowers.Conclusion. The lowest concentrations of reducing sugars were detected in samples harvested along the streets of large cities in the region, and along highways, roads and railways. This suggests that anthropogenic factors might negatively impact the accumulation of reducing sugars in small-leaved linden flowers in these areas. At the same time, it is possible that saccharide complexes might have reacted with heavy metals instead of the complexing agent when levels of reducing sugars in the samples were quantitatively determined. This would have the effect of underrepresenting reducing sugar levels in the raw materials.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF RADIOACTIVE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF MEDICINAL VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS OF THE GREATER BURDOCK (ARCTIUM LAPPA L.) ROOTS IN VORONEZH REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
N. A. Dyakova ◽  
A. I. Slivkin ◽  
S. P. Gaponov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
A Minor

Introduction. Radionuclides are recognized as one of the most dangerous pollutants of a surrounding medium in forces of their fissile migration on biological chains and influences on metabolism of alive organisms now. Aim. Studying of accumulation of radionuclides and polysaccharides in roots of a burdock big, collected in the territory of the Voronezh region in the areas which are influenced various anthropogenic influence and also an interrelation research between accumulation of these groups of substances. Materials and methods. The raw material was collected in the territory of Voronezh Region in the areas with different anthropogenic impact. Based on cartography the 36 points of the medicinal vegetable raw material samples collection were chosen in Voronezh Region. The subject matter was the roots of the Greater Burdocks as a wide spread perennial plant. The main artificial (Sr-90 and Cs-137) and natural (K-40, Th-232 and Ra-226) radionuclides as well as a concentration of the total amount of polysaccharides in terms of fructose and the total amount of gravimetrically determined polysaccharides were defined in the samples. Results and discussion. All the samples met the requirements of the pharmacoeial article of the artificial radionuclides content. A content of the total amount of polysaccharides in terms of fructose determined by spectrophotometry significantly varied in the root samples depends on their collection point. Thus, in protected reserved areas a content of the total amount of polysaccharides in term of fructose was 30-45 % high than in the samples from ecologically unfavourable areas. However all the samples also met the requirements of the pharmacoeial article of the total amount of polysaccharides in terms of fructose. A content of the polycaccharides close to the lower norm was found out in a sample collected in Povorino, while a content of the polycaccharides in terms of fructose significantly exceeded the normative standard in the rest of the samples. A content of gravimetrically determined water-soluble polysaccharides in the roots varied from 21,17 to 37,82 %. No noticeable anthropogenic effect on the accumulation of these substances was found. The samples from ecologically unfavourable and protected areas were little different from each other in a quantitative content of water-soluble polysaccharides. Conclusion. The correlation coefficients between the content of radionuclides and major groups of bioactive substances in the roots indicated that the radionuclides accumulated in the greater budock roots in a minor amounts and they did not affect the content of bioactive substances in plant raw material.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in medicinal plant raw materials of plain thousand, collected in urban and agribiocenoses of the Voronezh region

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Nina A. Dyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study contamination by heavy metals and arsenic of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region on the example of plain thousand-year-old grass collected in urban and agro-ecological systems with different anthropogenic effects. The study was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry on the basis of atomic absorption spectrometer MGA-915MD pharmacopoeia methods, accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic was studied in 51 samples of large planter leaves. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the common thousand, it can be argued that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. The thousand-year-old is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc, for example) if their environmental content is below some vital level; With significant content of these elements in soils, the plant also physiologically blocked their entry into the above-ground part of the plant. The results of studies have shown that plain thousand grass is able to accumulate toxic elements from soils in a significant amount, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing its quality.

scholarly journals Selection and Evaluation of 21 Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Breeding Clones for Cold Chip Processing

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wayumba ◽  
Hyung Choi ◽  
Lim Seok
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Chip Color ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Chip Processing ◽  
Sugar Levels

Quality evaluations in potatoes are of necessity to meet the strict demands of the chip processing industry. Important parameters assessed include specific gravity, dry matter content, chip color, reducing sugars, and glycoalkaloids. This study was designed with the purpose of identifying specialized potato clones with acceptable qualities for processing chips, in comparison with two selected control varieties, Dubaek and Superior. As a result, high dry matter and specific gravity were observed for three potato clones, and the quantified ά-solanine levels ranged from 0.15 to 15.54 mg·100 g−1 fresh weight (FW). Significant variations (p < 0.05) in reducing sugar levels were observed in clones stored at different temperature conditions. After reconditioning of the tubers at 22 °C for 21 days, a significant drop in reducing sugar levels was recorded. In addition, fried chips for each potato clone were evaluated, and the color measured on the basis of the Snack Food Association (SFA) chip color score standard. Reconditioned tubers exhibited much lighter and better chip color compared to their counterparts cold-stored at 4 °C. This study observed that for quality processing of potato chips, clones with combined traits of high dry matter, low levels of glycoalkaloids and reducing sugars, and acceptable chip color should be used as raw materials.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic with medicinal herbal raw material of common shovel harvested in Voronezh region

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Nina A. Dyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Voronezh Region

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and agriculture. The purpose of the research was to study the contamination with heavy metals of medicinal plant raw materials of the Voronezh region using the example of the roots of ordinary burdock, prepared in urbo- and agro-ecosystems, which have various anthropogenic effects on themselves. The accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic in 51 samples of raw materials was studied. By comparing the heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the roots of the bladder, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the roots of the bladder, which is especially noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. At the same time, this type of medicinal vegetal raw material is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals included in the active centers of enzyme systems (copper and zinc). Thus, for an ordinary bladder under conditions of anthropogenic load, an edaphotype is formed, which is as a result of selection in conditions of anthropogenic pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of sucrose in a holding solution on some processes associated with ageing of cut carnations

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Łukaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Sucrose Level ◽  
Exogenous Sugar

Vase-life of cut carnations and their response to a preservative (8-HQS+S) depended on the sucrose and reducing sugar content in the petals at the time of harvest. The reducing sugar level decreased in the wilted flowers kept in water and increased above the initial level in the carnations given sucrose in a holding solution. This increase in reducing sugars was small or 2-3 fold in the flowers with high and low initial sugar levels, respectively. Changes in the endogenous sucrose levels in the petals were less pronounced but a trend (i.e. increase-decrease) was also dependent on the initial sucrose level. Considerable sucrose accumulation was found in the leaves of plants placed in the solution of 5% sucrose plus 200 ppm 8-HQS. Use of an exogenous sugar in a holding solution prevented an increase in free amino acids in carnation petals, a symptom for flower ageing. Carnations placed in a preservative solution had a had anthocyanin content then the control flowers. Lower activities of acid phosphatases and RNases were found in the flowers placed in the solutions tested as compared to those kept in water.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in grass leonurus quinquelobatum gilib

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Nina Alekseevna Dyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

Annotation. The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study the contamination by heavy metals of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region on the example of the grass of the five-plant desert collected in urban and agro-ecological systems, which experience different anthropogenic effects. The accumulations of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic were studied, in 51 samples of five-layer desert grass. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the five-layer desert, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the generative organs of the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. The five-point desert is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc) if their environmental content is below some vital level; With a significant content of these elements in soils, the plant also physiologically blocked their entry into the leaves. Thus, for a five-layer desert under anthropogenic load conditions, an edaphotype is formed as a result of the action of selection under conditions of man-made pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions. The results of studies have shown that the grass of the five-plant desert is able to accumulate toxic elements from soils, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing its quality.

scholarly journals The effect of organosolv pretreatment on optimization of hydrolysis process to produce the reducing sugar

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fibrillian Zata Lini ◽  
Tri Widjaja ◽  
Nuniek Hendrianie ◽  
Ali Altway ◽  
Siti Nurkhamidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Organosolv Pretreatment ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Coffee Pulp Waste ◽  
Central Composite

As the fossil energy decrease such as petroleum and natural gas, that are encourages a lot of research to develop new sources of energy from renewable raw materials. One of the source is through reducing sugar (glucose and xylose) obtained from coffee pulp waste; this is due to abundant production of coffee pulp every year reaching 743 kg/ha. In addition, this waste has not been used optimally and the cellulose and hemicellulose content of the coffee is high. The purpose of this study is to get the optimal operating condition for reducing sugar production from coffee pulp waste. The method used for optimization is Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design. The optimum operation condition obtained was pH 4.63 at 34ºC for 16.29 hours of hydrolysis. As a result, the predicted yield gained was 0.147 grams of reducing sugars / gram of cellulose+hemicellulose. The result indicates the gained yield was 0.137 grams of reducing sugars / gram of cellulose+hemicellulose.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Arsenic by Medicinal Plant Raw Material of Bitter Hollow

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
Nina A. Dyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study the contamination by heavy metals of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region using the example of grass of the bitter emery collected in urban and agro-ecological systems, which experience various anthropogenic effects. The accumulations of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic were studied, in 51 samples of pooch grass bitter. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the pollen bitter, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the generative organs of the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. Pollen bitter is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc). Thus, for a moon bitter under anthropogenic load conditions, an edaphotype is formed, which is formed as a result of the action of selection in conditions of man-made pollution of the external environment and is a manifestation of adaptation to these conditions. The results of the studies showed that the grass of the bitter emery is able to accumulate toxic elements from the soil, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing their quality.

Controlled Release of Metformin Hydrochloride I. In vitro Release from Physical Mixture Containing Xanthan Gum as Hydrophilic Rate Retarding Polymer

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkura Ashrafi ◽  
Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Selim Reza
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Very High

Capsules of different formulations were prepared by using a hydrophilic polymer, xanthan gum and a filler Ludipress. Metformin hydrochloride, which is an anti-diabetic agent, was used as a model drug here with the aim to formulate sustained release capsules. In the first 6 formulations, metformin hydrochloride and xanthan gum were used in different ratio. Later, Ludipress was added to the formulations in a percentage of 8% to 41%. The total procedure was carried out by physical mixing of the ingredients and filling in capsule shells of size ‘1’. As metformin hydrochloride is a highly water soluble drug, the dissolution test was done in 250 ml distilled water in a thermal shaker (Memmert) with a shaking speed of 50 rpm at 370C &plusmn 0.50C for 6 hours. After the dissolution, the data were treated with different kinetic models. The results found from the graphs and data show that the formulations follow the Higuchian release pattern as they showed correlation coefficients greater than 0.99 and the sustaining effect of the formulations was very high when the xanthan gum was used in a very high ratio with the drug. It was also investigated that the Ludipress extended the sustaining effect of the formulation to some extent. But after a certain period, Ludipress did not show any significant effect as the pores made by the xanthan gum network were already blocked. It is found here that when the metformin hydrochloride and the xanthan gum ratio was 1:1, showed a high percentage of drug release, i.e. 91.80% of drug was released after 6 hours. But With a xanthan gum and metformin hydrochloride ratio of 6:1, a very slow release of the drug was obtained. Only 66.68% of the drug was released after 6 hours. The percent loading in this case was 14%. Again, when Ludipress was used in high ratio, it was found to retard the release rate more prominently. Key words: Metformin Hydrochloride, Xanthan Gum, Controlled release capsule Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

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