Diamonds Colour Measurements

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Shirokikh ◽  
Valery E. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Graphite Inclusions ◽  
Rule Evaluation

As a rule, evaluation of diamond colour is carrying out visually, because creation of the measuring devices is a complex problem due to influence of defects in diamonds (irregularity of coloration, cracks and graphite inclusions). And elimination of this influence is a very difficult task. In this work, an analysis of visual diamond colour evaluation methods and assessment of known devices for objective diamond colour measurements is carried out. As a result, an installation for measuring diamond colour is offered, which as much as possible meets the visual evaluation conditions.

Abstract 3426: Approximate Volume Using "XYZ/2" Is Equivalent to Planimetric Volume Mismatch Evaluation

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Luby ◽  
Jennifer Hong ◽  
José G Merino ◽  
John K Lynch ◽  
Amie W Hsia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Volume Measurements

Objectives: In the clinical setting, the extent of mismatch on MRI is frequently assessed with an approximate “XYZ/2” method but the agreement with the “gold standard” planimetric volume and the “visual evaluation” methods are not known. In a published study, we established that the visual evaluation and planimetric methods are equivalent as far as mismatch classification. The objectives of this study were to quantify the agreement of the approximate method with the “gold standard” and “visual evaluation” methods and to compare the mismatch classification results. Methods: Patients were selected from the Lesion Evolution of Stroke and Ischemia On Neuroimaging (LESION) database if they: had an acute ischemic stroke, were treated with intravenous rt-PA only, and had a pre-treatment MRI with evaluable maps including trace or isotropic b1000 DWI and MTT images. A trained rater viewed the images on the PACS, placed the two perpendicular linear measurements, “X” and “Y”, on the slices with the largest DWI and MTT lesion areas, and then used a “XYZ/2” formula where “Z” was the product of the slice thickness and the total number of slices containing the lesion. A separate expert rater measured the planimetric volumes on a slice-by-slice basis with a semiautomated segmentation tool followed by manual editing. Expert readers evaluated the MRI scans for the presence of qualitative mismatch. The expert readers were not the trained reader that performed the approximate volume measurements. Quantitative mismatch was considered present if MTT volume - DWI volume ≥50 ml. Mismatch classifications using the ≥ 50 ml definition were compared by constructing contingency tables. Results: A total of 194 patients met the study criteria and had median DWI and MTT planimetric volumes of 13.06 ml and 99.27 ml respectively. For both the DWI (n=170) and MTT (n=164), 94% of the measurements were within two standard deviations of the difference between the planimetric and approximate volume measurements. Comparing the planimetric and approximate volume measurements, the Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.855 and 0.886 for the DWI and MTT measurements respectively (p<0.01). Compared to the planimetric method, the approximate “XYZ/2” method had a high sensitivity (0.91), specificity (0.80), accuracy (0.86) and positive predictive value (0.85) to detect mismatch using the ≥ 50 ml definition. Compared to the qualitative method, the approximate “XYZ/2” method had a sensitivity (0.77), specificity (0.76), accuracy (0.77) and positive predictive value (0.87) to detect mismatch using the ≥ 50 ml definition. Conclusions: The approximate “XYZ/2” method is sufficient for classifying the presence of MRI determined mismatch in acute stroke patients and therefore is a potential tool when using MRI determined mismatch as an inclusion criteria for clinical trials.

scholarly journals Colour measurement of colostrum for estimation of colostral IgG and colostrum composition in dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef J Gross ◽  
Evelyne C Kessler ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Colour Measurement ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems ◽  
Cielab Colour

Instruments for on-farm determination of colostrum quality such as refractometers and densimeters are increasingly used in dairy farms. The colour of colostrum is also supposed to reflect its quality. A paler or mature milk-like colour is associated with a lower colostrum value in terms of its general composition compared with a more yellowish and darker colour. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between colour measurement of colostrum using the CIELAB colour space (CIE L*=from white to black, a*=from red to green, b*=from yellow to blue, chroma value G=visual perceived colourfulness) and its composition. Dairy cow colostrum samples (n=117) obtained at 4·7±1·5 h after parturition were analysed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) by ELISA and for fat, protein and lactose by infrared spectroscopy. For colour measurements, a calibrated spectrophotometer was used. At a cut-off value of 50 mg IgG/ml, colour measurement had a sensitivity of 50·0%, a specificity of 49·5%, and a negative predictive value of 87·9%. Colostral IgG concentration was not correlated with the chroma value G, but with relative lightness L*. While milk fat content showed a relationship to the parameters L*, a*, b* and G from the colour measurement, milk protein content was not correlated with a*, but with L*, b*, and G. Lactose concentration in colostrum showed only a relationship with b* and G. In conclusion, parameters of the colour measurement showed clear relationships to colostral IgG, fat, protein and lactose concentration in dairy cows. Implementation of colour measuring devices in automatic milking systems and milking parlours might be a potential instrument to access colostrum quality as well as detecting abnormal milk.

scholarly journals Proposta da Metodologia RAQS para avaliação visual da qualidade do solo (Proposal of RAQS methodology for evaluation of soil quality)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Rejane De Souza ◽  
Rogério Melloni ◽  
Gustavo Magno dos Reis Ferreira ◽  
Suemis Maria Parenti De Souza ◽  
Juliana Trevisan Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
New Method ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Soil Quality Monitoring

O monitoramento da qualidade do solo por meio de indicadores visuais é recomendado por diversos autores e pode ser utilizado em estudos relacionados à sustentabilidade de ambientes. No entanto, há diferentes metodologias que podem ser empregadas para esse monitoramento e uma análise comparativa das mesmas não tem sido relatada, dificultando sua padronização e emprego. O objetivo desse trabalho foi propor uma nova metodologia de avaliação visual da qualidade do solo. Dessa forma, foram aplicadas, neste estudo, cinco metodologias de avaliação visual em pastagens sob diferentes condições, que possibilitaram a elaboração e aplicação da nova metodologia denominada RAQS (Referência para Avaliação da Qualidade do Solo). Todas as metodologias possibilitaram a avaliação da qualidade do solo de forma fácil, rápida e sem custos, apesar da variação da sensibilidade. A metodologia RAQS mostrou-se útil, facilmente replicável e de grande sensibilidade na avaliação da qualidade do solo, englobando maior número de indicadores de solo, plantas e fauna, em relação às demais metodologias.  A B S T R A C T The soil quality monitoring through visual indicators is recommended by several authors and can be used in studies related to sustainability of environments. However, there are different methods that can be employed for this monitoring and a comparative analysis has not been reported, making it difficult to standardize and employment. The aim of this work was propose a new method of visual evaluation of soil quality. Thereby, in this study were applied five visual evaluation methods in pasture under different conditions, which contributed to the elaboration and application of the new method called RAQS (Reference for evaluation of soil quality). All the methods allowed the evaluation of the soil quality easily, quickly and free of charge, despite the variation of sensibility. The RAQS method proves useful, easily replicable and great sensitivity in the evaluation of soil quality, encompassing more indicators of soil, plants and fauna, in relation to the others. Keywords: Environments, Indicators, Soil management, Pasture.   

scholarly journals Detecting Pathogens of Verticillium Wilt in Winter Oilseed Rape Using ELISA and PCR – Comparison of the Two Methods and With Visual Stand Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Spitzer ◽  
Pavel Matušinsky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Match Rate

During 2013–2015, oilseed rape samples from various locations in the Czech Republic were analysed for the presence of Verticillium wilt. Samples were evaluated in the lab using ELISA and PCR as well as by visual evaluation during the samples collection. A comparison of detection match in individual methods also was made. ELISA and PCR matched in detecting Verticillium wilt in 60 % of cases. For practical use, a higher match rate would be necessary in cases where samples were to be analysed in various laboratories using only one of these techniques. The possibility was demonstrated to use kits as well as primers not targeted specifically to just Verticillium longisporum but recording both main species on oilseed rape (V. longisporum and V. dahliae). The match rates of lab analyses with visual evaluation of stand infection were surprisingly high at 62 % for ELISA and 77 % for PCR. All three stand evaluation methods matched in 56 % of cases.

Knowledge and Skills for Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Physiology for Speech

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Watterson ◽  
Lynn Marty Grames
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Speech Evaluation ◽  
The Relationship

The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) has developed Knowledge and Skills (KAS) recommendations for evaluation of the larynx and swallowing function but the evaluation of velopharyngeal (VP) function has never been addressed. This article will review previous documents that have addressed general endoscopic knowledge and skills and develop a case for a new KAS that specifically addresses visualization and evaluation of the VP mechanism. The new KAS document will delineate and explain the relationship between speech evaluation and visual evaluation of VP physiology. The unique skills required of the speech-language pathologist for this kind of evaluation will be discussed.

Complex Problem Solving and Worked Examples

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schmidt-Weigand ◽  
Martin Hänze ◽  
Rita Wodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Strategic Learning ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Worked Example ◽  
8Th Grade

How can worked examples be enhanced to promote complex problem solving? N = 92 students of the 8th grade attended in pairs to a physics problem. Problem solving was supported by (a) a worked example given as a whole, (b) a worked example presented incrementally (i.e. only one solution step at a time), or (c) a worked example presented incrementally and accompanied by strategic prompts. In groups (b) and (c) students self-regulated when to attend to the next solution step. In group (c) each solution step was preceded by a prompt that suggested strategic learning behavior (e.g. note taking, sketching, communicating with the learning partner, etc.). Prompts and solution steps were given on separate sheets. The study revealed that incremental presentation lead to a better learning experience (higher feeling of competence, lower cognitive load) compared to a conventional presentation of the worked example. However, only if additional strategic learning behavior was prompted, students remembered the solution more correctly and reproduced more solution steps.

The Prediction of Problem-Solving Assessed Via Microworlds

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Greiff ◽  
Katarina Krkovic ◽  
Jarkko Hautamäki
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Rule Knowledge ◽  
Rule Application ◽  
Fluid Reasoning

Abstract. In this study, we explored the network of relations between fluid reasoning, working memory, and the two dimensions of complex problem solving, rule knowledge and rule application. In doing so, we replicated the recent study by Bühner, Kröner, and Ziegler (2008) and the structural relations investigated therein [ Bühner, Kröner, & Ziegler, (2008) . Working memory, visual-spatial intelligence and their relationship to problem-solving. Intelligence, 36, 672–680]. However, in the present study, we used different assessment instruments by employing assessments of figural, numerical, and verbal fluid reasoning, an assessment of numerical working memory, and a complex problem solving assessment using the MicroDYN approach. In a sample of N = 2,029 Finnish sixth-grade students of which 328 students took the numerical working memory assessment, the findings diverged substantially from the results reported by Bühner et al. Importantly, in the present study, fluid reasoning was the main source of variation for rule knowledge and rule application, and working memory contributed only a little added value. Albeit generally in line with previously conducted research on the relation between complex problem solving and other cognitive abilities, these findings directly contrast the results of Bühner et al. (2008) who reported that only working memory was a source of variation in complex problem solving, whereas fluid reasoning was not. Explanations for the different patterns of results are sought, and implications for the use of assessment instruments and for research on interindividual differences in complex problem solving are discussed.

Visual Evaluation of Computer-Generated Textures

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Geri ◽  
Don R. Lyon ◽  
Yehoshua Y. Zeevi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evaluation
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