scholarly journals In the land of Iara, Iracema and Macyrajara, what health practices will I offer? Analysis of the trajectories and perspectives of health policies for indigenous peoples in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e44101118992
Author(s):  
Edson Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Bernardino Vitoy ◽  
Daniel Ignacchiti Lacerda ◽  
Damaris Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Central Position ◽  
South American ◽  
The North ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
North And South

There are indigenous people on the North and South American continents who dwelled there before the Portuguese, Spanish, French, English, or Dutch invasions. With the European colonization, much of the indigenous population was enslaved, Christianized, and decimated almost completely. Presently, besides everyday challenges, such as rights and access to the homeland, agribusiness clashes, and other threats, there is a precariousness in the management and provision of healthcare provided to the Amerindians. This paper aims to draw a timeline on the state of health of Brazilian indigenous people, identifying its subjects, assessing its contexts, and discussing the legal milestones. Indigenous health policies hold (or at least should hold) a central position in the provision of healthcare to the indigenous population wherein they offer integral, universal, and equanimous healthcare services. Despite this, the urge to recognize some fragility restrains the management and provision of the health policies for the indigenous people.

GEOMORPHIC RECORDS OF LITHOSPHERIC PROCESSES: CASE STUDIES IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Yanites ◽  
◽  
Nathaniel Mitchell ◽  
Brigid M. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
South American ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

RESOLVING SOURCE-TO-SINK DYNAMICS BY MULTI-PROXY DATA FROM THE NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Carrapa ◽  
◽  
Andrea Stevens Goddard ◽  
Scott Meek ◽  
Peter G. DeCelles
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
North And South

scholarly journals COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous people in Brazil: a nationwide register-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Santana Santos ◽  
Adriano Antunes Souza Araújo ◽  
Jarbas Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Black People ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The North ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected Black people and minority ethnic groups, but there are limited data regarding the impact of disease on Indigenous people. Herein, we investigated the burden of COVID-19 on the Indigenous population in Brazil. We performed a populational-based study including all cases and deaths from COVID-19 among Brazilian Indigenous people from 26 February to 28 August 2020. Data were obtained from official Brazilian information systems. We calculated incidence, mortality and fatality rates for the Indigenous population for each of the five Brazilian regions. Brazil had an incidence and a mortality rate of 3546.4 cases and 65.0 deaths per 100 000 population, respectively. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 1.8%. The Central-West had the higher estimates of disease burden among Brazilian Indians (incidence rate: 3135.0/100 000; mortality rate: 101.2/100 000 and CFR: 3.2%) followed by the North region (incidence rate: 5664.4/100 000; mortality rate: 92.2/100 000 and CFR: 1.6%). Governmental actions should guarantee the isolation, monitoring and testing capabilities of Indigenous people and rapidly to provide social protection and health facilities.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Madrean-Tethyan disjunctions and the North and South American amphitropical disjunctions in plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun WEN ◽  
Stefanie M. ICKERT-BOND
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the indigenous population of Brazil: A geo-epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josilene D Alves ◽  
André S Abade ◽  
Wigis P Peres ◽  
Jonatas E Borges ◽  
Sandra M Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Z Score ◽  
The North ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Indigenous Territories

SUMMARYThis study aimed to analyze the geographical distribution of COVID-19 and to identify highrisk areas for the occurrence of cases and deaths from the disease in the indigenous population of Brazil. This is an ecological study whose units of analysis were the Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts. Cases and deaths by COVID-19 notified by the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health between March and October 2020 were included. To verify the spatial association, the Getis-Ord General G and Getis-Ord Gi * techniques were used. High spatial risk clusters have been identified by the scan statistics technique. 32,041 cases of COVID-19 and 471 deaths were reported. The incidence and mortality rates were between 758.14 and 18530.56 cases and 5.96 and 265.37 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants, respectively. The non-randomness of cases (z-score = 5.40; p <0.001) and deaths (z-score = 3.83; p <0.001) was confirmed. Hotspots were evidenced for both events with confidence levels of 90, 95 and 99% concentrated in the North and Midwest regions of the country. Eight high-risk spatial clusters for cases with a relative risk (RR) between 1.08 and 4.11 (p <0.05) and two risk clusters for deaths with RR between 3.08 and 3.97 (p <0.05) were identified. The results indicate critical areas in the indigenous territories of Brazil and contribute to better targeting the control actions of COVID-19 in this population.

The Kinetic Empires of Native American Nomads

2021 ◽  
pp. 1035-1057
Author(s):  
Pekka Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
South America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
South American ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
And Control ◽  
North And South

This chapter re-examines the powerful nomadic-equestrian societies in the North and South American grasslands and makes the case for a distinctive imperial formation, the kinetic empire. Kinetic empires were shape-shifting, action-based regimes that turned mobility into an imperial strategy and revolved around mobile activities: long-distance raiding, seasonal expansions, transnational diplomatic missions, semi-permanent trade fairs, recurring political assemblies, and control over shifting nodes. Their governing systems were light and flexible, and they rose and stayed in power by capitalizing on their superior capacity to access and connect political and economic centers around them. The Comanche and Lakota Indians created the Western Hemisphere’s most prominent examples of kinetic empires in the North American Great Plains. In South America the Araucanians frustrated European colonizing efforts, commanded a large and expanding territory, and pulled other Native groups on their orbit, but lacked the Comanches’ and Lakotas’ strong collective identities and political unity.

RAPD analysis of the relationship of North and South American subspecies of Fragaria chiloensis

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Porebski ◽  
Paul M Catling
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
The North ◽  
Fragaria Chiloensis ◽  
Protection And Utilization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South

To improve the intraspecific classification of Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duchesne, 35 plants including 5 North American ssp. lucida, 15 North American ssp. pacifica, and 15 South American ssp. chiloensis were analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). From 100 primers screened, 12 were selected providing 62 scorable polymorphic bands. The phenogram (cophenetic correlation, r = 0.99) based on UPGMA clustering of Jaccard's coefficients revealed a clear division between North American and South American plants, but only partial separation was shown between the two North American subspecies. This is the first comprehensive molecular evidence for major genetic divergence between the North American and South American subspecies of F. chiloensis and suggests greater genetic variation within the Canadian material of the North American ssp. pacifica than within the South American ssp.chiloensis. These findings strongly support protection and utilization of wild Canadian Fragaria germplasm for crop improvement.Key words: strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis, ssp. chiloensis, ssp. pacifica, ssp. lucida, RAPD, variation, germplasm, Canada, United States, Chile.

X.—Geology of the Outer Hebrides. Part III.—North Uist and Benbecula

1926 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Jehu ◽  
R.M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Channel ◽  
Central Position ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Outer Hebrides ◽  
The Hill ◽  
North And South ◽  
Southern Extremity

Benbecula signifies “the hill of the fords,” and the island was so designated owing to the fact that there is on it only one hill of any prominence, and that it is connected with the larger islands to the north and south by fords passable only at low water. The origin of the name “Uist” is referred to in a previous communication.These islands occupy a central position in the Outer Hebrides, lying between South Uist and Harris. They are bounded on the west and north-west by the Atlantic Ocean; on the north-east by the Sound of Harris; on the east by the Little Minch, which at its narrowest part is about 16 miles broad; and on the south by a narrow channel separating Benbecula from South Uist. The area embraced in this communication extends from the Isle of Shillay in the north to the Isle of Wiay at the south-east corner of Benbecula, and includes not only the main islands of North Uist and Benbecula but also a number of smaller isles adjoining the main ones. Including the intervening channels, the total length from Shillay in the north to the southern extremity of Benbecula is about 28 miles.

scholarly journals 2-Nonanone is a Critical Pheromone Component for Cerambycid Beetle Species Native to North and South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weliton D Silva ◽  
Lawrence M Hanks ◽  
Judith A Mongold-Diers ◽  
Anna C Grommes ◽  
José Maurício S Bento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Testing ◽  
South American ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
Cerambycid Beetles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract An increasing body of evidence indicates that cerambycid beetles native to different continents may share pheromone components, suggesting that these compounds arose as pheromone components early in the evolution of the family. Here, we describe the identification and field testing of the pheromone blends of two species in the subfamily Cerambycinae that share 2-nonanone as an important component of their male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones, the South American Stizocera consobrina Gounelle (tribe Elaphidiini) and the North American Heterachthes quadrimaculatus Haldeman (tribe Neoibidionini). Along with 2-nonanone, males of S. consobrina also produce 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2-propanedione, whereas males of H. quadrimaculatus produce 10-methyldodecanol. Field bioassays conducted in Brazil (targeting S. consobrina) and Illinois (targeting H. quadrimaculatus) demonstrated that adults of both species were attracted only by the blends of both their pheromone components, and not to the individual components. The use of the pyrrole as a critical component for the former species is further evidence that this compound is a common pheromone structure among cerambycines in different biogeographical regions of the world.

scholarly journals High prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in the Xikrin of Bacajá (Kayapó) indigenous population in the brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliene Putira Sacuema Rodrigues ◽  
Isabella Nogueira Abreu ◽  
Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima ◽  
Dennyson Leandro Mathias da Fonseca ◽  
Sávio Felipe Gomes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reached the Brazilian Amazon and spread among indigenous populations. In the present study, we demonstrate a high prevalence of infection among the Xikrin of Bacajá people (Kayapó). A sample of 100 individuals of both sexes (51 men and 49 women) with ages ranging from 2 to 82 years were clinically evaluated and tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. Among all investigated individuals, 58 were IgG-reactive (58 %) by a rapid test, and 73 (73 %) were reactive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with no difference between sexes. Oxygen saturation ranged from 82 to 99 %, with the lowest value observed in a two-year-old girl. The results show that as expected, SARS-CoV-2 infection rapidly reached more than 70 % of the population, most likely because of the difficulties of maintaining social distance due to cultural characteristics. These results highlight the importance of indigenous health policies as a means of minimizing the impact of the pandemic on these communities.

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