scholarly journals Endocannabinoid System: behavioral modulation in murine models by Cannabinoids type 2 receptors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e356101321491
Author(s):  
Rayan Fidel Martins Monteiro ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Lebrego Nascimento ◽  
Klinsmann Thiago Lima ◽  
José Ramon Gama Almeida ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Santos Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects

In the last decades, the eCB system has been highlighted by its neuro and immunomodulatory effects. Beyond CB1R effects in Central Nervous System (CNS), CB2R target drugs has been showed to be promising to mitigation of neuroinflammatory diseases in mouse models. However, it remains unknow the effects of CB2R target drugs on behavior. Therefore, we review the effects of CB2R on behavior in murine models by Pubmed website, selecting studies between 2001 to 2021. In this sense, many studies has demonstrated the effects of overexpression, lack, activation or antagonization of CB2R on Aggressive behavior, Memory-associated behaviors, Mood disorders and Reward behavior. Similarly, it is not clear yet how the eCB system modulates the behavior through CB2Rs present in neurons. Thus, in mouse models, although the pharmacological treatment with CB2R target drugs seems to be promising for neuroinflammatory diseases, on behavior there are few answers about the pathways of this modulation, as well as, it is fundamental the development and/or the update of behavioral tests that evaluate many parameters, then expose better interpretations in these tests.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System Following Central Nervous System Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Haneen Noori ◽  
Ian Burkovskiy ◽  
J. Lafreniere ◽  
Melanie Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cns Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Neuro Inflammation ◽  
Later Phase

Central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as stroke or trauma, is known to increase susceptibility to various infections that adversely affect patient outcomes (CNS injury-induced immunodepression—CIDS). The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been shown to have immunoregulatory properties. Therefore, the ECS might represent a druggable target to overcome CIDS. Evidence suggests that cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) activation can be protective during the early pro-inflammatory phase after CNS injury, as it limits neuro-inflammation and, therefore, attenuates CIDS severity. In the later phase post CNS injury, CB2R inhibition is suggested as a promising pharmacologic strategy to restore immune function in order to prevent infection.

Neuropharmacological Profile and Chemical Analysis of Moroccan Ormenis mixta L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S64
Author(s):  
G. Hajjaj ◽  
A. Bahlouli ◽  
M. Tajani ◽  
K. Alaoui ◽  
Y. Cherrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Ormenis mixta L. is traditionally used for central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases. Its anti-stress properties have received attention in Moroccan traditional medicine and aromatherapy. However, no pharmacological studies have yet been undertaken on this plant in Morocco. The present study provides a preliminary phytochemical screening and psychopharmacological profile of the essential oil and aqueous extract from Ormenis mixta L. by using behavioral tests in vivo, at graded doses. The result of this research shows that Ormenis mixta L. was safe up to 2 g/kg b.w. (body weight) in the acute toxicity study, possesses potential psychostimulant effect, and has antianxiety and antidepressant-like activity. This activity profile of Ormenis mixta L. was similar to the typical psychostimulant, caffeine. The exact mechanism of action underlying this stimulant-like effect should be clarified with further detailed studies. These results explained the extensive use of Ormenis mixta L. as a traditional medicine in Morocco.

scholarly journals The Function of Selenium in Central Nervous System: Lessons from MsrB1 Knockout Mouse Models

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372
Author(s):  
Tengrui Shi ◽  
Jianxi Song ◽  
Guanying You ◽  
Yujie Yang ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Knockout Mouse ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase ◽  
Knockout Mouse Model ◽  
The Central Nervous System

MsrB1 used to be named selenoprotein R, for it was first identified as a selenocysteine containing protein by searching for the selenocysteine insert sequence (SECIS) in the human genome. Later, it was found that MsrB1 is homologous to PilB in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is a methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr), specifically reducing L-methionine sulfoxide (L-Met-O) in proteins. In humans and mice, four members constitute the Msr family, which are MsrA, MsrB1, MsrB2, and MsrB3. MsrA can reduce free or protein-containing L-Met-O (S), whereas MsrBs can only function on the L-Met-O (R) epimer in proteins. Though there are isomerases existent that could transfer L-Met-O (S) to L-Met-O (R) and vice-versa, the loss of Msr individually results in different phenotypes in mice models. These observations indicate that the function of one Msr cannot be totally complemented by another. Among the mammalian Msrs, MsrB1 is the only selenocysteine-containing protein, and we recently found that loss of MsrB1 perturbs the synaptic plasticity in mice, along with the astrogliosis in their brains. In this review, we summarized the effects resulting from Msr deficiency and the bioactivity of selenium in the central nervous system, especially those that we learned from the MsrB1 knockout mouse model. We hope it will be helpful in better understanding how the trace element selenium participates in the reduction of L-Met-O and becomes involved in neurobiology.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Role of Co-morbid Mood Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lecca ◽  
Luca Saba ◽  
Roberto Sanfilippo ◽  
Elisa Pintus ◽  
Michela Cadoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dsm Iv

Introduction/Objective: To study in severe carotid atherosclerosis (CA): the frequency of mood disorders (MD); the impairment of quality of life (QoL); the role of co-morbid MD in such impairment. Methods: Case-control study. Cases: consecutive in-patients with CA (stenosis ≥ 50%). Controls: subjects with no diagnosis of CA randomized from a database of a community survey. Psychiatric diagnosis according to DSM-IV made by clinicians and semi-structured interview, QoL measured by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results: This is the first study on comorbidity on CA disease and MD in which psychiatric diagnoses are conducted by clinicians according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (17.4% vs 2.72%, P <0.0001) but not Bipolar Disorders (BD) (4.3% vs 0.5%, P = 0.99) was higher in cases (N=46) than in controls (N= 184). SF-12 scores in cases were lower than in controls (30.56±8.12 vs 36.81±6:40; p <0.001) with QoL comparable to serious chronic diseases of the central nervous system. The burden of a concomitant MDD or BD amplifies QoL impairment. Conclusion: Comorbid MD aggravates the impairment of QoL in CA. Unlike autoimmune diseases or degenerative diseases of the Central Nervous System, CA shows a strong risk of MDD than BD.

scholarly journals CD93 regulates central nervous system inflammation in two mouse models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Immunology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Griffiths ◽  
Marina Botto ◽  
Bryan Paul Morgan ◽  
James W. Neal ◽  
Philippe Gasque
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Central Nervous System Inflammation
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