scholarly journals Geotechnology applied to land classification in areas of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e28510615927
Author(s):  
Nivaldo Schultz ◽  
Kellis Fernanda Amancio Moreira ◽  
Isabela Beatriz Pereira da Cruz ◽  
Pedro Araújo Garcia ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Souza Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Land Classification ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The objective of this study was to classify the lands of a micro-watershed located in the Atlantic forest biome, in a region of rough relief, in the use capacity system using geotechnology resources and indicate uses for the lands according to their suitability. The theoretical basis of the Manual for Utilitarian Survey and Classification of Land in the Use Capacity System with adaptations for areas of rough relief was adopted. The study was carried out from the survey of topographic information to construct the altimetric map of the watershed, followed by the survey of the physical environment, especially water erosion, description of soil profiles and collection of samples. The parameters effective depth, texture, permeability, slope, erosion, fertility, and land use were evaluated. Based on the pedological data and on the use of applied geotechnology, the soil map was created, and the lands of the watershed were classified and mapped in the use capacity system. After interpretation of the survey products, it was verified that in rough relief, slope is the predominant factor to determine the classes of land use, as it outweighs the other parameters evaluated. Land classification land with the use capacity system promotes optimization in the use of areas with agricultural areas and preservation of those destined for conservation.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood land use features, collective efficacy and local civic actions

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2372-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Corcoran ◽  
Renee Zahnow ◽  
Rebecca Wickes ◽  
John Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Civic Action ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Demographic Context

This paper explores the association between neighbourhood land use features and informal social control. More specifically, we examine the extent to which such features in combination with the socio-demographic context of the neighbourhood facilitate or impede collective efficacy and local civic actions. We achieve this through spatially integrating data from the census, topographic databases and a 2012 survey of 4132 residents from 148 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. The study creates a new classification of a neighbourhood’s physical environment by creating novel categories of land use features that depict social conduits, social holes and social wedges. Social conduits are features of the neighbourhood that facilitate interaction between individuals, social holes are land uses that create situations where there is no occupancy, and social wedges are features that carve up neighbourhoods. We find some evidence to suggest that residents’ reports of collective efficacy are higher in neighbourhoods with a greater density of social conduits. Density of social conduits is also positively associated with local civic action. However, in neighbourhoods with more greenspace, residents are less likely to engage in local civic actions.

A new species of Mydrosoma Smith with a key to Brazilian species of the genus and a discussion on the classification of the Dissoglottini (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2105 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO A. SILVEIRA ◽  
RODERIC B. MARTINES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Transverse Band ◽  
A New Species

Mydrosoma sabarensis sp. n. is described from the Atlantic Forest Domain of southeastern Brazil. Two females and one male were collected on flowers of Serjania sp. (Sapindaceae) in the state of Minas Gerais. An additional female is from Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo state. The female M. sabarensis is about 12 mm long, robust, with predominantly black pubescence but with a wide transverse band of white hairs on the anterior margin of the mesoscutum and yellow lateral bands on T2–T4. The male, about 11 mm long, has pale-fulvous pilosity on the mesosoma and marginal bands on T1–T4, with terga blackish pubescent basally. A key to the five species of Mydrosoma known to occur in Brazil is presented and the classification of the Dissoglottini is discussed. Aspects of foraging and of possible mimicry are also discussed.

scholarly journals Drivers of change in biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Cantareira System Protected Area: A prospective analysis of the implementation of public policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Dib ◽  
Marco Aurélio Nalon ◽  
Nino Tavares Amazonas ◽  
Cristina Yuri Vidal ◽  
Iván A. Ortiz-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Law ◽  
Forest Code

Abstract: The lack of implementation of well-designed public policies aimed at the conservation of natural ecosystems has resulted, at a global level, in the decline of ecosystem functioning and, consequently, of the contributions they make to people. The poor enforcement of important environmental legislation in Brazil - for instance, the “Atlantic Forest Law” (Law n.11.428/2006) and the “Forest Code” (Law n.12.651/2012) - could compromise the overall maintenance of ecosystems and the services they provide. To explore the implications of different levels of federal laws’ enforcement within the Cantareira System Protected Area (PA) - a PA in southeastern Brazil that provides fresh water for 47% of the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area -, we developed a conceptual framework to identify indirect and direct drives of biodiversity and ecosystem changes. We also projected four land-use scenarios to 2050 to test the effects of deforestation control and forest restoration practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services maintenance: the “business-as-usual” scenario (BAU), which assumes that all trends in land-use cover changes observed in the past will continue in the future, and three alternative exploratory scenarios considering the Atlantic Forest Law implementation, the partial implementation of the Forest Code and the full implementation of the Forest Code. Using the land-use maps generated for each scenario, we assessed the impacts of land-use changes on biodiversity conservation and soil retention. Our results revealed all alternative scenarios could increase biodiversity conservation (by 7%; 12%; and 12%, respectively), reduce soil loss (by 24.70%; 34.70%; and 38.12%, respectively) and sediment exportation to water (by 27.47%; 55.06%; and 59.28%, respectively), when compared to the BAU scenario. Our findings highlight the importance of restoring and conserving native vegetation for the maintenance and improvement of biodiversity conservation and for the provision of ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Land use capacity and environment services

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Lucas Emanuel Servidoni ◽  
Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes Ayer ◽  
Marx Leandro Naves Silva ◽  
Velibor Spalevic ◽  
Ronaldo Luiz Mincato
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Cationic Exchange

The increasing demand for food resulting from demographic growth has required more productive agropastoral practices. Consequently, new areas were selected for agropastoral production in an arbitrary way, disregarding land use capacity. This ends up in acceleration of degradation processes, mainly those related to water erosion. In this context, the system of land use capacity proposes the classification of maximum use allowed for land of a rural property or of a hydrographic sub-basin, in an attempt to make sustainable plans of use and management of natural resources. Concerning current use of land, the system indicates the sites where there are conflicts in use in relation to their use capacity. Thus, it is possible to propose measures to adapt land use to its use capacity. Therefore, in this study, the classes of land use capacity at the hydrographic sub-basin of Córrego Pedra Branca, in Alfenas, in the state of Minas Gerais, were evaluated. For that purpose, the following soil parameters were evaluated: effective depth, water permeability, texture, declivity, erosion class, base saturation, effective and potential cationic exchange capacity, and aluminum saturation. Soil analyses presented values of base saturation and of low capacity of effective and potential cationic exchange, which illustrate the low natural fertility of these soils, as well as aluminum saturation level harmful to most cultures. Thus, land use would be restricted to low impact, permanent crops, silvicultures, associated agrosilvipastoral system with conservationist management techniques, as, for example, direct seeding, soil correction and fertilization, and reforestation of permanent preservation areas

scholarly journals Land-use effect on hydropedology in a mountainous region of Southeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Campos Pinto ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽  
Lloyd Darrell Norton ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva ◽  
Luís Renato Silva Taveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Montane Tropical Forest ◽  
Southeastern Region

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the Mantiqueira Range, southeastern region, shelters the last remnants of the ecologically important Upper Montane Tropical Forest. since extensive exploration that has been taking place in this biome for decades, the influence of land-use changes on hydropedology in these areas must be investigated once major land-use changes have been observed. This study aims to evaluate the land-use influence on soil drainable porosity (SDP) in a headwater watershed located in the Mantiqueira Range region, and to validate the proposed methods based on micromorphological and hydrological indicators. The native vegetation of the study area is Atlantic forest that occupies 62% of the area, and the remaining 38% has been used for pasture. Thirty nine combinations of environmental variables were tested, each one generating a map for predicting SDP. The performance of the spatial prediction of SDP was assessed using 20% of the data from the total number of samples collected throughout the watershed. The least values of SDP are due to the process of removal of native forest and replacement by pasture. Areas with high to moderate SDP are associated with native forest fragments demonstrating the effects of the Atlantic Forest on the water infiltration and groundwater recharge processes, given by the greater contribution of baseflow in a forested catchment located within the studied watershed. The analysis of soil micromorphological images provided useful supporting information on the soil porosity system and along with hydrological properties of the watershed helped understand the SDP behavior on subsurface and groundwater storage capacity.

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF USE LAND IN CONDITIONS OF INFRINGEMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Oksana Sakal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Land User ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Welfare Theory

The article is devoted doctrinal issues of environmental and economic effectiveness of use land in conditions of infringement of institutional transformations. The modern approaches to the definition of content of ecological and economic effectiveness of land use are analyzed. It is established that the overwhelming majority of domestic researchers interpret this notion regarding the use of agricultural land or farm land. It is proved that such an approach is justified, taking into account the structure of the land fund of Ukraine. However, this reduces other goals of the land user and functions of the land. It is proposed to investigate the category of ecological and economic effectiveness of land use in accordance with the provisions of the ecological economics, social welfare theory, and concept of total economic value. Based on the classification of land functions, the criteria of selection material content and social form of ecological and economic effectiveness of land use are determined.

scholarly journals Topoclimate Mapping Using Landsat ETM+ Thermal Data: Wolin Island, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2712
Author(s):  
Marta Ciazela ◽  
Jakub Ciazela
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Boundary Layer Processes ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Glacial Landforms ◽  
Climatic Pattern

Variations in climatic pattern due to boundary layer processes at the topoclimatic scale are critical for ecosystems and human activity, including agriculture, fruit harvesting, and animal husbandry. Here, a new method for topoclimate mapping based on land surface temperature (LST) computed from the brightness temperature of Landsat ETM+ thermal bands (band6) is presented. The study was conducted in a coastal lowland area with glacial landforms (Wolin Island). The method presented is universal for various areas, and is based on freely available remote sensing data. The topoclimatic typology obtained was compared to the classical one based on meteorological data. It was proven to show a good sensitivity to changes in topoclimatic conditions (demonstrated by changes in LST distribution) even in flat, agricultural areas with only small variations in topography. The technique will hopefully prove to be a convenient and relatively fast tool that can improve the topoclimatic classification of other regions. It could be applied by local authorities and farmer associations for optimizing agricultural production.

scholarly journals Relating environmental variables with aquatic community structure in an agricultural/urban coldwater stream

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Myers ◽  
Richard R. Rediske ◽  
James N. McNair ◽  
Aaron D. Parker ◽  
E. Wendy Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract Background Urban areas are often built along large rivers and surrounded by agricultural land. This may lead to small tributary streams that have agricultural headwaters and urbanized lower reaches. Our study objectives assessed are as follows: (1) landscape, geomorphic, and water quality variables that best explained variation in aquatic communities and their integrity in a stream system following this agricultural-to-urban land use gradient; (2) ways this land use gradient caused aquatic communities to differ from what would be expected for an idealized natural stream or other longitudinal gradients; and (3) whether the impacts of this land use gradient on aquatic communities would grow larger in a downstream direction through the agricultural and urban developments. Our study area was an impaired coldwater stream in Michigan, USA. Results Many factors structured the biological communities along the agricultural-to-urban land use gradient. Instream woody debris had the strongest relationship with EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) abundance and richness and were most common in the lower, urbanized watershed. Fine streambed substrate had the strongest relationship with Diptera taxa and surface air breather macroinvertebrates and was dominant in agricultural headwaters. Fish community assemblage was influenced largely by stream flow and temperature regimes, while poor fish community integrity in lower urban reaches could be impacted by geomorphology and episodic urban pollution events. Scraping macroinvertebrates were most abundant in deforested, first-order agricultural headwaters, while EPT macroinvertebrate richness was the highest downstream of agricultural areas within the urban zone that had extensive forest buffers. Conclusion Environmental variables and aquatic communities would often not conform with what we would expect from an idealized natural stream. EPT richness improved downstream of agricultural areas. This shows promise for the recovery of aquatic systems using well-planned management in watersheds with this agricultural-to-urban land use pattern. Small patches of forest can be the key to conserving aquatic biodiversity in urbanized landscapes. These findings are valuable to an international audience of researchers and water resource managers who study stream systems following this common agricultural-to-urban land use gradient, the ecological communities of which may not conform with what is generally known about land use impacts to streams.

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