scholarly journals Quality of water treated with Moringa oleifera Lam seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e164943041
Author(s):  
Semirames do Nascimento Silva ◽  
Eliezer da Cunha Siqueira ◽  
Josivanda Palmeira Gomes ◽  
Roberta de Oliveira Sousa Wanderley ◽  
Polyana Barbosa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade química e microbiológica da água de cisternas antes e após o tratamento com sementes de Moringa ou leifera Lam. Como sementes de moringa usadas no trabalho foram compostas no município de Cajazeiras. O coagulante da moringa foi usado em meio aquoso. A água filtrada na obra veio de cisternas construídas no assentamento de Santo Antônio, município de Cajazeiras. A água utilizada foi analisada antes e após o tratamento.Uma análise dos parâmetros: pH, condutividade elétrica, alcalinidade total, provável resíduo e total de dissolvidos foi realizada no Laboratório de Água e Solo e no Laboratório de Microbiologia do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Campus da Paraíba, análises de coliformes fecais e Escherichia coli foram mantidos. Todas as estatísticas de substâncias químicas mostram diferenças antes e depois do tratamento. Os controles C1 e C5 apresentam presença de Escherichia coli , os demais são causados pela E. coli .

scholarly journals Multiplex Fluorogenic Real-Time PCR for Detection and Quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Wastewater Wetlands

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 4853-4862 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mark Ibekwe ◽  
Pamela M. Watt ◽  
Catherine M. Grieve ◽  
Vijay K. Sharma ◽  
Steven R. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Plate Counts

ABSTRACT Surface water and groundwater are continuously used as sources of drinking water in many metropolitan areas of the United States. The quality of water from these sources may be reduced due to increases in contaminants such as Escherichia coli from urban and agricultural runoffs. In this study, a multiplex fluorogenic PCR assay was used to quantify E. coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, cow and calf feces, and dairy wastewater in an artificial wetland. Primers and probes were designed to amplify and quantify the Shiga-like toxin 1 (stx1) and 2 (stx2) genes and the intimin (eae) gene of E. coli O157:H7 in a single reaction. Primer specificity was confirmed with DNA from 33 E. coli O157:H7 and related strains with and without the three genes. A direct correlation was determined between the fluorescence threshold cycle (CT ) and the starting quantity of E. coli O157:H7 DNA. A similar correlation was observed between the CT and number of CFU per milliliter used in the PCR assay. A detection limit of 7.9 × 10−5 pg of E. coli O157:H7 DNA ml−1 equivalent to approximately 6.4 × 103 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 ml−1 based on plate counts was determined. Quantification of E. coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, feces, and wastewater was possible when cell numbers were ≥3.5 × 104 CFU g−1. E. coli O157:H7 levels detected in wetland samples decreased by about 2 logs between wetland influents and effluents. The detection limit of the assay in soil was improved to less than 10 CFU g−1 with a 16-h enrichment. These results indicate that the developed PCR assay is suitable for quantitative determination of E. coli O157:H7 in environmental samples and represents a considerable advancement in pathogen quantification in different ecosystems.

scholarly journals Physicochemical quality of and Escherichia coli resistance profiles in urban surface waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
I. Malagi ◽  
S. C. Sampaio ◽  
F. G. S. Pinto ◽  
D. M. Rosa ◽  
R. R. dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
National Environment ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

Abstract Aquatic ecosystems of urban rivers are contaminated through waste disposal, which poses a public health problem. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of water used for recreation and public supply of six rivers in the city of Cascavel - Paraná, including Cascavel, Quati, Bezerra, Antas, Clarito and Amambay. Samples were collected every 4 months in 2017, and their physicochemical and microbiological parameters, as well as resistance profiles of strains of Escherichia coli to antimicrobials distributed by pharmacies of the primary healthcare network, were evaluated. Parameters such as water temperature, turbidity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms showed significant differences. The allowed limit for thermotolerant coliforms, which was set by National Environment Council, Resolution 357/2005, was exceeded in all of the six analyzed rivers. It was determined that 48.1% of E. coli strains showed resistance to nine antimicrobial tested. The highest levels of resistance were found for ampicillin (27.7%), tetracycline (27.7%) and amoxicillin (24.0%). The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the hazards associated with the contamination of springs in urban centers with wastewater containing resistant bacteria. Therefore, recovery work is necessary in these areas because of the importance of these water sources for the entire western region of Paraná state.

scholarly journals SEMENTES DE Moringa oleífera Lam: EFICIÊNCIA NO USO DE COAGULANTE BIOLÓGICO NO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA COM TURBIDEZ, COMPARADO AO COAGULANTE QUÍMICO SULFATO DE ALUMÍNIO

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Maiara Luzia Grigoli OLIVIO ◽  
Elizângela Flávia Jacob ESTEVES ◽  
Dagmar Aparecida de Marco FERRO
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Comumente o sulfato de alumínio é o coagulante químico utilizado nas Estações de Tratamentos para a clarificação da água, embora produza um lodo tóxico de difícil deposição no ambiente. No entanto, os coagulantes naturais como sementes de Moringa oleífera Lam. têm demonstrado vantagens para tratamento em comparação aos químicos, pela simplicidade de uso e baixo custo. O estudo objetivou analisar a eficiência coagulante da semente de Moringa oleífera na clarificação de água com turbidez e comparar com os parâmetros do coagulante químico sulfato de alumínio. As amostras de água foram coletadas no Córrego Jacu Queimado e as sementes colhidas em um plantio da própria espécie. Foram realizados, em laboratório, etapas sequenciais do experimento: comparação da eficiência da semente verde e seca, determinação da concentração e tempo de exposição da semente à água, comparação de agitação manual e magnética entre elas e do coagulante biológico com o químico, sendo analisados os aspectos físico, químico e biológico antes e após a adição de ambos. Observou-se que apenas a semente seca realiza a clarificação da água em comparação com os resultados das análises da água clarificada com o sulfato, determinando-se que 5 sementes são eficazes para tratar 1 litro de água com turbidez de até 25,0 NTU, considerando-se mais relevante a agitação manual para o efeito de coagulação e o aguardo de 2 horas para o término da decantação. Conclui-se, que a semente de Moringa é um coagulante biológico que se apresenta como alternativa para o tratamento de água com turbidez, porém, ainda não é indicada para a potabilidade. É preciso dar continuidade ao tratamento em busca de processos que visam melhorar a qualidade da água para aproximar-se aos parâmetros aceitáveis para o consumo humano.   Moringa oleífera Lam SEEDS: EFFICIENT USE OF BIOLOGICAL COAGULANT FOR WATER TURBIDITY TREATMENT, COMPARED TO ALUMINUM SULFATE CHEMICAL COAGULANT   ABSTRACT Aluminum sulfate is a chemical coagulant commonly used at Water Treatment Plants for water clarification, although it produces a toxic sludge of difficult deposition in the environment. However, natural coagulants such as Moringa oleíferaLam seeds have evidenced the advantages for the treatment when compared to chemicals, due to either their simplicity in and low cost.  This research aims at reviewing the efficient use of   Moringa oleífera seeds as coagulants for turbid water clarification as well as comparing the parameters of aluminum sulfate chemical coagulants. The water samples were collected at Córrego Jacu Queimado and the seeds were harvested from a crop of its own species. Sequential steps were performed in the lab for this experiment: Comparison of green and dry seeds efficiency, concentration and time of exposition of the seed to water measurements, comparison of manual and magnetic stirring among them and among biological and chemical coagulants, being analyzed physical, chemical and biological aspects before and after adding both of them. It was observed that only the dry seed enables water clarification when comparing the analysis results to sulfate water clarification, it was ascertained that 5 seeds are efficient to treat a liter of 25,0 NTU turbidity in water, considering as more relevant manual stirring for coagulation effect after a two-hour rest for decantation completion. It was concluded that Moringa seed is a biological coagulant presented as an alternative for turbid water treatment, although it is not indicated for drinkability. Further treatment is necessary in order to keep searching for processes that target to improve the quality of water and meeting acceptable parameters for water consumption.   Keywords: Biological Coagulant. Chemical Coagulant. Efficiency. Water Clarification. Comparative Parameters.

scholarly journals Microbiological and Biochemical Contamination Analysis of Refilled Drinking-water in Abeli, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-9
Author(s):  
Juminten Saimin ◽  
Hartati Hartati ◽  
Yenti Purnamasari ◽  
Sufiah Asri Mulyawati ◽  
Tien Tien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Water Catchment ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

BACKGROUND: The access to safe drinkingwater is increasingly difficult, especially in water catchment or coastal areas. Due to the difficulty, people in coastal areas tend to consume ready-to-use refilled drinking-water. However, the sanitation facilities on most drinking-water refill depots do not meet the requirements, hence really prone to microbial contamination. We conducted this study to determine the types of bacteria causing the contamination of refilled drinking-water from refill depots in Abeli, a coastal area in Kendari.METHODS: Samples were collected from all 6 drinkingwater refill depots in Abeli. Three-series fermentation tubes were used for the microbiological test, including the presumptive, confirmative and completed tests. The biochemical test was performed with indole test, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test, and citrate utilization test (IMViC) methods and the triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) test.RESULTS: Among 6 refilled drinking-water samples, we found the growth of coliform bacterial colonies in 3 samples, exhibiting various characteristics. Based on the characteristics, both microbiological and biochemical, the identified bacteria were Proteus sp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca.CONCLUSION: Bacteria that contaminated refilled drinking-water in Abeli were Proteus sp., E. coli and K. oxytoca. Continuous supervision is required to ensure the quality of water from drinking-water refill depots.KEYWORDS: bacteria, Proteus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, coastal areas, refilled drinking water

Application of Moringa oleifera Lam. fractionated proteins for inactivation of Escherichia coli from water

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Masala R. Silveira ◽  
Aline Takaoka A. Baptista ◽  
Tatiane V. Dutra ◽  
Benício Alves de Abreu Filho ◽  
Raquel G. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Saline Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Seed Extracts ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Abstract Chemical products traditionally used in the disinfection of water bodies often pose human health risks. For this reason, studies on natural coagulants such as Moringa oleifera Lam. represent an alternative for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, among which is Escherichia coli. This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of coagulants obtained from Moringa seed extracts and their protein fractions in the inactivation of E. coli during the coagulation/flocculation process. The coagulants studied were the aqueous extract, saline extract and protein fractions albumin and globulin, highlighting that the protein fractions were more effective on inactivating E. coli. The protein fraction globulin at a concentration of 10.0 mg L−1 showed bactericidal effects against E. coli within 18 min, whereas the albumin showed a bacteriostatic effect within 48 min because it isolated colonies in the sediment sample.

scholarly journals Evidence for Coexistence of Distinct Escherichia coli Populations in Various Aquatic Environments and Their Survival in Estuary Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (15) ◽  
pp. 4684-4693 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Berthe ◽  
M. Ratajczak ◽  
O. Clermont ◽  
E. Denamur ◽  
F. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Fecal Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Bodies Of Water

ABSTRACTEscherichia coli, a commensal bacterium from the intestinal tracts of humans and vertebrate animals, has been used as one of two bacterial indicators of fecal contamination, along with intestinal enterococci, to monitor the microbiological quality of water. However, water environments are now recognized as a secondary habitat where some strains can survive. We investigated the survival ofE. coliisolates collected from bodies of water in France exhibiting distinct profiles of contamination, defined according to the following criteria: vicinity of the point sources of contamination, land use, hydrology, and physicochemical characteristics of the receiving water. We selected 88E. colistrains among a collection of 352 strains to carry out a microcosm experiment in filtered estuarine water for 14 days at 10°C. The relationship between the survival ofE. colistrains and genotypic and phenotypic characteristics was analyzed. This work showed that distinctE. colisurvival types, able to survive from between 7 and 14 days to less than 2 days, coexisted in the water.E. coliisolates that rapidly lost their culturability were more frequently isolated in water recently contaminated by fecal bacteria of human origin, and most were multiresistant to antibiotics and harbored several virulence factors. In contrast, persistent strains able to survive from 4 to 14 days were more often found in water with low levels of fecal bacteria, belonged mainly to the B1 phylogroup, often harbored only one virulence factor,kspEorompT, and were able to grow at 7°C.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Strains of Escherichia coli Isolated from Milk and Feces of Cows on Dairy Farms in Trinidad

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. ADESIYUN ◽  
L. A. WEBB ◽  
H. ROMAIN ◽  
J. S. KAMINJOLO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Difference

The prevalence, counts, and characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from bulk milk, composite milk, and feces of dairy cows in eight milking centers were determined. The microbial quality of water used during milking was also investigated. Of a total of 175 bulk milk samples studied, 83 (47.4%) contained E. coli compared to only 14 (4.9%) of 287 composite milk samples and the difference was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001; χ2). The ranges in mean counts of E. coli per milliliter of bulk milk and composite milk were 8.4 × 103 to 2.0 × 105 and 2.1 × 101 to 2.0 × 102, respectively. The prevalences and mean counts of E. coli and mean pH values for bulk milk from farms with and without subclinically mastitic cows were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05; χ2). A total of 204 (65.2%) of 313 fecal samples of dairy cows were positive for E. coli. Of the samples of water used during milking collected from 171 dairy farms, 80 (46.8%) were free of coliforms while 59 (34.5%), 12 (7.0%), and 8 (4.7%) had ranges of coliform counts per 100 ml of 1 to 50, 51 to 100, and over 250, respectively. Twenty-six (27.7%) and 17 (18.5%) of 94 strains of E. coli isolated from bulk milk were enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) strains, respectively. Compared with 204 fecal strains of E. coli, 16 (7.8%) and 68 (35.6%) were EPEC and VTEC strains, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01; χ2). Similarly, the difference in prevalence of resistance to one or more of nine antimicrobial agents between bulk milk isolates (69.6%) and fecal isolates (25.9%) was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001; χ2), and resistance to ampicillin was the most prevalent type of resistance for strains of E. coli from bulk milk isolates. It was concluded that the relatively high counts of toxigenic E. coli in bulk milk originating from dairy farms in Trinidad could pose a health risk to consumers. The poor microbial quality of water used on farms may be an important source of contamination of milk.

scholarly journals BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR for differential detection of viable Escherichia coli in potable water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Deshmukh ◽  
Sunil Bhand ◽  
Utpal Roy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Differential Detection ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water

Background and Objectives: Public health protection requires timely evaluation of pathogens in potable water to minimize outbreaks caused by microbial contaminations. The present study was aimed at assessing the microbiological quality of water obtained from Shantinagar (a rural area in the South Goa region of Goa, India) using 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl β-D-glu- curonide-Sorbitol MacConkey agar (BCIG-SMAC) medium and, propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reac- tion (PMA-qPCR) assay for differential detection and quantification of viable Escherichia coli cells in water samples. Materials and Methods: Membrane filtration method was used for both BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR methods. To determine the efficiency of detection of viable cells, we first evaluated the PMA treatment protocol and established the standard calibration curves using previously reported primers. Results: PMA-qPCR detected as low as 7 femtograms of DNA of E. coli per qPCR reaction whereas the limit of detection (LOD) of BCIG-SMAC medium was 1.8 CFU/100mL. A total of 71 water samples spanning 2017-2018 have been analyzed using BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR, of which 95.77% (68/71) and 7.04% (5/71) were found to be total E. coli and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. PMA-qPCR study showed the viable counts of total viable E. coli cells ranging from 3CFU/100mL to 8.2×102 CFU/100mL. The total E. coli CFU/100mL quantified by PMA-qPCR significantly exceeded (paired t-test; P<0.05) the number on BCIG-SMAC medium. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the microbiological quality of environmental water samples analyzed do not comply with the regulatory standard. Therefore, special attention is warranted to improve the overall portable quality of water in the perspective of public health.

scholarly journals The quantitative bacteriology of some commercial bivalve shellfish entering British markets

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Bivalve Shellfish ◽  
Faecal Streptococci ◽  
Specific Illness

SUMMARYIncidents of non-specific illness associated with the consumption of oysters have highlighted the lack of published information on the bacteriology of shellfish suitable for consumption. Investigations showed that the majority of molluscan shellfish entering English markets conform to the accepted standard of less than 5 Escherichia coli/ml. tissue. The numbers of E. coli were related to the sanitary quality of the growing area but no relation could be established between numbers of E. coli and coliforms, faecal streptococci or Clostridium welchii. The numbers of non-specific bacteria varied considerably but shellfish from sources associated with non-specific illness yielded relatively high counts at 37° C. The results showed that there was no justification for a standard based on total plate counts, which often exceeded 106/g. Such a standard would have to be coupled with spoilage or the incidence of non-specific illness. The relation between the numbers of non-specific bacteria growing at 20 and 37° C. appears to be a useful measure for assessing the likelihood that raw shellfish are a public health risk.

scholarly journals Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters?

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sofia Valente ◽  
Paulo Pedro ◽  
M. Carmen Alonso ◽  
Juan J. Borrego ◽  
Lídia Dionísio
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Rapid Tests

Monitoring the microbiological quality of water used for recreational activities is very important to human public health. Although the sanitary quality of recreational marine waters could be evaluated by standard methods, they are time-consuming and need confirmation. For these reasons, faster and more sensitive methods, such as the defined substrate-based technology, have been developed. In the present work, we have compared the standard method of membrane filtration using Tergitol-TTC agar for total coliforms and Escherichia coli, and Slanetz and Bartley agar for enterococci, and the IDEXX defined substrate technology for these faecal pollution indicators to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters. ISO 17994:2004 standard was used to compare these methods. The IDEXX for total coliforms and E. coli, Colilert®, showed higher values than those obtained by the standard method. Enterolert® test, for the enumeration of enterococci, showed lower values when compared with the standard method. It may be concluded that more studies to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the rapid tests are required in order to apply them for routine monitoring of marine and freshwater recreational bathing areas. The main advantages of these methods are that they are more specific, feasible and simpler than the standard methodology.

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