Gypsum, Soil Scarification and Succession Planting as Alternatives to Mitigate Compaction of Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol

Understanding and quantifying the impact of soil management and use on its physical properties are essential to the development of sustainable agricultural systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of agricultural gypsum, soil scarification and succession planting on the physical attributes of dystrophic red-yellow latosol in Porto Velho, Rondônia state (RO), Brazil. The treatments used were absence and application of 2000 kg ha-1 of gypsum, absence and use of soil scarification, and three types of crop succession: SF (soybean/fallow), SMF (soybean/maize/fallow) and SMBF (soybean/maize/brachiaria/fallow). A randomized block design was used on eight blocks, for a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Soil parameters assessed were macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil density, moisture content and penetration resistance. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The highest macroporosity and total porosity values were recorded in treatments with gypsum application and soil scarification. Penetration resistance was lower in the SMBF and SMF crop successions. There was no treatment effect on the soil density.

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Implications of Agricultural Gypsum Doses in Physical-Hydric Attributes of a Typic Haplortox and on Root Growth and Soybean Productivity

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n4p549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 549

Author(s):

Francisco de Assis Guedes Júnior ◽

Deonir Secco ◽

Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽

Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽

Marcos Felipe Leal Martins

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Root Growth ◽

Block Design ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Calcium Deficiency ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Soil Density ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Physical Attributes

The response to agricultural gypsum, as a conditioner of the root environment in depth, has been observed for most annual crops. These responses are attributed to the better distribution of roots of the crops in depth in the soil by the reduction of chemical impediments, caused by the exchangeable aluminum and calcium deficiency in these layers, which allows to the plants the use of greater volume of water when they occur summer. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gypsum doses on physical-hydric attributes, root growth and soybean productivity. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Institute of Paraná (IAPAR) in Santa Tereza do Oeste-PR. The soil was classified as Typic Haplortox. Five doses of agricultural gypsum were evaluated: 0; 3; 6; 9 and 12 t ha-1, in outline randomized block design with six repetitions. Soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were evaluated at layers of 0.0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. Soybean productivity and root growth were also evaluated. Data were submitted to regression analysis. The physical attributes soil density, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity did not differ significantly with the application of the gypsum doses in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.2-0.3 m layers. However, in the 0.1-0.2 m layer, due to pressures imposed by the machines and agricultural implements deforming the soil, there were significant differences in the physical attributes of the density, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. There was no significant difference in grain productivity and root growth of soybean.

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Soil Management in the Physical Attributes and the Wheat Crop Irrigated Productivity

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v37i130256 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽

Aloisio Bianchini ◽

Dryelle Sifuentes Pallaoro ◽

Wininton Mendes da Silva ◽

Rodrigo Fernandes Daros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Soil Management ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Management Systems ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Soil Density ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Irrigated Wheat ◽

Resistance To Penetration

The objective of this work was the influence of three management systems on the physical attributes and productivity of irrigated wheat, cultivar BRS-254, in the city of Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design in split plots, with eight replications, being considered as plots the three systems of soil management: Conventional management (MC) with two gradations (one heavy and one light); minimum management (MM) with light harrowing; and direct seeding (SD). As a subplot: two layers of soil (0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm) and two seasons, being at 42 and 97 days after sowing (DAS) of wheat. The soil physical attributes evaluated were: macro and microporosity, total porosity, soil density and soil resistance to penetration. The yield of wheat crop was also evaluated. For the effects of MC, MM and SD, of the soil layers and DAS in the parameters macroporosity, microporosity and total soil porosity the MC and MM provided higher values of macroporosity and microporosity decrease at 42 DAS. The macroporosity was higher in the layer up to 10 cm and the microporosity in the 20 cm layer at both the 42 and the 97 DAS. The aeration capacity of the soil followed in ascending order in the management systems SD <MC <MM. In SD there was a significant increase in macroporosity from 42 to 97 DAS. Microporosity presented higher value at 97 DAS. Total porosity, as well as macroporosity, presented the highest value at 42 DAS. For the effects on soil density at 42 DAS it was observed that the lowest density value was found in the MM followed by MC. At 97 DAS, the density values practically returned to the initial value before the management intervention. It was verified that the soil density at the end of the crop cycle had an average value around 1.02 kg dm3. At 42 and 97 DAS the lowest soil density value was found in the 0 to 10 cm layer. In the 10 to 20 cm layer at 42 DAS, the SD had the highest soil density value in relation to the treatments studied, but at 97 DAS the SD had the lowest density value. For the effects on soil penetration resistance it was observed that soil resistance to penetration between MM and MC always remained below 2 MPa. The resistance curve showed that the soil rotation was efficient up to 10 cm depth, as they presented values lower than those found for SD, which presented resistance values between 1.5 and 2 MPa. For the effects on yield of irrigated wheat, the use of MM and SD as a way to reduce soil compaction did not contribute to the increase of yield of irrigated wheat. The MC provided higher productivity.

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Cover crops and residual effect of lime and gypsum on soil subsurface physical attributes

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i6.3490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e143963490

Author(s):

Marcela Pacola Oliveira ◽

Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽

Gabriel Luiz Piati ◽

Othon Lauar Godinho ◽

Paulo Eduardo Teodoro

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Block Design ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Total Porosity ◽

No Tillage ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tillage System ◽

Physical Attributes

The use of lime, gypsum, and different cover crops may influence the soil physical attributes, the formation of soil coverage before the crop implantation is crucial for the consolidation of the No-Tillage System. This work aimed to evaluate the alterations in the subsoil physical attributes, influenced by different cover crops combined with the application of lime and gypsum, in a no-tillage system in the Cerrado region, the soil of the experiment area was classified as Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experiment was carried out in Chapadão do Sul, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in a complete randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme. Plots consisted of cover crops (Urochloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum) and fallow; the subplots were formed by gypsum rates (0, 2.3, and 4.6 Mg ha-1); and the sub-sub-plots consisted of lime rates (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha-1), with three replications. The cover crops, Uruchloa ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum and the rates of limestone and gypsum do not interfere with the density of the soil. The Uruchloa ruziziensis cover crop provides increased microporosity and total soil porosity. The cover crops Uruchloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum were not efficient in decompressing the soil in the layers of 0.20 - 0.30 and 0.30 - 0.40 m in depth. The residual effect of the lime rate of 2 Mg ha-1 without gypsum application provided higher total porosity the 0.30 - 0.40 m layer.

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Cover crops, lime and gypsum influence on soil physical attributes

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-48248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. e37010

Author(s):

Marcela Pacola Oliveira ◽

Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽

Gabriel Luis Piati ◽

Rita de Cassia Felix Alvarez ◽

Marco Antonio Camilo de Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Penetration Resistance ◽

Soil Density ◽

Tillage System ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Lime Application ◽

Gypsum Application

Cover crops promote nutrient cycling, and lime and gypsum can alter the soil physical attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lime and gypsum rates applied to a no-tillage system with addition of residues of three cover crops on the soil physical attributes. This experiment was carried out in chapadão do sul-ms. The treatments were comprised of three cover crops (Urochloa ruziziensis, fallow, and Pennisetum glaucum), with gypsum (0, 2.3 and 4.6 Mg ha-1) and lime applied at a dose of 0, 2, 4, 6 Mg ha-1).The attributes evaluated were: soil density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and penetration resistance. The soil of the experiment was classified an Oxisol. Cover crops and lime and gypsum improved macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity at all depths, 0-0.2 m. Millet presented lower values for penetration resistance with the lime application and without gypsum application. No residual effect on soil density was detected for lime and gypsum application or cover crops in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. Brazilian Cerrado producers will have a well-defined management system to follow aiming at improving the soil physical attributes.

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Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Garlic cv. Yamuna Safed-3

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v7i04.19399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (04) ◽

Author(s):

A B Priyanshu ◽

M K Singh ◽

Mukesh Kumar ◽

Vipin Kumar ◽

Sunil Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Research Centre ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Horticultural Research

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre, SVP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP) during Rabi season of 2018-19 to assess the impact of different INM doses on yield and quality parameters of garlic. A total of ten treatments consisting of combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers like T1- (Control), T2RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), T3-RDF + 20 kg sulphur + FYM 20 ton ha-1, T4- RDF + 20 kg sulphur + VC 4 ton ha-1, T5- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 5 ton FYM ha-1+ PSB 5 kg ha-1, T6-75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 2 ton VC + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1, T7- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 3 ton + VC 1 ton+ PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5kg ha-1, T8- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg ha-1, T9- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM5 ton + VC 2 ton+ Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1and T10- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1 were used in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Out of these an application of T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM3 ton + VC 1 ton ha-1 + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1) was found to be significantly superior in term of yield and attributing parameters of garlic.

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Influence of vernalization and bulb size on the production of lily cut flowers and lily bulbs

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2399 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2399 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diogo Brito de Almeida ◽

José Geraldo Barbosa ◽

José Antônio Saraiva Grossi ◽

Fernando Luiz Finger ◽

Joice Crescencio Heidemann

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Floral Buds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Commercial Harvest ◽

Physiological Phenomenon ◽

Cold Chamber ◽

The Impact

Exposure of bulbs to cold, a physiological phenomenon called vernalization, and bulb size are important factors in the production of lily bulbs and flowers. This study aimed to verify the influence of vernalization of bulbs on flowering cut lily plants, as well as the impact of size and shape of harvest on the production and quality of flowers and bulbs. In turn, the way the stems of the plants used for cut-flower production are cropped is of higher importance for the production of new flower bulbs. In this sense, the experiment was conducted in Viçosa, MG, in a greenhouse in a randomized block design, in split splot scheme with three replications, in which the vernalization periods (25, 35 and 45 days at 4 ± 1 C) constituted the plots; bulb sizes (diameters of 3.2-3.8 cm; 2.5-3.2 cm 1.9- and 2.5 cm), subplots and ways to harvest (full harvest of the stem at the required length for the commercial harvest of the flower, commercial stem harvest at the commercial length, maintaining 10cm of stem in the soil; removal of the floral buds as soon as their appearance is observed and harvest at the end of the season), the sub subplots. The bulbs were planted in beds, with 15 x 20 cm spacing. It was evaluated the number of plants that flowered and the number of flowers, the length and the diameter of the floral buds, fresh and dry weights, diameter and plant height as well as number, perimeter and amount of fresh and dry bulbs. There was a decrease in the plant height with the increase of the vernalization period and a reduction of the diameter of the planted bulbs, as well as of the number and the fresh and dry weights of the produced buds. The production of flowers and buds in number, size and weight was directly proportional to the size of the planted bulbs, while the form of harvest with removal of flower buds increased the number, the perimeter and the fresh and dry weights of the buds. Bulbs with diameter between 3.2 - 3.8 cm, stored for 25 days in cold chamber enable greater production of flowers and the highest stem height, factors that favor the increase in market value.

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Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus costaricensis) dalam Pembuatan Teh Herbal dengan Penambahan Jahe

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v2i3.4014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 233-243

Author(s):

Raudhatul Aiyuni ◽

Heru Prono Widayat ◽

Syarifah Rohaya

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Block Design ◽

Ash Content ◽

Herbal Tea ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Two Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu pengeringan kulit buah naga dan konsentrasi penambahan jahe terhadap teh herbal serta mengetahui tingkat penerimaan konsumen terhadap teh herbal kulit buah naga dan jahe. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah suhu pengeringan (T) yaitu T1 = 50⁰C, T2 = 60⁰C, T3 = 70⁰C. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi jahe (J) yaitu J1= 0%, J2= 10%, J3= 14%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pengeringan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P≤0,01) terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, dan nilai organoleptik warna teh herbal kulit buah naga dan jahe yang dihasilkan, dan berpengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap nilai organoleptik rasa. Konsentrasi jahe (J) berpengaruh sangat nyata (P≤0,01) terhadap nilai organoleptik rasa teh herbal kulit buah naga dan jahe, dan berpengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap kadar air, dan nilai organoleptik warna. Interaksi suhu pengeringan dengan konsentrasi jahe (T×J) berpengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap nilai organoleptik rasa teh herbal kulit buah naga dan jahe. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh perlakuan terbaik yaitu perlakuan dengan suhu pengeringan 50OC (T1) dan penambahan konsentrasi jahe 14% (J3) memiliki kadar air 10,89%, kadar abu 5,85%, aktivitas antioksidan 59,05% dan total fenol 6,07 mg GAE/g bahan. Utilization Of Waste Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus Costaricensis) In The Production Of Herbal Tea With Additional Ginger Abstract. The purpose of this study was to know the impact of dried temperature and concentration additional of ginger and also to know the level of accept consumen for herbal tea dragon fruit peel and ginger. This study uses a randomized block design (RAK) Faktorial two factors. The first factor is dried temperature (T) that is T1 = 50⁰C, T2 = 60⁰C, T3 = 70⁰C. Factor II is consentration to add ginger (J) that is J1= 0%, J2= 10%, J3= 14%. The result of it showed that dried temperature obviously affected (P ≤ 0.01) on the moisture content, ash content, and sensory evaluation of color herbal tea dragon fruit peel and ginger, and obviously affected (P≤0,05) to the sensory evaluation of taste. While, the ginger consentration obviously affected (P ≤ 0.01) on the sensory evaluation of taste herbal tea dragon fruit peel and ginger, and obviously affected (P≤0,05) on the moisture content, and sensory evaluation of color. The interaction type of dried temperature with the ginger consentration obviously affected (P≤0,05) on the on the sensory evaluation of taste herbal tea dragon fruit peel and ginger. The best treatment is obtained from dried temperature 50°C (T1) and the addition of ginger concentration of 14% (J3) that product moisture content of 10,89%, ash content 5,85%, antioxidant activity 59,05% and total phenol 6.07 mg GAE / g of material.

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Impacts of Elevated Ozone and Ozone protectanton Plant Growth, Nutrients, Biochemical and Yield properties of Turnip (Brassica rapa)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-213024/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Boomiraj Kovilpillai ◽

Sethupathi Nedumaran ◽

Sudhakaran Mani ◽

Jayabalakrishnan Raja Mani ◽

Sritharan Natarajan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Block Design ◽

Ozone Exposure ◽

Research Station ◽

Growth Physiology ◽

Elevated Ozone ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Size Tuber ◽

The Impact ◽

Total Potassium

Abstract An experiment was conducted at woodhouse farm, Horticultural Research Station, Ooty, in the period of October 2017 to March 2018, to quantify the impact of elevated ozone and ozone protectants spray on plant growth, nutrients, biochemical and yield properties of turnip crop in a factorial completely randomized block design replicated thrice. The elevated ozone exposure significantly reduces the plant height, tuber size, tuber weight, Chlorophyll ‘a’, Chlorophyll ‘b’, Total chlorophyll, total nitrogen, total potassium, total Manganese, Iron, Zinc, Copper inturnip. Meanwhile, the elevated ozone exposure significantly increased the total phosphorous, catalase and peroxide activity inturnip. However, ozone protectants played a major role to nullify the tropospheric ozoneeffect on growth, physiology, development and yield of turnip and among them panchagavya performed well followed by neem oil and ascorbicacid.

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USE OF S-INDEX AS A STRUCTURAL QUALITY INDICATOR FOR COMPACTED LATOSOLS CULTIVATED WITH MAIZE

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n222rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 455-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KARINA DE VARES ROSSETTI ◽

JOSÉ FREDERICO CENTURION

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Water Retention Curve ◽

Structural Quality ◽

Retention Curve ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Red Latosol

ABSTRACT One way to prevent soil degradation is to monitor its structural quality through physical attributes and indicators. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify parameters that can be used together with the S-index to assess the soil structural quality of Latosols-Distrophic Red Latosol (DRL) and Eutroferric Red Latosol (ERL)-cultivated with maize after traffic-induced compaction by agricultural machinery. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in split-plots, with five treatments and four replications for each soil class. The treatments were: T0 = conventional tillage without additional compaction; T1, T2 and T3 = one pass of a 4, 7 and 10-Mg tractor, respectively; T4 = three passes of a 10-Mg tractor. The water retention curve, density, porosity and S-index of the soil layers 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m were evaluated. The DRL presented similar S-index (0.035 to 0.037) in the T0, T1 and T2, and these S-index were connected to soil macroporosity. Most S-index of the ERL were above 0.035, except for T4 due to its higher soil density. The S-index can be used as a complementary parameter for maize height and soil macroporosity to evaluate the structural quality of DRL.

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Effect of Stretching Temperature on Proteolysis, Expressible Serum and Titratable Acidity of Mozzarella Cheese

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.327.139 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 327 ◽

pp. 139-142

Author(s):

Miao Ying ◽

Liu Jing ◽

Zhao Zheng

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Starter Culture ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Mozzarella Cheese ◽

Binding Properties ◽

Water Binding ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

The Impact ◽

Made In

The impact of stretching temperature on proteolysis, titratable acidity and expressible serum of Mozzarella cheese during storage at 4 °C was determined. Three vats of cheese with three different stretching temperatures (75 °C, 85 °C, 95 °C) were made in one day. Cheese making was replicated on three different days as a randomized block design. Cheeses stretched at temperature of 95 °C had the lowest values of titratable acidity. Nitrogen soluble in pH4.6 acetate buffer and 12% TCA increased for all cheeses with age, but the rates of increase were slower in cheese stretched at higher temperature. This indicated that the coagulant and starter culture were heat inactivated during stretching at higher temperature. The amount of expressible serum obtained on centrifugation at 12500 rpm for 60 min at 25 °C decreased during aging, corresponding to an increase in water-binding properties. However, the rate of decrease was much lower in cheese stretched at higher temperature, which indicated the persistence of poor water-binding properties.

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