scholarly journals Frequency of antibiotic resistant enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in bovine carcasses at a slaughterhouse in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e475974339
Author(s):  
Ariel Eurides Stella ◽  
Gracielle Teles Pádua ◽  
Cecília Nunes Moreira ◽  
Paula Siqueira Martins ◽  
Maurício Costa Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coli (E. coli) comes in second place among microorganisms involved in outbreaks of foodborne diseases in Brazil and is among the 4 most prominent worldwide. Due to its importance, the purpose of this work is to verify microbiological quality by the presence of E. coli in bovine carcasses. A total of 365 E. coli were isolated by swabs of 154 carcasses of cattle, slaughtered in the municipality of Mineiros – GO, Brazil. The frequency of E. coli in the samples collected was 81% (125/154). Of these E. coli, 16 had the gene eae, and none presented the genes stx1 or stx2, so were therefore classified as EPEC. Thus, the frequency of EPEC in the carcasses was 9.7% (15/154). The strains were classified as part of the A or B1 groups. As for antimicrobial resistance, the antibiotics with the highest percentages of resistance were Cephalothin with 82% (41/50), followed by Gentamicin and Amikacin with 26% (13/50) each. None of the samples showed any production of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme, but three EPECs were classified as multi-drug resistant. The results demonstrate the presence of multi-resistant EPEC in bovine carcasses slaughtered in Mineiros city, Brazil.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Escherichia coli in River Waters Collected from Two Cities in Ghana, 2018–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Regina Ama Banu ◽  
Jorge Matheu Alvarez ◽  
Anthony J. Reid ◽  
Wendemagegn Enbiale ◽  
Appiah-Korang Labi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
River Waters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Animal Wastewater ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

Infections by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) are on the increase in Ghana, but the level of environmental contamination with this organism, which may contribute to growing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), is unknown. Using the WHO OneHealth Tricycle Protocol, we investigated the contamination of E. coli (Ec) and ESBL-Ec in two rivers in Ghana (Odaw in Accra and Okurudu in Kasoa) that receive effluents from human and animal wastewater hotspots over a 12-month period. Concentrations of Ec, ESBL-Ec and percent ESBL-Ec/Ec were determined per 100 mL sample. Of 96 samples, 94 (98%) were positive for ESBL-Ec. concentrations per 100 mL (MCs100) of ESBL-Ec and %ESBL-Ec from both rivers were 4.2 × 104 (IQR, 3.1 × 103–2.3 × 105) and 2.79 (IQR, 0.96–6.03), respectively. MCs100 were significantly lower in upstream waters: 1.8 × 104 (IQR, 9.0 × 103–3.9 × 104) as compared to downstream waters: 1.9 × 106 (IQR, 3.7 × 105–5.4 × 106). Both human and animal wastewater effluents contributed to the increased contamination downstream. This study revealed high levels of ESBL-Ec in rivers flowing through two cities in Ghana. There is a need to manage the sources of contamination as they may contribute to the acquisition and spread of ESBL-Ec in humans and animals, thereby contributing to AMR.

scholarly journals Incidence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Community- and Hospital-Associated Intra-Abdominal Infections in Europe: Results of the 2008 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 3043-3046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Hawser ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Abdominal Infections

ABSTRACT From 2002 to 2008, there was a significant increase in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Escherichia coli isolates in European intra-abdominal infections, from 4.3% in 2002 to 11.8% in 2008 (P < 0.001), but not for ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (16.4% to 17.9% [P > 0.05]). Hospital-associated isolates were more common than community-associated isolates, at 14.0% versus 6.5%, respectively, for E. coli (P < 0.001) and 20.9% versus 5.3%, respectively, for K. pneumoniae (P < 0.01). Carbapenems were consistently the most active drugs tested.

scholarly journals Clinical and demographic features associated with infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli in a health system in Maine, 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene W. Liu ◽  
Sarah N. Buss ◽  
Jennifer L. Trumbo ◽  
Tina M. Temples
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Control Study

Abstract In this case–case control study, we identified receipt of β-lactam antibiotics and older age as independently associated with increased infection risk with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli among residents aged 20–88 years in a rural Maine hospital system where the infection prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli is low.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from Alberta poultry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tam Tran ◽  
Sylvia Checkley ◽  
Niamh Caffrey ◽  
Rashed Cassis ◽  
Chunu Mainali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Class 1

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer is an important mechanism which facilitates bacterial populations in overcoming antimicrobial treatment. In this study, a total of 120 Escherichia coli and 62 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates were isolated from poultry farms in Alberta. Fourteen serovars were identified among Salmonella isolates. Thirty one percent of E. coli isolates were multiclass drug resistant (resistant to ≥ 3 drug classes), while only about 16% of Salmonella isolates were multiclass drug resistant. Among those, eight E. coli isolates had an AmpC-type phenotype, and one Salmonella isolate had an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-type β-lactamase phenotype. We identified both AmpC-type (blaCMY-2) and ESBL-type (blaTEM) genes in both E. coli and Salmonella isolates. Plasmids from eight of nine E. coli and Salmonella isolates were transferred to recipient strain E. coli J53 through conjugation. Transferable plasmids in above total eight E. coli and Salmonella isolates were also transferred into a lab-made sodium azide-resistant Salmonella recipient through conjugation. The class 1 integrase gene, int1, was detected on plasmids from two E. coli isolates. Further investigation of class 1 integron cassette regions revealed the presence of an aadA gene encoding streptomycin 3”-adenylyltransferase, an aadA1a/aadA2 gene encoding aminoglycoside 3”-O-adenyltransferase, and a putative adenylyltransferase gene. This study provides some insight into potential horizontal gene transfer events of antimicrobial resistance genes between E. coli and Salmonella in poultry production.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolates in 17 municipal wastewater utilities across Oregon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Khorshidi Zadeh ◽  
Sue Yee Yiu ◽  
Jacquelynn N Nguyen ◽  
Gabriela L Garza ◽  
Joy Waite-Cusic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

Wastewater treatment utilities are considered one of the main sources and reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in wastewater treatment systems across the state of Oregon. Influent, secondary effluent, final effluent, and biosolids were collected from 17 wastewater treatment utilities across Oregon during the winter and summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 (n = 246). E. coli strains were recovered from samples by culturing on mTEC, followed by confirmation with MacConkey with MUG agar plates. Antibiotic susceptibility of 1143 E. coli isolates against 8 antibiotics were determined, and resistance profiles and indices were analyzed between utilities, seasons, and flows. Antibiotic resistance phenotypes were detected in 31.6% of the collected E. coli isolates. Among those antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates, multi-drug resistance (i.e., resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics) was harbored by 27.7% with some strains showing resistance to up to six classes of antibiotics. The most prevalent resistance was to ampicillin (n = 207) and the most common combinations of multi-drug resistance included simultaneous resistances to ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline (n = 49), followed by ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 46). Significant correlations were observed between resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and resistances to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline (p < 0.001). A small percentage (1.1%) of the E. coli isolates displayed extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) activity and a single isolate carried resistance to imipenem. Compared to wastewater influent, ciprofloxacin resistance was significantly more prevalent in biosolids (p <0.05) and tetracycline resistance was significantly lower in effluent (p <0.05). Seasonal impact on antibiotic-resistant E. coli in wastewater influent was observed through significantly higher multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, ampicillin resistance prevalence, and ciprofloxacin resistance prevalence in summer compared to winter (p < 0.05). This state-wide study confirms the widespread distribution of antibiotic-resistant, multi-drug resistant, and extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing E. coli in wastewater systems across different flows and seasonal variations, making them the recipients, reservoirs, and sources of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Nasarawa, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
S. C. Tama ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
G. R. I. Pennap ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Aims: This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile and extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from droppings of from selected poultry farms in Nasarawa, Nigeria. Study Design: Investigative Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: A total of 90 samples from poultry droppings were collected from selected farms. Escherichia coli was isolated from the samples using standard cultural and microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: The prevalence of E. coli was 100%. Antibiotic resistances of E. coli were recorded as follows: streptomycin (S: 94.4%), sulphamethoxazole / trimethoprim (SXT: 90.0%), ampicillin (AMP: 88.9%), gentamicin (CN: 68.9%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC: 55.6%), ciprofloxacin (CIP: 41.1%), cefoxitin (FOX: 35.6%), ceftazidime (CAZ: 34.4%), cefotaxime (CTX: 22.2%), and imipenems (IPM: 17.8%). The most common antibiotic resistant resistance phenotype was AMP-CTX-CAZ-CIP-CN (11.1%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.7% (88/90) of the isolates, with the common MAR index being 0.5 (33.3%). Twenty five of the thirty beta-lactam resistant isolates (83.3%) were confirmed ESBL producers. The 25 ESBL positive isolates carried bla genes as follows: blaTEM (11/25, 44.0%) and blaCTX-M (18/25, 72.0%). blaSHV was not found in any isolate. Conclusion: E. coli isolated from the droppings of selected poultry farms in Nasarawa were less resistant to imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefoxitin in the study location. This implies that the antibiotics are useful in the treatment of infection caused by E. coli. Also, ESBL-positive E. coli isolates harbored ESBL genes, with blaCTX-M as the most common.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of AmpC and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Phenotypes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella From Alberta Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tam Tran ◽  
Sylvia Checkley ◽  
Niamh Caffrey ◽  
Chunu Mainali ◽  
Sheryl Gow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1

Horizontal gene transfer is an important mechanism which facilitates bacterial populations in overcoming antimicrobial treatment. In this study, a total of 120 Escherichia coli and 62 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates were isolated from broiler chicken farms in Alberta. Fourteen serovars were identified among Salmonella isolates. Thirty one percent of E. coli isolates (37/120) were multiclass drug resistant (resistant to ≥ 3 drug classes), while only about 16% of Salmonella isolates (10/62) were multiclass drug resistant. Among those, eight E. coli isolates had an AmpC-type phenotype, and one Salmonella isolate had an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-type beta-lactamase phenotype. We identified both AmpC-type (blaCMY-2) and ESBL-type (blaTEM) genes in both E. coli and Salmonella isolates. Plasmids from eight of nine E. coli and Salmonella isolates were transferred to recipient strain E. coli J53 through conjugation. Transferable plasmids in the eight E. coli and Salmonella isolates were also transferred into a lab-made sodium azide-resistant Salmonella recipient through conjugation. The class 1 integrase gene, int1, was detected on plasmids from two E. coli isolates. Further investigation of class 1 integron cassette regions revealed the presence of an aadA gene encoding streptomycin 3’’-adenylyltransferase, an aadA1a/aadA2 gene encoding aminoglycoside 3’’-O-adenyltransferase, and a putative adenylyltransferase gene. This study provides some insight into potential horizontal gene transfer events of antimicrobial resistance genes between E. coli and Salmonella in broiler chicken production.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteria, Including Strains with Genes Encoding the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and QnrS, in Waterbirds on the Baltic Sea Coast of Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (24) ◽  
pp. 8126-8134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Literak ◽  
Monika Dolejska ◽  
Dagmar Janoszowska ◽  
Jolana Hrusakova ◽  
Wlodzimierz Meissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Baltic

ABSTRACT Individual cloacal swabs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and of herring gulls (Larus argentatus), as well as samples of waterbird feces obtained in 2008 and 2009, were cultivated for Escherichia coli. Isolates of E. coli were tested for susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. Moreover, the samples were subcultivated on MacConkey agar (MCA) containing cefotaxime (2 mg liter−1) to detect E. coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and subsequently on MCA supplemented with ciprofloxacin (0.05 mg liter−1) and MCA with nalidixic acid (20 mg liter−1) to isolate fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. PCR was used to detect specific antibiotic resistance genes. We found 9 E. coli isolates producing ESBL with bla genes: bla CTX-M-1 (6 isolates), bla CTX-M-9 plus bla TEM-1b (1 isolate), bla CTX-M-15 plus bla OXA-1 (1 isolate), and bla SHV-12 (1 isolate). In the isolate with bla CTX-M-15, the gene aac(6)-Ib-cr was also detected. The bla genes were harbored by transferable plasmids of the IncN and IncI1 groups. Nine quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates with qnrS genes were found and characterized. The gene qnrS was associated with a Tn3-like transposon on the IncX1 plasmid together with bla TEM-1 in two isolates. The gene qnrS was also harbored by conjugative plasmids of the IncN and IncX2 groups. Even if populations of wild birds are not directly influenced by antibiotic practice, we have demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains, including strains with various ESBL and qnrS genes, are found in the feces of wild birds on the coast of the Baltic Sea in Poland.

scholarly journals Multi-drug Resistant (MDR), Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) and New Delhi Metallo Beta-lactamase (NDM) Producing Escherichia Coli in Rescued Sloth Bears (Melursus Ursinus), India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.R. Vinodhkumar ◽  
M. Karikalan ◽  
S. Ilayaraja ◽  
Arun A Sha ◽  
B.R. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
Melursus Ursinus

Abstract The study reports the MDR, ESBL, and NDM producing Escherichia coli (CRE) isolated from the rescued sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), India. The faecal samples of adult rescued sloth bear (n=21) were collected from a rescue center located in India during 2015-2016 and processed for isolation and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of E. coli. 45E. coli isolates were recovered, and on phenotypic screening, 23 were MDR, 17 were ESBL producers, and five were carbapenem-resistant (CR). The MDR isolates carried beta-lactamase, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, fluroquinone, and sulphadimidine resistance genes. All the phenotypic ESBL producing isolates had blaCTX-M genes. On genotypic screening, three CRE (60.0 %, 3/5) were positive for blaNDM carbapenemase gene. Efflux pump-mediated carbapenem resistance was noticed in two CRE isolates (40.0 %, 2/5).The CRE also isolates co-harbored AMR genes like blaTEM-1, blaAmpC, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, tetA, tetB and sulI. Virulence screening of the resistant isolates revealed the presence of Stx1, Stx2, eae, hlyA genes.Plasmid incompatibility (Inc) typesof three NDM positive isolates revealed that two isolates blaNDM-5 gene on Incl1 an one isolate on IncF plasmid. Apart from NDM genes, the plasmids also carried tetracycline, beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance genes. The plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST) of the E. coli Incl1 plasmid showed the Sequence Type (ST) 297.This appears to be the first report of multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and blaNDM-5geneson Incl1 and IncF plasmids in rescued sloth bear.

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