scholarly journals Effects of Zanthoxylum caribaeum essential oil against cotton bug Dysdercus peruvianus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e197997152
Author(s):  
João Pedro Furtado Pacheco ◽  
Jeane Nogueira ◽  
Rodrigo Prado Rodrigues de Miranda ◽  
Rodrigo Coutinho Duprat ◽  
Francisco Paiva Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dysdercus Peruvianus

Agricultural crops need protection from a variety of different insects popularly known as pests. Some of these pests are becoming increasingly resistant to conventional pesticides, so new control alternatives are needed. In this work, the effects of the essential oil of the plant Zanthoxylum caribaeum on the development of cotton stink bug Dysdercus peruvianus were analyzed. After analysis by chromatography and mass spectrometry, the essential oil of Z.  caribaeum presented 54 substances, the main constituents being Sylvestrene, Muurola-4 (14), 5-trans-diene, Isodaucene and α-Pinene. These compounds significantly increased insect mortality and interrupted metamorphosis and molting, often in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, nymphs with deformed legs, wings and antennae were observed. According to the data, the components present in the essential oil of Z. caribeum appear to be promising candidates for the development of green insecticides for use in future integrated pest management (MIP) programs.

Prospects for Integrated Pest Management of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Washington Tree Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Beers ◽  
Adrian Marshall ◽  
Jim Hepler ◽  
Josh Milnes
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Tree Fruits

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Anti-edematous Activities of the Essential Oils of Two Balkan EndemicLaserpitium Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Višnja Popović ◽  
Silvana Petrović ◽  
Maja Tomić ◽  
Radica Stepanović-Petrović ◽  
Ana Micov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

In this paper antinociceptive and anti-edematous effects are examined of the essential oils of the underground parts of two Balkan endemic Laserpitium species (Apiaceae), L. zernyi and L. ochridanum. Furthermore, the essential oil of the underground parts of L. ochridanum is chemically characterised by GC and GC-MS. Antinociceptive and anti-edematous effects were measured in a rat model of localized inflammation, induced by carrageenan, using apparatus for the modified paw-pressure test, and plethysmometer, respectively. The effects of both Laserpitium essential oils were measured after oral gavage administration to male Wistar rats in doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. The main constituents of L. ochridanum essential oil were: α-pinene (33.2%), α-bisabolol (10.3%) and chamazulene (14.9%). The essential oil of L. zernyi was previously shown to be rich in α-pinene (31.6%) and α-bisabolol (30.9%). Both examined essential oils produced a significant dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. The corresponding ED50±SEM in producing antinociception were 45.9±4.9 mg/kg and 42.4±2.1 mg/kg for L. zernyi and L. ochridanum oil, respectively. Both essential oils also significantly reduced paw edema in a dose-dependent manner. The estimated ED50±SEM values for the anti-edematous effect were 36.3±4.5 mg/kg for L. zernyi oil and 45.1±11.3 mg/kg for L. ochridanum oil. These results suggest that the essential oils of both investigated Laserpitium species may be effective against pain and edema present in various inflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Volatile Compound at Different Age of Corn Crops Used as Bemisia tabaci Repellent

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Retno Wikan Tyasningsiwi ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono ◽  
Siwi Indarti
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Bemisia tabaci is one of the red chili pests that plays a role as a Begomovirus vector. This vector can be controlled through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. One of the potential practices is by utilizing corn as a barrier crop to prevent the vector from attacking the main crop. The aim of this research was to examine the repellence activity of the volatile compound obtained from various ages of corn crop against B. tabaci. The volatile compound was collected from the corns at 4 week after planting (WAP), 6 WAP, 8 WAP, 10 WAP, and 12 WAP. Volatile compound capture device was designed with two solvents, i.e. hexane and ethanol, then the volatile compound analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). B. tabaci repellency against volatile compound was examined using Y-tube olfactometer. Each treatment was employed with 5 replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with 95% and further analyzed by Least Significant Different (LSD). The parameter observed was the total of B. tabaci avoided the volatile compound tested until half of the control olfactometer arm. The results showed that all ages of the corn produced repellent compound and the most optimal were corn aged 12 WAP with repellency rate of 83.72%. GC-MS analysis identified the volatile compound were citronella, limonene, β-phellandrene, β-caryophyllene, 1.8 cineole, farnesol, caryophyllene, and patchouli alcohol.

scholarly journals Morchella importuna Polysaccharides Alleviate Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Injury in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyin Xu ◽  
Liyuan Xie ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Xiaolan He ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Oxidative Injury ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Morchella Importuna

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Morchella importuna polysaccharides (MIPs) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in mice. A total of 144 female mice were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, namely, control, CCl4, low-dose MIP (LMIP) group, and high-dose MIP (HMIP) group. After the 10-day experiment, serum and liver were sampled for biochemical and metabolomic analyses. The HMIPs markedly decreased the liver weight under CCl4 intoxication. Furthermore, the significantly elevated concentrations of five serum biochemical parameters, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and total bile acid under CCl4 treatment were subverted by MIP administration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, MIPs relieved the increased hepatic malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl content and the decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase contents caused by CCl4 intoxication. There was also a dose-dependent decrease in the CCl4-induced inflammatory indices, such as the levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and myeloperoxidase, with MIP administration. Subsequent ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics identified nine metabolites between the control and CCl4 groups and 10 metabolites between the HMIP and CCl4 groups, including some critical metabolites involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and toxicant degradation. These novel findings indicate that MIPs may be of therapeutic value in alleviating the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by CCl4. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics provides a valuable opportunity for identifying potential biomarkers and elucidating the protective mechanisms of medicinal mushrooms against hepatic oxidative injury.

Effect of White Mustard Essential Oil on Inoculated Salmonella sp. in a Sauce with Particulates

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAIRUS R. D. DAVID ◽  
ATHULA EKANAYAKE ◽  
INDARPAL SINGH ◽  
BRIAN FARINA ◽  
MICHAEL MEYER
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mustard Essential Oil

White mustard essential oil (WMEO), from white mustard seed (Sinapis alba L.), is obtained by solvent extraction of defatted and wetted ground mustard; endogenous myrosinase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glucosinolate sinalbin to yield 4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate (4-HBITC), the antimicrobial component of WMEO. Sauce with particulates was made by mixing sauce, which served as the carrier for WMEO, with frozen vegetable and chicken particulates inoculated with Salmonella sp. WMEO (at 250 to 750 ppm of 4-HBITC) was able to reduce inoculated Salmonella counts by 0.8 to 2.7 log (CFU/g) in a frozen sauce with particulates in a dose-dependent manner, starting from the point of formulating the sauce through the microwave cooking step. High-pressure liquid chromatography–based analytical data confirmed that 4-HBITC was present in all of the samples in the expected concentrations and was completely hydrolyzed after the recommended cooking time in microwave ovens. In another experiment simulating unintentional abuse conditions, where the WMEO containing sauce with particulates was kept at room temperature for 5 h, WMEO (at 250 to 750 ppm of 4-HBITC) was able to reduce inoculated Salmonella counts from the point of first contact and up to 5 h by 0.7 to 2.4 log (CFU/g). Despite the known hydrolytic instability of the active component 4-HBITC, particularly at close to neutral pH values, WMEO was effective in controlling deliberately inoculated Salmonella sp. in a frozen sauce with particulates.

scholarly journals Antischistosomal and Cytotoxic Effects of the Essential Oil of Tetradenia riparia (Lamiaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Nathalya I. de Melo ◽  
André L. L. Mantovani ◽  
Pollyanna F. de Oliveira ◽  
Milton Groppo ◽  
Ademar A. da Silva Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
V79 Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Colorimetric Assays ◽  
Dose Dependent

This paper reports on the antischistosomal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil obtained from Tetradenia riparia leaves (TR-EO). At concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL, TR-EO killed all the worms after 120 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. At a concentration equal to or higher than 50 μg/mL, this oil also separated the coupled pairs and decreased the adult worm motor activity after incubation periods higher than 72 h. In addition, at 120 h of incubation, TR-EO slightly decreased the number of eggs produced by Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and significantly reduced the percentage of developed eggs, in a dose-dependent manner. XTT-colorimetric assays showed that the tested TR-EO concentrations were not considerably cytotoxic to V79 cells (IC50 = 253.5 μg/mL). The effects of TR-EO on egg development were noteworthy; therefore, this essential oil deserves further investigation to identify the chemical constituents that elicit activity against S. mansoni.

scholarly journals Modulation of Synthetic Tracheal Grafts with Extracellular Matrix Coatings

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Lumei Liu ◽  
Sayali Dharmadhikari ◽  
Robert A. Pouliot ◽  
Michael M. Li ◽  
Peter M. Minneci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Orthotopic Implantation ◽  
Synthetic Scaffolds ◽  
Cell Biocompatibility ◽  
Dose Dependent

Synthetic scaffolds for the repair of long-segment tracheal defects are hindered by insufficient biocompatibility and poor graft epithelialization. In this study, we determined if extracellular matrix (ECM) coatings improved the biocompatibility and epithelialization of synthetic tracheal grafts (syn-TG). Porcine and human ECM substrates (pECM and hECM) were created through the decellularization and lyophilization of lung tissue. Four concentrations of pECM and hECM coatings on syn-TG were characterized for their effects on scaffold morphologies and on in vitro cell viability and growth. Uncoated and ECM-coated syn-TG were subsequently evaluated in vivo through the orthotopic implantation of segmental grafts or patches. These studies demonstrated that ECM coatings were not cytotoxic and, enhanced the in vitro cell viability and growth on syn-TG in a dose-dependent manner. Mass spectrometry demonstrated that fibrillin, collagen, laminin, and nephronectin were the predominant ECM components transferred onto scaffolds. The in vivo results exhibited similar robust epithelialization of uncoated and coated syn-TG patches; however, the epithelialization remained poor with either uncoated or coated scaffolds in the segmental replacement models. Overall, these findings demonstrated that ECM coatings improve the seeded cell biocompatibility of synthetic scaffolds in vitro; however, they do not improve graft epithelialization in vivo.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Origanum vulgare Essential Oil and Its Active Ingredients as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Yao ◽  
Qiong Xu ◽  
Jia-Kang He ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
Zhao-Feng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Better Than

Toxoplasma gondii is a serious hazard to public health and animal husbandry. Due to the current dilemma of treatment of toxoplasmosis, it is urgent to find new anti-T. gondii drugs to treat toxoplasmosis. In this study, the anti-T. gondii activity of Origanum vulgare essential oil (Ov EO) was firstly studied, and then, carvanol (Ca), the main ingredient of Ov EO was evaluated using the MTT assay on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells in vitro. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay on HFF cells. The CC50 of Ov EO and Ca was 134.9 and 43.93 μg/ml, respectively. Both of them exhibited anti-parasitic activity, and inhibited the growth of T. gondii in a dose-dependent manner. For the inhibition effect, Ca was better than Ov EO at the same concentration, the IC50 of Ov EO and Ca was 16.08 and 7.688 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, treatment with Ca, was found to change the morphology of T. gondii tachyzoites and made their shapes curl up. These results showed that Ca was able to inhibit the proliferation of T. gondii by reducing invasion, which may be due to its detrimental effect on the mobility of tachyzoites. Our results indicated that Ca could be a potential new and effective drug for treating toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity and inhibition of aflatoxins production by Zingiber officinale Roscoe essential oil against Aspergillus flavus in stored maize grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Botião Nerilo ◽  
Jéssica Cristina Zoratto Romoli ◽  
Lydiana Polis Nakasugi ◽  
Natana Souza Zampieri ◽  
Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT: Essential oils are possible alternatives to the use of synthetic pesticides for control of fungal contamination. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO) is known for having antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic properties, but its use as a fumigant in situ has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate GEO’s effects upon Aspergillus flavus as a fumigant agent in stored maize grains. The main compounds reported in GEO were α-zingiberene (23.85%) and geranial (14.16%), characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The GEO was used as a fumigant in irradiated maize grains in concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 µg/g and the resulting effects were compared to a synthetic antifungal agent (carbendazim and thiram), an antifungal traditionally used for seed treatment. The antifungal efficacy of GEO against A. flavus has been proven in a dose-dependent manner through in situ (maize grains) test. The GEO inhibited aflatoxin production at concentrations 25 and 50 µg/g and controlled fungal growth. Therefore, GEO can be used as an effective and non-toxic alternative to conventional treatments in stored maize grains for the natural control of A. flavus.

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