scholarly journals Prospects of life prisoning as a kind of punishment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shabal

The organization of a sentence execution of life imprisonment in the Republic of Belarus and life imprisonment in the Russian Federation are examined in the article. The legislation was analyzed, and the international experience of execution of these types of punishments was studied. The statistical data necessary for the analysis are provided. Proposals are made to improve the execution of a life sentence. Based on the research, the author comes to the conclusion that the sentence of life imprisonment has a large number of shortcomings that need to be solved. This makes it necessary to improve its execution or cancel this punishment. In order to increase the effectiveness of the considered punishment, the author suggests differentiating the approach to applying parole to prisoners sentenced to life prisoning: reduce the terms of possible release, provide for a gradual change in conditions (a system of social elevators), establish lifelong supervision of the behavior of convicts after release (in case of violation of the rules of supervision, the convict can be returned to a correctional institution for further serving a life sentence).

Author(s):  
D. Naranova

To consider the main directions and extent of influence of ethical groups on political processes in the Republic of Kalmykia.The authors analyzed scientific research on the ethnic identity of the Kalmyk people, as well as media materials and statistical data on the cause and effect of the influence of ethnic groups on regional policy. Seven key areas of influence of the Kalmyks, as a titular nation, on political processes in the region, including through the formation of an ethnic majority among senior positions in the authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, were identified. The theoretical significance of the study is due to the complex systematization of facts about the influence of the ethnodominating nation of the Republic of Kalmykia on political processes in the region. The practical significance is expressed in the proposal of specific recommendations for partial stabilization of the situation in the Republic.


Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
D. E. Barsegyan

The article considers the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia, as well as the impact of tariff preferences on foreign trade between two countries. The analysed measures were: dynamics of the Russian Federation’s exports to the Republic of Serbia, dynamics of the Russian Federation’s imports from the Republic of Serbia, tariff preferences applied between countries. The article provides statistical data on the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia for 2010–2019 and their dependence on the application of tariff preferences, as well as indicators of trade between the EAEU and the EAEU member states with the Republic of Serbia for 2017–2019. The paper analyses the possible directions of Serbia’s participation in the EAEU and the European Union, assesses the benefits of creating a free trade zone between the EAEU and Serbia, as well as the costs of Serbia’s integration into the European Union. The importance of tariff preferences in the development of foreign trade relations between Russia and Serbia is shown.


Author(s):  
Anna Rolandovna Purge

The object of this research is the institution of property responsibility of genetic parents under the surrogacy agreement established in legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as the problematic of practical implementation of the surrogacy agreement. The subject of this research is the legislative norms that regulate the procedure of bringing genetic parents under the surrogacy agreement to property responsibility in the territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan; corresponding materials of law enforcement practice; statistical data and reports published in the official mass media. The scientific novelty of consists in analysis of the problems of property responsibility of genetic parents under the surrogacy agreement, which was concluded in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan. The main research results lies in the development of the original pointwise proposals on the long-term solution to these issues (it is worth noting that such proposals have not been previously expressed in the context of legal experience of the Republic of Tajikistan).


2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Alsu Fazylova ◽  
Elina Nasyrova ◽  
Liana Faritova ◽  
Alexey Elizaryev

Using statistical data, the dynamics of forest fires in the Volga federal district of the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2020 years is analyzed. The number and area of forest fires were considered as the initial data. At the same time, the total area of forest fire and of burned forests were taken into account separately. It was found that during the period under review, the minimum number of fires was recorded in 2000, and the maximum in 2018. Out of 14 subjects included in the Volga federal district, forest fires in the Republic of Bashkortostan were studied in detail. The dependence of the number of fires by season is established. Using correlation analysis of the statistical data for 2000-2020, the fact of strong dependence between the number of fires in the Volga federal district and forest area covered by fire was established.


2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
I.I. Kolchenko ◽  
◽  
M.V. Temerbaeva ◽  

Currently, close attention is paid to industrial safety at hazardous production facilities. Compliance with industrial safety requirements is directly related to the risks of accidents that can lead to man-made disasters, negatively affect the health and life of the population. As in any other industry, there are problems in ensuring industrial safety. There are several reasons for this: the backlog of standards from scientific and technological progress, the exclusive competence of state authorized bodies, and the lack of a risk-based approach. After the collapse of the USSR, the requirements of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan have practically not changed: laws and statutory instruments (hereinafter-the LSI) are approved and put into effect, after which they are constantly changed and supplemented; the presence of national and international standards, which, in fact, are revised on the basis of the USSR standards, taking into account the influence of the realities of the time. It can be concluded that the current standards are not focused on the future, scientific and technological progress, innovation, so they are constantly undergoing changes, thereby adapting to the necessary requirements that dictate modernity. State regulation does not contribute to the effective development of industrial safety. This is due to the fact that the state performs exclusively supervisory functions (thus it is exclusively educational in nature), and there is no dialogue between authorized state bodies, expert organizations, scientific organizations, and testing laboratories. If we consider the experience of the Russian Federation in the field of industrial safety, then it makes no sense to accept even some experience, since: similar to the Kazakhstan’ LSI and regulatory and technical documentation (and their constant dynamics), the development of cooperation with the Russian Federation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. Accordingly, it is advisable to consider the experience in the field of industrial safety in Europe and the United States of America because of the effectiveness of regulation and supervision than in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. This article provides information about international experience in the field of industrial safety in the United States and the European Union. The tasks of state regulation in the field of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, the United States, and the European Union are described in detail. The analysis of normative-legal acts and normative-technical documentation is carried out. Based on the analysis of international experience, solutions to problems in the field of industrial safety for the Republic of Kazakhstan are essentially presented. The purpose of this article is to reveal the problem in the field of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan and international experience that the Republic of Kazakhstan can borrow in order to effectively ensure industrial safety. Study of international experience (USA, EU countries, Russia) in the field of industrial safety in terms of: analysis of standards; regulation (control and supervisory functions) to ensure safety. The results of this article will reflect the problems that hinder the effective provision of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan and essentially suggest ways to solve them.


Author(s):  
Кристина Александровна Насреддинова ◽  
Иван Алексеевич Сластунин

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем правомерности применения сотрудниками исправительных учреждений и следственных изоляторов физической силы и специальных средств. Актуальность данной темы не вызывает сомнения, так как при применении физической силы и специальных средств осуществляется посягательство на жизнь и здоровье осужденных (обвиняемых и подозреваемых), а ценность данных общественных отношений подлежит безусловной защите, что закреплено и в Конституции РФ, и в Уголовном кодексе РФ. С другой стороны, любой сотрудник исправительного учреждения или следственного изолятора обладает профессиональной виктимностью в связи с осуществлением своих должностных полномочий, связанных с обеспечением безопасности лиц, находящихся в исправительных учреждениях и следственных изоляторах. Соответственно каждый день он сам может стать жертвой насильственного преступления, совершенного уже по отношению к нему. Поэтому выработка знаний, умений и навыков у сотрудников УИС по правомерному применению физической силы и специальных средств является важной задачей, которая стоит перед Федеральной службой исполнения наказания на сегодняшний день. В статье проанализированы официальные статистические данные о количестве фактов применения физической силы и специальных средств сотрудниками УИС, а также о количестве случаев привлечения их к уголовной ответственности за данные деяния. Кроме того, исследованы случаи, когда сотрудники вынуждены безусловно применить физическую силу или специальные средства, а именно факты совершения против них преступлений, предусмотренных ст. 321 УК РФ. Анализ статических данных, а также уголовных дел, научной литературы, правоприменительной практики позволил представить основные детерминанты неправомерного применения физической силы и специальных средств сотрудниками УИС и обобщить основные меры профилактики: предложены как организационно-управленческие решения рассматриваемой проблемы, так и меры, направленные на совершенствование механизма реализации существующих правовых норм, которые регламентируют основания и порядок применения физической силы и специальных средств. The article is devoted to the problems of legality of the use of physical force and special means by penal officers of correctional institutions and pre-trial detention facilities. The urgency of this topic doesn’t cast doubt, as the use of physical force and special means endangers the life and well-being of convicted (accused and suspected) persons. And the values of these public relations are subject to absolute protection that is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. On the other hand, any penal officer of a correctional institution or pre-trial detention facility has enhanced professional victimization from the performance of their official powers related to ensuring the safety of persons in correctional institutions and pre-trial detention facilities. As a consequence, every day he can become a victim of a violent crime committed against him. Therefore, the development of knowledge, skills and abilities of the employees of the penitentiary system on the legal use of physical force and special means is an important task facing the Federal penitentiary service of Russia today. The article analyzes official statistical data that make it possible to understand the number of facts of the use of physical force and special means by employees of the penitentiary system, as well as the number of cases of bringing them to criminal responsibility for these acts. In addition, we analyzed cases when employees are forced to use physical force or special means, namely, the facts of committing crimes against them under article 321 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Statistical data analysis as well as criminal cases, scientific literature, law enforcement practice is allowed to present the main determinants of unlawful use of physical force and special means by the staff of the Penal System and summarize the main measures of prevention. Both organizational and managerial solutions to the problem under consideration were proposed, as well as measures aimed at improving the mechanism for implementing existing legal norms that regulate the grounds and procedure for the use of physical force and special means.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32

The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the right to life belongs to the basic constitutional human rights, therefore, its observance and protection is the duty of the state. Despite its undeniable importance, today the right to life anywhere in the world is not really ensured in sufficient quantities. The constitutional consolidation of the right to life raises a number of issues related to the concept, nature, legislative and practical implementation of this right. It should be noted that various aspects of the human right to life were considered in the scientific works of G.B. Romanovsky, O.G. Selikhova, T.M. Fomichenko, A.B. Borisova, V.A. Ershov and other Russian authors. The aim of the study is to study and comparative analysis of the legal content of the constitutional norm that defines the right to life, to comprehend and identify possible problems of the implementation of this right. To achieve this goal, this article discusses relevant issues of ensuring the right to life, proclaimed by Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Article 27 of the Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic. The results of a comparative analysis of these constitutional norms and the relevant norms of industry law allow us to determine, that there is no contradiction between Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the norms of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, which imply the death penalty as an exceptional measure of punishment, because a moratorium has been imposed on the death penalty in the Russian Federation since April 16, 1997. However, after the abolition of the death penalty in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1998, there was a discrepancy between parts II and III of Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the criminal legislation of Azerbaijan Republic that requires the introduction of the necessary changes in the content of the analyzed constitutional norm. The value of the work is determined by the fact that the introduction of appropriate changes will contribute to the further improvement of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the effective implementation of the right to life of everyone.


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