Computed tomography of the brain injury in dysbaric diving accident

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
J H Lee ◽  
M R Choi ◽  
D Y Kim
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Diving Accident ◽  
The Brain

Detection of traumatic brain injury with magnetic resonance imaging and S-100B protein in children, despite normal computed tomography of the brain*

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed I. Akhtar ◽  
Robert M. Spear ◽  
Mel O. Senac ◽  
Bradley M. Peterson ◽  
Susan M. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Correlation of Cerebral and Subcutaneous Glycerol in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Association with Tissue Damage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Hägglund ◽  
Magnus Olivecrona ◽  
Lars-Owe D. Koskinen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background This study is a substudy of a prospective consecutive double-blinded randomized study on the effect of prostacyclin in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). The aims of the present study were to investigate whether there was a correlation between brain and subcutaneous glycerol levels and whether the ratio of interstitial glycerol in the brain and subcutaneous tissue (glycerolbrain/sc) was associated with tissue damage in the brain, measured by using the Rotterdam score, S-100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score (APACHE II), and trauma type. A potential association with clinical outcome was explored. Methods Patients with sTBI aged 15–70 years presenting with a Glasgow Coma Scale Score ≤ 8 were included. Brain and subcutaneous adipose tissue glycerol levels were measured through microdialysis in 48 patients, of whom 42 had complete data for analysis. Brain tissue damage was also evaluated by using the Rotterdam classification of brain computed tomography scans and the biochemical biomarkers S-100B and NSE. Results In 60% of the patients, a positive relationship in glycerolbrain/sc was observed. Patients with a positive correlation of glycerolbrain/sc had slightly higher brain glycerol levels compared with the group with a negative correlation. There was no significant association between the computed tomography Rotterdam score and glycerolbrain/sc. S-100B and NSE were associated with the profile of glycerolbrain/sc. Our results cannot be explained by the general severity of the trauma as measured by using the Injury Severity Score or Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score. Conclusions We have shown that peripheral glycerol may flux into the brain. This effect is associated with worse brain tissue damage. This flux complicates the interpretation of brain interstitial glycerol levels. We remind the clinicians that a damaged blood–brain barrier, as seen in sTBI, may alter the concentrations of various substances, including glycerol in the brain. Awareness of this is important in the interpretation of the data bedside as well in research.

What Is a Concussion?

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
David L. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

A concussion is a traumatic brain injury, but not an immediately life-threatening one. A traumatic brain injury means that a sudden force has been applied to the brain from outside. But not every force causes a concussion. In fact, most do not. The scalp, skull, and dura do a pretty good job protecting our brains from most of what happens to us on a daily basis. A traumatic brain injury means that the force applied to the brain caused a disruption in the brain’s structure, an impairment of the brain’s function, or both. Just because a computed tomography (CT) scan, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, or a blood test is negative does not mean that there has not been a concussion. Traumatic brain injury, especially concussion, is a clinical diagnosis, not based on any laboratory test or scan. Typically, patients with concussion have Glasgow Coma Scores between 13 and 15.

Confronting the grey zone after severe brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, rapid technological developments in the field of neuroimaging have provided several new methods for revealing thoughts, actions and intentions based solely on the pattern of activity that is observed in the brain. In specialized centres, these methods are now being employed routinely to assess residual cognition, detect consciousness and even communicate with some behaviorally non-responsive patients who clinically appear to be comatose or in a vegetative state. In this article, we consider some of the ethical issues raised by these developments and the profound implications they have for clinical care, diagnosis, prognosis and medical-legal decision-making after severe brain injury.

Lessons Learned From Coaching Postsecondary Students With Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Mary R. T. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Exhaustive List

Purpose The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide speech-language pathologists with a brief update of the evidence that provides possible explanations for our experiences while coaching college students with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method The narrative text provides readers with lessons we learned as speech-language pathologists functioning as cognitive coaches to college students with TBI. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, but rather to consider the recent scientific evidence that will help our understanding of how best to coach these college students. Conclusion Four lessons are described. Lesson 1 focuses on the value of self-reported responses to surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. Lesson 2 addresses the use of immediate/proximal goals as leverage for students to update their sense of self and how their abilities and disabilities may alter their more distal goals. Lesson 3 reminds us that teamwork is necessary to address the complex issues facing these students, which include their developmental stage, the sudden onset of trauma to the brain, and having to navigate going to college with a TBI. Lesson 4 focuses on the need for college students with TBI to learn how to self-advocate with instructors, family, and peers.

Family Needs Following Brain Injury: Perspectives From the Brain Injury of America State Affiliates

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Degeneffe ◽  
Mark Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
The Brain

THE DEPENDENCE OF THE AFFECTIVE DISORDERS MANIFESTATION ON MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE BRAIN AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (64) ◽  
pp. 029 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Hryn ◽  
V. H. Hryn ◽  
I. L. Fedorchenko ◽  
Yu. P. Yushchenko
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Providing Care of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by the Family Practice/Primary Care Optometrist

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Family Practice ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
The Brain

Primary Objectives: By extending the scope of knowledge of the primary care optometrist, the brain injury population will have expanded access to entry level neurooptometric care by optometric providers who have a basic understanding of their neurovisual problems, be able to provide some treatment and know when to refer to their colleagues who have advanced training in neuro-optometric rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Ulinastatin alleviates traumatic brain injury by reducing endothelin-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Xing-Zhi Liao ◽  
Mai-Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water

Abstract Background Brain edema is one of the major causes of fatality and disability associated with injury and neurosurgical procedures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI), a protease inhibitor, on astrocytes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methodology A rat model of TBI was established. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups – one group was treated with normal saline and the second group was treated with UTI (50,000 U/kg). The brain water content and permeability of the blood–brain barrier were assessed in the two groups along with a sham group (no TBI). Expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, endthelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Effect of UTI on ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was measured by western blot. Results UTI significantly decreased the brain water content and extravasation of the Evans blue dye. This attenuation was associated with decreased activation of the astrocytes and ET-1. UTI treatment decreased ERK and Akt activation and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory VEGF and MMP-9. Conclusion UTI can alleviate brain edema resulting from TBI by inhibiting astrocyte activation and ET-1 production.

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