scholarly journals Fighting Fire Blight in Organic Orchards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Organic Orchards

Fire Blight Susceptibility in Pyrus Germplasm from Eastern Europe

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. van der Zwet ◽  
R.L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Plant Exploration ◽  
Moderately Resistant

During 1976-1980, three plant exploration trips were made throughout eastern Europe in search of native Pyrus germplasm. A total of 384 accessions (231 from Yugoslavia, 86 from Romania, 43 from Poland, and 12 each from Hungary and Czechoslovakia) were collected as budwood and propagated at the National Plant Germplasm Quarantine Center in Glenn Dale, Md. Following 8 years of exposure to the fire blight bacterium [Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al.], 17.49” of the accessions remained uninfected, 11.2% rated resistant, 6.8% moderately resistant, and 64.6% blighted severely (26% to 100% of tree blighted). Some of the superior accessions have been released for use in the pear breeding program.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) hybrid combinations for the transmission of fire blight resistance and fruit characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Evrenosoğlu ◽  
K. Mertoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Harmful Effects

Fire blight is one of the most destructive diseases of pome fruits, especially pears. In current conditions when the demand for organic products is increasing, improvement of resistant rootstock and varieties is becoming important due to the lack of an effective disease management method against fire blight caused by Erwinia amy-lovora as well as the harmful effects of chemicals on environment, human and animal health. The findings of the researchers as to which variety performs well in terms of the transmission of fire blight resistance are quite important for new breeding programs. In the study, three varieties with high commercial value (Magness, Santa Maria and Williams) were identified as the maternal parents and 21 hybridization combinations were made with seven varieties (Akça, Ankara, Conference, Güz, Kaiser Alexandre, Kieffer and Taş) as pollinators. The Magness maternal parent was found superior when compared with the other maternal parents for the variety susceptibility level to fire blight. Apart from the differences in the susceptibility level of 21 different combinations of hybrids to fire blight, the commercially superior ten hybrids (I-15-24, II-13-1, II-13-19, II-13-34, II-13-73, II-27-21, II-27-55, II -32-44, III-22-638, III-27-590) have been determined via the weighted ranking method from the parameters of disease resistance and different fruit characteristics measuring the commercial preference of the fruits such as fruit quality, attractiveness, size, firmness and rustiness

scholarly journals Isolation and efficacy of two bacterial strains antagonists of Erwinia amylovora and Pectobacterium carotovorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M’hamed BENADA ◽  
Boualem BOUMAAZA ◽  
Sofiane BOUDALIA ◽  
Omar KHALADI
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Abstract Background The development of ecofriendly tools against plant diseases is an important issue in crop protection. Screening and selection process of bacterial strains antagonists of 2 pathogenic bacterial species that limit very important crops, Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the fire blight disease, and Pectobacterium carotovorum, the causal agent of bacterial potato soft rot, were reported. Bacterial colonies were isolated from different ecological niches, where both pathogens were found: rhizosphere of potato tubers and fruits and leaves of pear trees from the northwest region of Algeria. Direct and indirect confrontation tests against strains of E. amylovora and P. carotovorum were performed. Results Results showed a significant antagonistic activity against both phytopathogenic species, using direct confrontation method and supernatants of cultures (p<0.005). In vitro assays showed growth inhibitions of both phytopathogenic species. Furthermore, results revealed that the strains of S. plymuthica had a better inhibitory effect than the strains of P. fluorescens against both pathogens. In vivo results on immature pear fruits showed a significant decrease in the progression of the fire blight symptoms, with a variation in the infection index from one antagonistic strain to another between 31.3 and 50%, and slice of potato showed total inhibition of the pathogen (P. carotovorum) by the antagonistic strains of Serratia plymuthica (p<0.005). Conclusion This study highlighted that the effective bacteria did not show any infection signs towards plant tissue, and considered as a potential strategy to limit the fire blight and soft rot diseases.

EVALUATION OF TRADITIONAL HUNGARIAN APPLE CULTIVARS AS SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO FIRE BLIGHT

2004 ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kása ◽  
M. Hevesi ◽  
M. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals QTL mapping of fire blight resistance in apple

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Khan ◽  
Brion Duffy ◽  
Cesare Gessler ◽  
Andrea Patocchi
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance

EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN APPLE WITH REFERENCE TO DIFFERENTIAL VIRULENCE IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

1987 ◽  
pp. 263-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Norelli ◽  
H.S. Aldwinckle ◽  
R.C. Lamb ◽  
S.V. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

Isolation and characterization of Hena1 – a novel Erwinia amylovora bacteriophage

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya V Besarab ◽  
Artur E Akhremchuk ◽  
Maryna A Zlatohurska ◽  
Liudmyla V Romaniuk ◽  
Leonid N Valentovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

ABSTRACT Fire blight, caused by plant pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most important diseases of Rosaceae plants. Due to the lack of effective control measures, fire blight infections pose a recurrent threat on agricultural production worldwide. Recently, bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, have been proposed as environmentally friendly natural antimicrobial agents for fire blight control. Here, we isolated a novel bacteriophage Hena1 with activity against E. amylovora. Further analysis revealed that Hena1 is a narrow-host-range lytic phage belonging to Myoviridae family. Its genome consists of a linear 148,842 bp dsDNA (48.42% GC content) encoding 240 ORFs and 23 tRNA genes. Based on virion structure and genomic composition, Hena1 was classified as a new species of bacteriophage subfamily Vequintavirinae. The comprehensive analysis of Hena1 genome may provide further insights into evolution of bacteriophages infecting plant pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Detection of Fire Blight disease in pear trees by hyperspectral data

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikrooz Bagheri ◽  
Hosna Mohamadi-Monavar ◽  
Aslan Azizi ◽  
Abolghasem Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Blight Disease
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