scholarly journals Restoration of Guyton´s diagram for regulation of the circulation as a basis for quantitative physiological model development

2010 ◽  
pp. 897-908
Author(s):  
J Kofránek ◽  
J Rusz
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fluid Regulation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Circulatory Dynamics

We present the current state of complex circulatory dynamics model development based on Guyton’s famous diagram. The aim is to provide an open-source model that will allow the simulation of a number of pathological conditions on a virtual patient including cardiac, respiratory, and kidney failure. The model will also simulate the therapeutic influence of various drugs, infusions of electrolytes, blood transfusion, etc. As a current result of implementation, we describe a core model of human physiology targeting the systemic circulation, arterial pressure and body fluid regulation, including short- and long-term regulations. The model can be used for educational purposes and general reflection on physiological regulation in pathogenesis of various diseases.

scholarly journals Percutaneous Closure of PFO in Patients with Reduced Oxygen Saturation at Rest and during Exercise: Short- and Long-Term Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Céline De Cuyper ◽  
Tristan Pauwels ◽  
Eric Derom ◽  
Michel De Pauw ◽  
Daniël De Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Percutaneous Closure ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Short And Long Term

Background. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a rare cause of hypoxemia and clinical symptoms of dyspnea. Due to a right-to-left shunt, desaturated blood enters the systemic circulation in a subset of patients resulting in dyspnea and a subsequent reduction in quality of life (QoL). Percutaneous closure of PFO is the treatment of choice. Objectives. This retrospective multicentre study evaluates short- and long-term results of percutaneous closure of PFO in patients with dyspnea and/or reduced oxygen saturation. Methods. Patients with respiratory symptoms were selected from databases containing all patients percutaneously closed between January 2000 and September 2018. Improvement in dyspnea, oxygenation, and QoL was investigated using pre- and postprocedural lung function parameters and two postprocedural questionnaires (SF-36 and PFSDQ-M). Results. The average follow-up period was 36 [12–43] months, ranging from 0 months to 14 years. Percutaneous closure was successful in 15 of the 16 patients. All patients reported subjective improvement in dyspnea immediately after device deployment, consistent with their improvement in oxygen saturation (from 90 ± 6% to 94 [92–97%] on room air and in upright position) (p<0.05). Both questionnaires also indicated an improvement of dyspnea and QoL after closure. The two early and two late deaths were unrelated to the procedure. Conclusion. PFO-related dyspnea and/or hypoxemia can be treated successfully with a percutaneous intervention with long-lasting benefits on oxygen saturation, dyspnea, and QoL.

Autonomy in Maternal Accounts of Birth after Cesarean

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Soliday ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Current State ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Maternal Autonomy

Following decades of maltreatment of women in obstetric care, professional respect for maternal autonomy in obstetric decision making and care have become codified in global and national professional ethical guidelines. Yet, using the example of birth after cesarean, identifiable threats to maternal autonomy in obstetrics continue. This paper focuses on how current scientific knowledge and obstetric practice patterns factor into restricted maternal autonomy as evidenced in three representative maternal accounts obtained prior and subsequent to birth after cesarean. Short- and long-term remedies to improve the current state of restricted maternal autonomy in clinical practice surrounding decision making on birth after cesarean are provided.

Evidence-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Eating Disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zella E. Moore ◽  
Raquel Ciampa ◽  
Jaime Wilsnack ◽  
Elizabeth Wright
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Current State ◽  
Eating Disorder Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Disorder Treatment

Eating disorders are serious clinical issues that can have severe physical and psychological ramifications. Although prevalence rates of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are low in the general population, it has been reported that prevalence rates are higher among individuals involved in the athletic milieu. Unfortunately, based on the demands of the sport environment, these individuals may be significantly less likely to seek treatment for these disorders, thus may experience dangerous short- and long-term consequences. Yet, even when such athletes do seek help, they often receive psychological treatments that have not been demonstrated to be efficacious among methodologically sound research studies. This article clarifies the current state of eating disorder treatment efficacy so that practitioners working with eating disordered athletic clientele can adopt more ethical and effective treatment practices.

scholarly journals Rural Poverty and Land Degradation: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1053-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jehangir Malik ◽  
Hina Nazli
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

By highlighting the lack of rigorous evidence and calling for a greater understanding of the interaction of the two processes, a recent study [Nelson et al. (1997)] has called into question the strong perception that poverty is both a consequence as well as a cause of resource degradation.1 This perception which is widely held is strongly evident in the writings of the multilateral development agencies such as the World Bank (1990) and IFAD (1992) and exists despite extensive reviews which indicate that the short- and long-term implications of land degradation are not very clear [see Scherr and Yadav (1995)]. Similarly, while knowledge about poverty is expanding rapidly, thanks in large parts to the massive international focus and resources brought to bear on its understanding in the past ten.........................

scholarly journals Peripheral electrical stimulation to reduce pathological tremor: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Pascual-Valdunciel ◽  
Grace W. Hoo ◽  
Simon Avrillon ◽  
Filipe Oliveira Barroso ◽  
Jennifer G. Goldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Current State ◽  
Peripheral Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pathological Tremor

AbstractInterventions to reduce tremor in essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) clinical populations often utilize pharmacological or surgical therapies. However, there can be significant side effects, decline in effectiveness over time, or clinical contraindications for these interventions. Therefore, alternative approaches must be considered and developed. Some non-pharmacological strategies include assistive devices, orthoses and mechanical loading of the tremorgenic limb, while others propose peripheral electrical stimulation. Specifically, peripheral electrical stimulation encompasses strategies that activate motor and sensory pathways to evoke muscle contractions and impact sensorimotor function. Numerous studies report the efficacy of peripheral electrical stimulation to alter tremor generation, thereby opening new perspectives for both short- and long-term tremor reduction. Therefore, it is timely to explore this promising modality in a comprehensive review. In this review, we analyzed 27 studies that reported the use of peripheral electrical stimulation to reduce tremor and discuss various considerations regarding peripheral electrical stimulation: the stimulation strategies and parameters, electrodes, experimental designs, results, and mechanisms hypothesized to reduce tremor. From our review, we identified a high degree of disparity across studies with regard to stimulation patterns, experimental designs and methods of assessing tremor. Having standardized experimental methodology is a critical step in the field and is needed in order to accurately compare results across studies. With this review, we explore peripheral electrical stimulation as an intervention for tremor reduction, identify the limitations and benefits of the current state-of-the-art studies, and provide ideas to guide the development of novel approaches based on the neural circuitries and mechanical properties implied in tremor generation.

scholarly journals Emerging voluntary cooperation between European healthcare systems: Are we facing a new future?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 239920261985231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Eatwell ◽  
Anna Swierczyna
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
European Healthcare ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Voluntary Cooperation

Voluntary cooperation between European healthcare systems in medicines can bring concrete benefits for those healthcare systems and for patients. Although cooperation between countries in the form of clusters has been in place for some years now, there is still relatively little information on their objectives, scope, structures, procedures and activities – partly due to confidentiality, partly due to an ever-changing environment. By interviewing people who are directly leading the voluntary cooperation in countries, this article brings more clarity on the current state of play in voluntary cooperation and unpacks the challenges that countries and companies are facing in moving the joint process forward. In particular, we have anticipated the potential short- and long-term outcomes and consequences for medicine assessment in participating countries.

scholarly journals E-cigarettes and Cardiopulmonary Health

Function ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Tarran ◽  
R Graham Barr ◽  
Neal L Benowitz ◽  
Aruni Bhatnagar ◽  
Hong W Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Current State ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract E-cigarettes have surged in popularity over the last few years, particularly among youth and young adults. These battery-powered devices aerosolize e-liquids, comprised of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), typically with nicotine, flavors and stabilizers/humectants. Although the use of combustible cigarettes is associated with several adverse health effects including multiple pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, the effects of e-cigarettes on both short- and long-term health have only begun to be investigated. Given the recent increase in the popularity of e-cigarettes, there is an urgent need for studies to address their potential adverse health effects, particularly as many researchers have suggested that e-cigarettes may pose less of a health risk than traditional combustible cigarettes and should be used as nicotine replacements. This report is prepared for clinicians, researchers, and other health care providers to provide the current state of knowledge on how e-cigarette use might affect cardiopulmonary health, along with research gaps to be addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals Hyperglycemia and Acute Coronary Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Deedwania ◽  
Mikhail Kosiborod ◽  
Eugene Barrett ◽  
Antonio Ceriello ◽  
William Isley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Current State ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Hyperglycemia is common and associated with markedly increased mortality rates in patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Despite the fact that several studies have documented this association, hyperglycemia remains underappreciated as a risk factor, and it is frequently untreated in ACS patients. This is in large part due to limitations of prior studies, and the remaining critical gaps in our understanding of the relationship between hyperglycemia and poor outcomes. The main objective of the present statement is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the association between elevated glucose and patient outcomes in ACS and to outline the most important knowledge gaps in this field. These gaps include the need to specifically define hyperglycemia, develop optimal ways of measuring and tracking glucose values during ACS hospitalization, and better understand the physiological mechanisms responsible for poor outcomes associated with hyperglycemia. The most important issue, however, is whether elevated glucose is a direct mediator of adverse outcomes in ACS patients or just a marker of greater disease severity. Given the marked increase in short- and long-term mortality associated with hyperglycemia, there is an urgent need for definitive large randomized trials to determine whether treatment strategies aimed at glucose control will improve patient outcomes and to define specific glucose treatment targets. Although firm guidelines will need to await completion of these clinical trials, the present statement also provides consensus recommendations for hyperglycemia management in patients with ACS on the basis of the available data.

Russian economy on the background of global pandemics: the basic contours of «new reality»

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
I.I. Smotritskaya
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with conceptual issues related to the adaptation of the Russian economy to the new financial and economic reality that is emerging as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic. The current state of the world economy is studied, the main characteristic features of the «new reality» are highlighted, and the complex of anti-crisis measures implemented in the US and the EU is considered. The results of forecast assessments of the consequences of the pandemic for the economy of our country in the short and long term are analyzed; the principles, priorities and vectors of post-crisis development of the Russian economy are substantiated.

scholarly journals Unlocking the Secrets of Mitochondria in the Cardiovascular System

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (14) ◽  
pp. 1205-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Tian ◽  
Wilson S. Colucci ◽  
Zoltan Arany ◽  
Markus M. Bachschmid ◽  
Scott W. Ballinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Current State ◽  
Clinical Strategies ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
National Heart Lung ◽  
Short And Long Term

Mitochondria have emerged as a central factor in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well, but no therapies are available to treat mitochondrial dysfunction. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a group of leading experts in heart failure, cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondria research in August 2018. These experts reviewed the current state of science and identified key gaps and opportunities in basic, translational, and clinical research focusing on the potential of mitochondria-based therapeutic strategies in heart failure. The workshop provided short- and long-term recommendations for moving the field toward clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure and cardiovascular diseases by using mitochondria-based approaches.

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