Children and Infants in Aviation Accidents

BACKGROUND: This study examines the relationship between seat restraints and injuries of children and infants who were passengers on an aircraft and gives a detailed analysis of children whose behavior contributed to an accident.METHODS: A total of 58 accident reports from 1980 until 2015 were extracted from the NTSB online database in which children were mentioned. In at least 10 cases the childs behavior contributed to the accident.RESULTS: Violations of regulations by the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) as well as the age and number of children and infants on board were each reported inconsistently. Violations of regulations were significantly more common when accidents occurred during the takeoff phase. Child behaviors that caused accidents included distraction of crew, not wearing a seatbelt, and running into dangerous areas.CONCLUSIONS: Pilots and crew, especially in General Aviation, need to be made aware of the need to enforce FAA regulations concerning child restraint systems. It is recommended that children both on the ground and inside an aircraft have adult supervision in addition to supervising aircraft crew to prevent distractions that harm the safe operation of an aircraft.Kalagher H, de Voogt A. Children and infants in aviation accidents. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(5):353357.

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Cognitive Factors Mediate the Relation Between Age and Flight Path Maintenance in General Aviation

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kathleen Van Benthem ◽

Chris M. Herdman

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Flight Path ◽

General Aviation ◽

Cognitive Factors ◽

Pilot Performance ◽

Pilot Error ◽

Age Related ◽

And Performance ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Identifying pilot attributes associated with risk is important, especially in general aviation where pilot error is implicated in most accidents. This research examined the relationship of pilot age, expertise, and cognitive functioning to deviations from an ideal circuit trajectory. In all, 54 pilots, of varying age, flew a Cessna 172 simulator. Cognitive measures were obtained using the CogScreen-AE ( Kay, 1995 ). Older age and lower levels of expertise and cognitive functioning were associated with significantly greater flight path deviations. The relationship between age and performance was fully mediated by a cluster of cognitive factors: speed and working memory, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility. These findings add to the literature showing that age-related changes in cognition may impact pilot performance.

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State of Alaska epidemiology bulletin: Epidemiology of general aviation accidents in Alaska

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e446062008-001 ◽

1984 ◽

Keyword(s):

General Aviation ◽

Aviation Accidents

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Applying the case/control methodology to the study of weather-related general aviation accidents

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e577062012-040 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Loren S. Groff ◽

Jana M. Price

Keyword(s):

Case Control ◽

General Aviation ◽

Aviation Accidents ◽

Control Methodology

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Do Spousal Intimate Relationships Affect Fertility Intentions and Preferences?

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x211016041 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0192513X2110160

Author(s):

Amir Erfani ◽

Roya Jahanbakhsh

Keyword(s):

Intimate Relationships ◽

Mate Selection ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Fertility Intentions ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Social Forces ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Ideal Number ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

The fertility influence of spousal intimate relationships is unknown. Drawing on the Giddens’s theory of transformation of intimacy, this study proposed a hypothesis that couples supporting egalitarian intimate relationships, with a greater risk profile attached to the relationship, and having less attachments to the external normative pressures shaping marital relations, are more likely to have low-fertility intentions and preferences. Using data from a self-administered pilot survey ( n = 375 prospective grooms and brides) designed by the authors, and employing multivariate regression models, we found that the lower attachment to external social forces in mate selection was associated with the lower ideal number of children, and those with a greater spousal relational egalitarianism and a higher risk profile attached to their relationships preferred lower number of children and were less likely to intend to have children after marriage. The study sheds new light on the determinants of low fertility.

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Rideshare use among parents and their children

Injury Epidemiology ◽

10.1186/s40621-021-00302-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Johnathon P. Ehsani ◽

Jeffrey P. Michael ◽

Andrea Gielen

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

College Education ◽

Total Sample ◽

Legal Guardian ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Restraint Use ◽

Child Restraint ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Child Restraint System

AbstractMotor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for young children. Millions of ridesharing trips are taken each day, and use of these services is predicted to increase. Therefore, it is important to examine the safety of children in these vehicles. We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 18 years or older (N = 2017). Of the total sample, 450 respondents reported being a parent or legal guardian of children below the age of 10. Of these, 307 or 68% had ever used ridesharing. Among those who had used ridesharing, a total of 253 or 82% reported using ridesharing with their children below the age of 10 years. Among this group, rideshare use was significantly higher among individuals with college education, and in higher income households. Given that the majority of U.S. states have legislation exempting rideshare vehicles from child restraint system law coverage, our finding of high rates of rideshare use among parents suggests that a large number of children could be at risk of injury due to a lack of appropriate restraint use.

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Understanding General Aviation Accidents in Terms of Safety Systems

2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) ◽

10.1109/dasc50938.2020.9256778 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Justin G Fuller ◽

Loyd R Hook

Keyword(s):

General Aviation ◽

Aviation Accidents ◽

Safety Systems

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Adolescent impulsiveness and use of alcohol and tobacco

European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education ◽

10.3390/ejihpe5030033 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 371-382

Author(s):

Mª del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽

José J. Gázquez ◽

Mª del Mar Molero ◽

Fernando Cardila ◽

África Martos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Drug Use ◽

Detailed Analysis ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

The State ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

The Relationship

Adolescence is characterized by premature experimentation with new experiences and sensations. These experiences sometimes include drugs, which even though legal and socially accepted, begin to have noticeable negative consequences to the adolescent’s development. In recent years, a decrease in use of tobacco by Spanish adolescents has been observed, but not in alcohol. One of the causes of initiation in drug use is impulsive personality or behavior. Thus the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between impulsiveness and frequency of use of alcohol and tobacco in 822 students aged 13 to 18 years of age. The State Impulsivity Scale (SIS) and an ad hoc questionnaire on demographic characteristics and use of alcohol and tobacco were used for this. The results showed that students who stated they were users scored significantly higher on impulsivity. Thus detailed analysis of the profile of individuals with this risk factor could favor more adequate intervention program design.

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The Paradox of Planning: Agriculture, Schooling, and the Unresolvable Uncertainty of Ideal Family Size in Rural Sierra Leone

African Studies Review ◽

10.1017/asr.2020.96 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Catherine E. Bolten ◽

Richard Marcantonio

Keyword(s):

Sierra Leone ◽

Family Size ◽

Optimal Number ◽

Population Pressure ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Ideal Family ◽

Post War ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship ◽

Agricultural Decline

Abstract Post-war Sierra Leone has experienced a population explosion that has raised questions among rural farmers about the relationship between family size and poverty. Agricultural decline and the high cost of schooling are not prompting parents to articulate a desire for smaller families; rather, they highlight that the uncertainty around articulating the “right” number of children is unresolvable because the ability to send children to school is predicated on increasing agricultural outputs that decline precisely because population pressure has reduced soil fertility. Bolten and Marcantonio conclude that this renders family size the heart of a paradox, where there is no optimal number of children.

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Contracting on Time

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/000282805775014452 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 1369-1385 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Sergei Guriev ◽

Dmitriy Kvasov

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Continuous Time ◽

Contract Theory ◽

Bilateral Trade ◽

Incomplete Contract ◽

Optimal Contracts ◽

Contract Duration ◽

Unilateral Termination ◽

Advance Notice ◽

The Relationship

The paper shows how time considerations, especially those concerning contract duration, affect incomplete contract theory. Time is not only a dimension along which the relationship unfolds, but also a continuous verifiable variable that can be included in contracts. We consider a bilateral trade setting where contracting, investment, trade, and renegotiation take place in continuous time. We show that efficient investment can be induced either through a sequence of constantly renegotiated fixed-term contracts; or through a renegotiation-proof “evergreen” contract—a perpetual contract that allows unilateral termination with advance notice. We provide a detailed analysis of properties of optimal contracts.

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Relationship between Number and Order of Children with Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices in Surakarta

Smart Society Empowerment Journal ◽

10.20961/ssej.v1i1.48533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Vivienne Tjung ◽

Husnia Auliyatul Umma ◽

Jarot Subandono

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

The Relationship ◽

Breastfeeding Practice

Introduction: Exclusive breast milk is breastfeeding for six months to babies, without providing other foods and drinks. Breastfeeding for up to 6 months is recommended by various health organizations, including the Ministry of Health. In Indonesia, exclusive breastfeeding is still low, even though the benefits of breastfeeding are numerous. Various studies that have been conducted have shown different results regarding the relationship between the number and sequence of children with breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the number of children and the order of the children with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in SurakartaMethods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The research sample was determined by random sampling of mothers registered at the Penumping Health Center. The research sample consisted of 50 people who have children aged 1-5 years. Assessment of completeness of breastfeeding was measured using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis techniques using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression.Results and discussions: From 47 subjects studied with the bivariate analysis technique using the chi square between the number of children and the order of children with exclusive breastfeeding practice, the results were less significant, p = 0.724 and p = 0.401.Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the number of children and the order of children with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Surakarta.Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, number of children, order of children.

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