Decompression Illness Incidence and Hypoxia Symptoms After Prebreathing in Hypobaric Hypoxia Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Liang Jie Cheok ◽  
Bernice Lin Ying Goh ◽  
Feng Wei Soh ◽  
Benjamin Tan Boon Chuan
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Decompression Illness ◽  
Hypobaric Chamber ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION: Hypobaric hypoxia training utilizing the environmental chamber is often preceded by prebreathing of 100% oxygen with the goal of reducing decompression illness (DCI). We aimed to study the impact of prebreathing 100% oxygen for 30 min prior to hypobaria exposure to 7600 m (25,000 ft) on the incidence rate of DCI, as well as the impact of prebreathing on hypoxia symptoms felt during training.METHODS: Records of participants who underwent hypobaric hypoxia training in the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) from 2011 to 2014 (before introduction of prebreathing) were compared to those who underwent similar training from 2014 to 2017 (after introduction of prebreathing) to determine the incidences of DCI for both groups. Participants who underwent hypobaric hypoxia training from January 2017 to July 2017 completed a survey to assess the impact of prebreathing on the presentation and severity of hypoxia symptoms.RESULTS: Two DCI events were recorded in 1530 hypobaric chamber exposures without prebreathing while two DCI events were recorded in 1729 exposures with prebreathing. There was no significant difference in the incidence of DCI between the two groups. The survey findings showed no significant difference in the presentation and severity of hypoxia symptoms with 30 min of prebreathing.DISCUSSION: Incidence of DCI remains low during hypobaric chamber training, with no statistical difference with or without prebreathing. Possible reasons were the short duration of hypobaric exposure of 10 min during hypoxia training, and that 30 min of prebreathing was insufficient to further decrease or eliminate the risk of DCI in short duration hypobaric exposures.Cheok LJ, Goh BLY, Soh FW, Chuan BTB. Decompression illness incidence and hypoxia symptoms after prebreathing in hypobaric hypoxia training. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(5):289293.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SEASONAL MANIFESTATION OF BRUCELLOSIS INFECTION AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
K. M. Kurbonov ◽  
E. G. Simonova ◽  
N. N. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was to study modern manifestations of seasonal brucellosis among the population of the Republic of Tajikistan. The materials and methods: of the study were the official statistics, as well as the results of previously performed studies on the risk assessment of the incidence in population. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of annual incidence rate for the period from 1997 to 2016 was conducted, depending on the most significant social and environmental risk factors. Results. The article shows the impact on the annual incidence rate of socio-economic transformations, including the privatization of collective livestock farms, accompanied by the massive movement of farm animals to private ownership, the loss of practice in animal breeding, and changes in environmental and climatic conditions. Against the background of the intensification of sheep breeding, there is a tendency in seasonality smoothing and shifting the maximum levels of population incidence of brucellosis to the spring season. Conclusion. The modern features of seasonal manifestation of brucellosis infection in the Republic of Tajikistan make it necessary to apply a differentiated approach to planning and conducting preventive measures in various areas of the country.

scholarly journals The impact of the employer brand on the corporate reputation of hotel companies

Marketing ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Jasmina Ognjanović
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Employer Brand ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Parametric

Employees are one of the key resources involved in building of corporate reputation. The efficiency of employees is reflected in the corporate reputation and depends on the development of the employer brand. The concept of the employer brand is aimed at building the image of attractive employer in the labor market and implies providing functional, psychological and economic benefits for potential and current employees. The aim of this paper is to examine the interdependence of the employer brand dimensions and the corporate reputation of the observed hotels in the Republic of Serbia. The research involved the application of correlation analysis, regression analysis and non-parametric tests to check the differences between groups. In the paper are observed three dimensions of the employer brand: functional-economic value, social value and interest value. It is proved and the presence of a positive and statistically significant correlation between the dimensions of the employer brand and the corporate reputation of the observed hotels. Based on the processed data, the influence of the dimensions of the employer brand on the corporate reputation of the hotel has been proven, with the strongest influence on the social value and functional-economic value. Non-parametric tests did not reveal a statistically significant difference in the level of development of the employer's brand dimensions between different categories of hotels.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF INCIDENCE RATE OF COVID-19, ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES, INFLUENZA AND COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN RUSSIA ACCORDING TO CLIMATE, GEOGRAFICAL ASPECTS AND POPULATION DENSITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pshenichnaya ◽  
Irina Lizinfeld ◽  
Grigory Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Background: Understanding the impact of geographical aspects and population density on the incidence rate (IR) of respiratory infections in Russia is necessary for successful control under the epidemic. Aim: to estimate the increase in IR of respiratory infections in 2020 compared to the same period of 2016-2019 Materials and methods: a retrospective study of IR of COVID-19, ARI, influenza and community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in summarily (respiratory infections and COVID-19 morbidity) in the first half of 2020 in comparison with morbidity of ARI, influenza and CAP (respiratory infections morbidity) the same period of 2016-2019 in 85 regions was performed. Additionally the influence of climate on COVID-19 morbidity were estimated. Results: The highest excess of respiratory infections and COVID-19 morbidity in 2020 versus the average respiratory infections morbidity in 2016-2019 was observed in Buryatia-107.61%; Zabaykalsky Krai -134.09%; Tuva – 166.34%; the Kaliningrad region – 1023.41%; the Republic of Altai – 1212.78%; Dagestan – 2030.27%. Buryatia, Tuva, Altai and Zabaykalsky Krai are located next to the China, and also border each other. The Kaliningrad region borders on the EU countries. Dagestan has a maritime border with 3 states, including Iran, where the epidemic COVID-19 began earlier. In 43 of the 85 regions of Russia, this excess was 10-50%; in 35 subjects varied from 50% to 100%. The correlation between the incidence of COVID-19 and the population density in the regions was weak (r=0.26). The air pollution, has also a weak relationship (r=0.26) to the incidence rate. Moderate relationship was observed between the severity of negative temperatures in winter and the level of morbidity(r=-0.51). Milder climate probably contributed to the longer persistence of the virus in the environment and social activity. Conclusion: Russian regions bordering the PRC, the EU, Central Asia and the Middle East demonstrated the highest IR of influenza, ARI, CAP and COVID-19in summarility in the first part of this year versus the morbidity of influenza, ARI, CAP in average in first half of 2016-2019. IR of COVID-19 has weak correlation with population density and air pollution and moderate negative correlation with winter temperature.

scholarly journals The prevalence of stress and burnout syndrome in hospital doctors and family physicians

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosana Stanetic ◽  
Suzana Savic ◽  
Maja Racic
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hospital Doctors ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Burnout syndrome is the result of chronic emotional stress. It is characterized by high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and reduced level of personal accomplishment. The aim of this study was to determine the level of stress and risk for burnout syndrome in doctors employed in health centers and hospitals, and to investigate the impact of socio-demographic characteristics on the level of stress and the occurrence of burnout syndrome. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from October 1 to December 31, 2015 in three health centers and in the University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska. The survey was anonymous. A socio-demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire for self-assessment of the level of stress and Maslach Burn?out Inventory were used as research instruments. Out of 151 doctors included in the study, 49% were family physicians, and 51% were hospital doctors. Results. The analysis of responses to questionnaires for self-assessment of stress level revealed that 51.7% of participants had high levels of stress (52.7% of family physicians, 50.6% of doctors working in hospital). A high degree of emotional exhaustion was found in 27.2% of participants (29.7% of family physicians, 24.6% of doctors working in hospital), high depersonalization was found in 23.8% of participants (25.7% of family physicians, 22.1% of doctors working in hospital), a low level of personal accomplishment was found in 39.7% of participants (37.8% of family physicians, 41.6% of doctors working in hospital). No statistically significant difference regarding stress degree, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and personal accomplishment was found between hospital doctors and family physicians. The physicians aged over 45 years had a significantly (p = 0.030) higher level of emotional exhaustion than their younger colleagues. Conclusion. This study found that there was a high risk of burnout syndrome in physicians in the Republic of Srpska. Although the exposure to professional stress was higher in family physicians than in hospital doctors, the obtained difference was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND EMPLOYEE STRESS: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYEES IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrijana Ristovska ◽  
◽  
Ljupco Eftimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Employee Stress ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

This paper addresses the issue of the importance and necessity of introducing constant organizational changes and their impact on employee stress as one of the primary pull factors of the employee turnover intention. In this regard, human resource managers in organizations are becoming increasingly aware that hiring and retaining talents are the most important determinants of success in the complex global world and that they must work more intensively on modernizing the process of change management to help employees, not only for acceptance, but also for their involvement in the change implementation process. The number of respondents from the processed data so far is 439 employees (differing according to their demographic characteristics). The purpose of this paper is to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the four different types of organizational change according to the Cummings and Worley (2014) organizational change classification (Human process changes; Techno-structural changes; Human resource management changes and Strategic changes), regarding their impact on the employee emotional state, as well as which type of organizational change has the most significant impact on employee stress in the Republic of North Macedonia. The survey findings contributed to the conclusion that Macedonian employees in terms of their feelings of fear, anxiety, nervousness, etc., equally perceive the impact of the different types of organizational change. More specifically, there are no statistically significant differences between the impacts of the different types of organizational change over the stress they face because of these changes.

Organisational Context for Effective Knowledge Sharing

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-298
Author(s):  
Marko Slavković ◽  
Marijana Simić
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Everyday Routine

In the knowledge era, organizations have to learn faster and better than competition, with the continuous cultivation of a culture of knowledge sharing. Attention should be paid to motivating employees to develop a positive attitude towards knowledge sharing, actively exchanging information and knowledge, continuously participating in learning processes, or putting knowledge sharing activities into everyday routine and habit. The research objectives are identification of the nature of the influence of intrinsic motivation on the knowledge sharing practice in organizations in the Republic of Serbia, determining the presence of a statistically significant difference in the intraorganizational knowledge sharing between multinational and domestic enterprises, and determining a statistically significant difference in the level of intrinsic motivation among employees in multinational companies and employees in domestic enterprises. The obtained results confirm the impact of intrinsic motivation on knowledge sharing.

Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Incidence of Dementia Among Senior Citizens of a Small Town in Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuna Arai ◽  
Yuriko Katsumata ◽  
Keita Konno ◽  
Hiko Tamashiro
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Dementia is one of the common causes that lead to dependence of senior citizens in daily living. Clarifying the features of the elderly with dementia is instrumental in planning for their effective care and support in a community, and for attempts at prevention. Our purpose was to investigate the impact of sociodemographic factors among the elderly with the presumptive diagnosis of dementia. We carried out a survey annually from 1998 to 2002 in a dynamic cohort of community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older. Of the 945 subjects, 782 were eligible for study because at the first interview they were asymptomatic for dementia and not institutionalized. We found no significant difference in a 5-year average incidence rate between genders. However, the risk of developing dementia increased with age. The study population was categorized into three groups of living arrangement: those living with spouse and others, those living alone, and those living with persons other than the spouse. The incidence rate of dementia among the elderly who lived with spouse and others was significantly lower than for those among the other groups. This was also notable in the subjects without a history of stroke, even after adjustment for age and gender. This result indicates that living with spouse might have an important benefit in reducing the risk of developing dementia, although this effect would vary with the type of dementing disease. We suggest that preventive measures in clinical and community care of the elderly should focus on interactive social conditions such as living environments.

scholarly journals Impact of Identification and Treatment of Depression in Heart Transplant Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ike Okwuosa ◽  
Dara Pumphrey ◽  
Jyothy Puthumana ◽  
Rachel-Maria Brown ◽  
William Cotts
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Orthotopic Heart Transplantation ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cardiac Heart Failure ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
The Impact

Background. The effects of clinical depression after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) are relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of depression on outcomes after OHT. Methods. We performed a single center retrospective review of 102 consecutive patients who underwent OHT at Northwestern Memorial Hospital from June 2005 to October 2009. The diagnosis of depression was obtained from attending physician documentation. The primary endpoints were all-cause mortality (ACM), hospitalizations, and rejection. Results. Of 102 OHT patients, 26 (26%) had depression. Depressed patients were similar in age to nondepressed patients (57.6 years versus 56.9, P=0.79). There was no statistical difference in survival between groups at 5 years after OHT (P=0.94). All-cause hospitalizations were higher in depressed versus nondepressed patients (4.3 versus 2.6 hospitalizations P=0.05). There were no significant differences in hospitalizations between the two groups for the following complications: cardiac (heart failure, edema, arrhythmias, and acute rejection) and infections. There was no significant difference in episodes of 2R and 3R rejection. Conclusion. Early identification and treatment of depression in OHT patients result in outcomes similar to nondepressed patients.

scholarly journals The importance of a realistically determined amount of tax on property rights relating to the ownership of agricultural land in the Republic of Serbia adopted by tax authorities of local self-government units

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042
Author(s):  
Slobodan Popović ◽  
Jelena Vitomir ◽  
Sonja Tomaš-Miskin ◽  
Tatjana Davidov ◽  
Sanda Nastić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
The Impact

It has been argued for a long time in academic papers which corporate governance factors have a significant impact on gains of a great number of businessmen. However, such studies rarely examine the impact taxation issues on agriculture. This paper differs from other published papers because its focus is tax on agricultural land in an economy in transition. The primary aim of the authors was to find rules in taxpayers' conduct after being served tax decisions issued by local tax authorities with the assessed tax. The following aim was to find out how tax authorities respond to receiving complaints on the assessed tax lodged by the affected tax payers. The conclusions are as follows: first, there is a difference in tax amounts assessed by local tax authorities relating to property rights of taxpayers resulting from their ownership of agricultural land: second, there is a significant difference in tax amounts assessed following the complaints lodged by taxpayers in all four categories of tax rates set by tax authorities for the four respective zones.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT - EXAMPLE OF UNDEVELOPED VILLAGES IN REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

2021 ◽  
Vol XIX (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research in this paper is to determine which factors the local population identifies as those that can, through the development of tourism, most influence or predict rural development or revitalization in the Republic of Serbia. In order to examine this, the survey was conducted during 2019, on a total sample of 680 respondents, in 45 rural municipalities in the country. The authors used a modified questionnaire, containing four groups of factors, with adequate 22 questions for research on a given issue. The SPSS AMOS software, version 26.00, was used for data analysis and processing. The authors checked the reliability of the questionnaire, whose value proved to be very good, and confirmed the grouping into exactly four groups of factors by Factor analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis yielded average scores for given items. The obtained suitability indices indicated the agreement of the Structural structural equation modeling (SEM) with the data, as well as the quality of the research and the confirmation of the hypotheses. The obtained results of the SEM analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the impact of given factors in predicting rural development, and that the local population has a positive attitude about the impact of tourism on rural development.

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