A CHEMICAL BASIS FOR PLANT RESISTANCE TO GRASS GRUB AND BLACK BEETLE LARVAE (COLEOPTERA : SCARABAEIDAE)

1975 ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
O.R.W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Feeding Deterrents ◽  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Pasture Plants

Crude extracts of root of the resistant pasture plants lucerne (Medicago sativa) and Lotus pedunculatus contain strong feeding deterrents for third instar Costelytra zealandica and Heteronychus arutor larvae. Purified saponins isolated from active crude lucerne root extract markedly reduce grass grub feeding and have an ED of 0.019%. Black beetle larvae are even more sensitive to the material. Separate and chemically distinct feeding deterrent fractions, active against the two insects, have been isolated from Lotus pedunculatus root. The role of feeding deterrents in mediating the non-preference of these insect pests for lucerne and Lotus is discussed.

scholarly journals The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOPIALENA SOPIALENA ◽  
SURYA SILA ◽  
ROSFIANSYAH ROSFIANSYAH ◽  
JULI NURDIANA
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Chili Peppers ◽  
Organic Pesticides

Sopialena, Sila S, Rosfiansyah, Nurdiana J. 2018. The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Nusantara Bioscience 10: 246-250. The agricultural crops and horticultural plants are always under constant assault caused by diseases, insect pests, viruses, and other pathogens which may substantially reduce yield. Chili Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a popular horticultural plant of the Solanaceae family in Indonesia. Some serious diseases widely found in chili peppers, are anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici), leaf spot (Cercospora capsici) and fruit rot (Phytophthora capsici). To manage the potential problems, this study is aimed to provide an explanatory knowledge of the use of plant-based pesticide to control the diseases in chili peppers. The information is meant to fill the knowledge gaps in the use of plant-based pesticide to control the chili diseases. The use of nonchemical pesticide benefits not only the environment but also as an organic strategy for disease management. This research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) categorized into four groups and six different treatments. The organic pesticides were prepared from the extract of neem leaves, soursop leaves, lemongrass extract, tuba root extract, and kenikir/Cosmos caudatus extract). The result indicates that neem leaves are the most effective organic pesticides to control the chili pepper disease in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Biological control of pastoral pests using Acremonium spp. endophytes

1994 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Prestidge ◽  
A.J. Popay ◽  
O.J-P Ball
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Insect Feeding ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis

Although the role of the endophytic fungus Acremonium lolii in protecting the host plant from attack by insect pests, particularly Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis), is often described in terms of plant resistance, it is a case of classical biological control. Endophytes in commercially available perennial ryegrass cultivars are acting as biological control agents against at least four pest species in New Zealand. Generally, endophyte adversely affects insect stages that feed on the above-ground parts of the plant, particularly those stages that feed near the base of the plant. It is apparent from insect feeding tests that there is no one universal anti-insect metabolite that will adversely affect all pest populations. It is therefore likely that an endophytelgrass combination that produces a cocktail of metabolites at low concentrations may be more useful than a combination that produces a very narrow suite of metabolites. Keywords: Acremonium spp., Listronotus bonariensis, Heteronychus arator, Costelytra zealandica, Wiseana spp., biological control, endophyte

scholarly journals Role of beneficial fungi in managing diseases and insect pests of tea plantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor Chand Kumhar ◽  
Azariah Babu ◽  
John Peter Arulmarianathan ◽  
Bhabesh Deka ◽  
Mitali Bordoloi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Beneficial Fungi

scholarly journals Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽  
Sasmita Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

A role of hexokinases in plant resistance to oxidative stress and pathogen infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujon Sarowar ◽  
Jae -Yong Lee ◽  
Eu -Ree Ahn ◽  
Hyun -Sook Pai
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Pathogen Infection

The role of quality seed use for world crop production with special reference to the developing countries

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
W P Feistritzer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pasture Plants

In this short article the author indicates the present stages of development of variety evaluation, testing, certification, production and marketing of quality seed—of cereals, industrial crops, pasture plants and vegetables—in major geographical regions of the world and draws attention to some of the underlying problems which must be faced in the future if further progress is to be made.

scholarly journals Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Emerging as an Effective Bioinoculant to Improve the Growth, Production and Stress Tolerance of Vegetable Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12245
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Ved Prakash Giri ◽  
Shipra Pandey ◽  
Anmol Gupta ◽  
Manish Kumar Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Vegetable cultivation is a promising economic activity, and vegetable consumption is important for human health due to the high nutritional content of vegetables. Vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and several phytochemical compounds. However, the production of vegetables is insufficient to meet the demand of the ever-increasing population. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitate the growth and production of vegetable crops by acquiring nutrients, producing phytohormones, and protecting them from various detrimental effects. In this review, we highlight well-developed and cutting-edge findings focusing on the role of a PGPR-based bioinoculant formulation in enhancing vegetable crop production. We also discuss the role of PGPR in promoting vegetable crop growth and resisting the adverse effects arising from various abiotic (drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals) and biotic (fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and insect pests) stresses.

scholarly journals Big-eged bugs Geocoris: Diets research and potential of use in prevention of a number of insect pests in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Bao Chau ◽  
Le Thuy To Nhu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
Agriculture Development

Big-eyed bugs Geocoris spp. (Lygaeidae, Hemiptera) are small insects that is found in many parts of the world. They are beneficial because they eat a multitude of insect pests in agriculture. Big-eyed bugs Geocoris spp. are insects that receive research attention in Florida and elsewhere because of the benefits that this species give to plants (Mead, 2001). Big-eyed bugs reproduce many generations in a year on weeds, perennial crops, bushes. In spring the female big-eyed bugs start laying eggs on the bud, the leaves of the host plant. Understanding the biology and the role of predator Geocoris spp. in ecosystem will provide an alternative method in sustainable agriculture development. In this short review, we discuss some convenient diets for the application of mass rearing Geocoris spp.

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