scholarly journals ALTERNATIVE PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS FOR HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
N.S. Percival ◽  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
J.P. Every ◽  
S.S.S. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Second Year

The role of alternative phosphorus sources to single superphosphate as a maintenance fertiliser for hill country was evaluated in five experiments between 1986 1982. The experiments were located at Gisborne, Rotorua and Te Kuiti. Reactive rock phosphate-sulphur granules (previously known as biosuper) were as effective as superphosphate in the year of application, but the reactive rock phosphates applied alone were as effective on only two of the sites. Superphosphate/reactive rock mixtures were less effective than superphosphate. While most fertilisers had substantial residual effects in the second year after application there was no clear pattern between materials. When taken over two years, a single biennial application of all fertilisers was at least as effective as two annual dressings at half the rate. The role of alternative phosphorus fertilisers is discussed in terms of their cost and agronomic effectiveness, the requirements for other elements,and the structure of the present fertiliser industry. Keywords: superphosphate, phosphorus, phosphatic fertilisers, biosuper, hill country, Sechura, North Carolina, Jordan.

An isotope injection technique to measure agronomic effectiveness of different phosphate sources in undisturbed soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Di ◽  
R Harrison ◽  
AS Campbell
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
North Carolina Phosphate Rock ◽  
Undisturbed Soils

This paper describes the use of an isotope injection technique for assessing the agronomic effectiveness of phosphate sources in undisturbed soils in field and glasshouse experiments. A special injection apparatus consisting of 20 syringe needles linked to a common reservoir was used to label soil cores 150 mm in diameter and 150 mm in height, without significantly disturbing the soil structure and established perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) root patterns. Variations in the amount of phosphorus (P) taken up by plants from single superphosphate (applied at 30, 60, and 100 kg P/ha), from 30% acidulated North Carolina phosphate rock (60 g P/ha), and from 'as received' North Carolina phosphate rock (60 kg P/ha) were indicated by the specific activity of the plant P. Percentages of plant P derived from the fertilisers were calculated on the basis of the specific activity of the fertilised treatments and the controls. The technique provides a simple method of comparing the agronomic effectiveness of phosphate sources in undisturbed soils and, unlike total dry matter yield and P uptake, is relatively unaffected by environmental factors.

scholarly journals Comparison of phosphate fertilisers in a grazed hill country pasture

1990 ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Second Year

A grazing trial evaluated the agronomic effectiveness of 3 different types of phosphate (P) fertilisers. The same fertilisers were also evaluated in a small-plot mowing trial located within the grazing trial. In the grazing trial, which covered 35 ha of summer moist hill country, the partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) and reactive phosphate rock (RPR) were as effective as superphosphate in stimulating legume and pasture production in the first year. In the second year the two slow-release materials continued to perform as well as SSP. In contrast in the mowing trial, superphosphate was more effective than RPR in the first year. This trial technique clearly underestimates the initial effectiveness of PAPR and RPR in grazed hill country. The traditional small-plot mowing trial technique, and the role of PAPR and RPR fertilisers in hill country, both need re-evaluation. Keywords hill country, superphosphate, slow release fertilisers, mowing trials, grazed pasture

scholarly journals Phosphorus sources residual effects on Tifton 85 production and nutritive value cultivated in a tropical weathered soil1

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Coutinho Junqueira Franco ◽  
Bernardo Melo Montes Nogueira Borges ◽  
Sergio Gustavo Quassi de Castro ◽  
Michele Xavier Vieira Megda ◽  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Phosphorus Sources

Acid reactions and low available phosphorus in tropical soils limit forage yield. The aim was to evaluate soil chemical characteristics pH, P and Mg, forage nutritive values, critical soil and plant P levels and the residual effect of each source. The experiment was in a greenhouse with a Rhodic Haplustox, loam texture. Experimental design was a 5 x 4 factorial with five replicates which phosphate fertilizers were triple superphosphate, reactive rock phosphates Gafsa and Arad, and fused magnesium phosphate powder and coarse, applied at rates of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg kg-1 P and a control treatment without P. The effectiveness of rock phosphates increased due to their residual effect. The coarse fused magnesium phosphate resulted in the lowest efficiency. The P critical level in soil and plant were 18 mg kg-1 and 2.4 g kg-1, respectively. The increase of phosphorus rates provided an increase in crude protein content.

Beneficiation of apatite rock phosphates by calcination: effects on chemical properties and fertiliser effectiveness

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Lim ◽  
R. J. Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Crystal Properties

Apatitic rock phosphates (RP) are commonly calcined to remove impurities and to increase phosphorus (P) concentration but calcination decreases the agronomic effectiveness of RPs used for direct application to soils. This study investigated the effect of calcination on 6 apatite RPs (Christmas Island A-ore, Egypt, Morocco, North Carolina, Queensland, and Sechura). RPs were uncalcined (25°C) and calcined at 500°C, 900°C, and 1100°C. They were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET-N 2 surface area technique. P dissolution in 2% citric acid with a 128 h extraction time was measured. Chemical results were compared with those from a plant growth experiment, where wheat was fertilised with the calcined RP products. Calcination at 1100°C reduced the agronomic effectiveness of apatite RPs by about 90%, by altering the crystal properties and the particle size of the RPs. Unit-cell a dimension increased from values of 9.324—9.375 Å to approximately 9.38 Å, indicating that the carbonate containing apatite RPs altered to less-soluble fluorapatite. Apatite average crystal size (coherently diffracting zone) more than doubled and BET-N 2 specific surface area decreased by 95%, due to crystal growth and sintering. Consequently, the extent of dissolution in 2% citric acid and agronomic effectiveness decreased substantially. Calcination at 500°C and 900°C produced similar but smaller changes in mineral properties. It is concluded that beneficiation of apatitic RP by calcination will adversely affect the agronomic effectiveness of RP used for direct application to soils.

The effect of rock phosphate-enriched compost on the yield and phosphorus nutrition of rye grass

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Singh ◽  
A. Amberger
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soluble P

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of compost enriched with rock phosphate on the yield and phosphate nutrition of rye grass in a calcareous clay loam soil. Enriched compost was prepared by composting either Mussoorie rock phosphate (MP) or Hyper rock phosphate (HP) separately with wheat straw for up to 120 days. A significant amount of insoluble P was solubilized from both kinds of rock phosphates and converted to water soluble, organic, and formic acid soluble P fractions during composting. MP-enriched compost (MPEC) and HP-enriched compost (HPEC) contain 0.30% and 0.34% water soluble P205, 1.94% and 1.42% organic P2O5 2.82% and 3.28% formic acid soluble P2O5, and 1.76% and 1.18% insoluble P2O5, respectively. In a greenhouse study, the yield of ryegrass (three cuttings) with both enriched composts was not significantly different from that of single superphosphate fertilizer (SSP). Phosphorus fractions of soil before sowing and after harvesting the rye grass showed that fixation of P with native soil calcium was much higher with SSP than with enriched composts. No significant differences were observed between MRP and HRP.

scholarly journals Response ofSorghum bicolorL. to Residual Phosphate on Two Contrasting Soils Previously Planted to Cowpea or Maize

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tola Omolayo Olasunkanmi ◽  
Ezekiel Akinkunmi Akinrinde
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
P Fertilizer

Proper fertilizer nutrient management through adequate utilization of the residual value coupled with healthy crop rotation contributes significantly to sustainable crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate the direct and residual effects of two rock phosphate (RP) materials on two contrasting soils previously planted with either the cereal crop or the leguminous crop. The effectiveness of the RP materials as substitute for the conventional P fertilizers was evaluated using single superphosphate as reference at the Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiments were 2 × 2 × 4 factorial in completely randomized design. The test crops in the first cropping performed better on the slightly acidic loamy sand than on the strongly acidic sandy clay loam. Performance of each crop was improved by P supply in the first and second cropping. Single superphosphate proved to be more efficient than the RPs in the first cropping but not as effective as MRP in the second cropping. In the second cropping, sorghum performed better on the soil previously cropped to cowpea while Morocco RP had the highest residual effect among the P-fertilizer sources. It is evident that rock phosphates are better substitutes to the conventional phosphorus fertilizers due to their long term residual effect in soils. The positive effects of healthy rotation of crops as well as the negative effects of low soil pH are also quite obvious.

Tests for phosphates from Rum Jungle, Northern Territory

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Fisher ◽  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Term Field

Phosphate-rich rock from Rum Jungle, N.T., was tested as fertilizer against Christmas Island rock phosphate dust (CIRPD) and superphosphate in two pot and three field experiments. The Rum Jungle material had little short-term value as fertilizer, but the long-term residual effects were about 60 per cent of those of CIRPD. Calcining at 450�C gave a marked improvement in short-term response in pots, but had little effect in a long-term field experiment. Pelletting the Rum Jungle material with sulphur and Thiobacillus ('biosuper') increased its effectiveness in the field at the end of the second year to the equivalent of that of superphosphate.

Defluorinated rock phosphate as a source of phosphorus for growing sheep

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Hemingway ◽  
G. Fishwick
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Growing Cattle

Defluorination of rock phosphate by heat treatment is an important method of producing phosphates suitable for animal feed. A variety of such products have been evaluated as phosphorus sources for ruminants, e.g. Beeson et al. (1945) recorded that a material produced at a low temperature (600°C) was unsatisfactory for steers, but Ammerman et al. (1957) indicated that a calcined calcium phosphate acidified with either sulphuric or phosphoric acids was fully as satisfactory as dicalcium phosphate for steers, but not for growing sheep. Wise, Wentworth & Smith (1961) and O'Donovan et al. (1965) recorded that defluorinated rock phosphates (produced by unspecified methods) were as useful as dicalcium phosphate for growing cattle. Arrington et al. (1963) have reported that 32P contained in reagent grade dicalcium phosphate was better retained by growing cattle than when present as a defluorinated rock phosphate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phosphorus sources on performance, organ weight and blood parameters of pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre de Oliveira Teixeira ◽  
Eduardo Terra Nogueira ◽  
Anderson Corassa ◽  
Vanusa Patrícia de Araújo Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Magno Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Different Sources

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different sources of phosphorus on performance, organ weight and blood parameters of pigs. One hundred and twelve pigs with body weight 28.65±2.82kg were distributed into randomized blocks, in a 8 × 2 factorial scheme (eight sources of phosphorus × two sexes), with four repetitions for males and three for females, with two animals per pen. The pigs were fed diets containing: dicalcium phosphate (DCP); monodicalcium phosphate (MCP); triple superphosphate (TS); single superphosphate (SS), Catalão-rock phosphate (ROCK), mix of sources (MIX), phosphoric acid (PAc) or a diet without any supplemental source of phosphorus (CONT). At 60 and 90kg, all pigs were weighed and blood samples were collected to determine alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and one animal per pen was killed to weigh the liver and kidneys and evaluate carcass yield. The use of diet CONT reduced the weight gain and feed intake, worsened feed:gain ratio and increased the relative weight of the kidneys, APA and Ca, and decreased blood P. The sources DCP, MCP, TS and PAc reduced the APA and maintained the P and Ca in the blood constant. Phosphorus sources TS, SS, ROCK and MIX generate similar levels of APA in pigs from 30 to 90kg to the diet without inorganic source of phosphorus without affecting their performance.

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