scholarly journals Plantain seed production in a radial trial

1990 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
J.S. Rowarth
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Positive Effect

Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) was grown in a radial trial in order to investigate the effect of plant density on seed production. Plant densities ranged from 278 plants/m2 to 17 plants/m2 in 9 arcs. Plants were monitored and harvested individually, thus giving effective high replication (32). Decreasing plant density had a significant positive effect on seed head production (both numbers and size of head), seed yield and plant vigour. Highest seed yield was associated with a density of 17 plants/m2. Keywords: plantain, seed production, plant density, competition, radial trial design

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF DATE OF PLANTING AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON GROWTH COMPONENTS OF COLUMBUS GRASS (SORGHUM ALMUM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
I. R. Muhammad ◽  
M. S Kallah ◽  
E. O. Otchere ◽  
J. P. Otchere ◽  
J. P. Alawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
High Tillering

Trials were conducted at Gangora in the northern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria during the 1990 and 1991 rainy seasons. The effects of date of planting (4th,14th, 24th June and 4th  July) and levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50,100, 150 and 200kg/ha) on growth components of Sorghum almum  were investigated. Planting in mid-June (14th June) in 1990 and early-July (4th July) in 1991 resulted in superior stand established and dry matter yields (p<0.05) than other dates. In mid-June and early-July planting 14 day post-planting, plant densities were 7.0 and 9.0 culms/m2 while plant heights were 20.4 and 11.3cm for the respective years. It had high tillering capacity and irrespective of date of planting (except for early-June planting) plant densities by 56 days post-planting (DPP) were greater than 100 culms/m2. Plant height at this stage were greater than 100 culms/m2 and were generally above 200cm. ninety DPP the pasture was at full bloom/hard dough stage. Dm yields then ranged from 8.0 to 11.4 tDM/ha in 1990 and 9.6 to 14.7 tDM/ha in 1991. Similarly seed yield for the respective years were 894.7 and 836.3 kg/ha. Fertilizer application (p<0.05) plant vigour, tillering and dry matter yield up to the highest N applied. In the first years trial, plant density at 35 days post-planting ranged from 12.0 to 29.0 culms/m2 while in the second year the ranged was 13.0 to 26.0 culms/m2. The corresponding values at 56 DPP (i.e 42 days following N application) were 32.0 to 81.0 and 45.0 to 101.0 culms/m2. Dry matter yields rose steadily from 6.5 to 12.5 tDM/ha in 1990 and from 8.9 to 13.6 tDM/ha in 1991 as fertilizer was increased 0 to 200 kgN/ha. Seed yield during the same period for the respective years varied from 416.0 to 753.0kg/ha. This study has shown that planting between mid-June and early-July with fertilize application of 100 to 200 khN/ha favour S. almum establishment and production in the northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

An analysis of the growth of mung beans at a range of plant densities in tropical Australia. II. Seed production

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Muchow ◽  
DA Charles-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Critical Rate ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Pod Growth

An analysis of seed production by crops of Vigna radiata cvv. Berken and CES-ID-21 and V. mungo cv. Regur, grown at a range of plant densities, indicated that the proportion of carbon assimilated during pod-filling and partitioned to the seed varied in such a way that seed yield at maturity was relatively unaffected by plant density. Seed yield of Regur was much higher than that of either Berken or CES-ID-21, and this could be attributed primarily to the longer duration of pod-filling in Regur rather than to any differences in potential pod growth rates. The data support the hypothesis that during the period of pod initiation, each viable pod requires a critical rate of supply of assimilate, and suggest that this critical rate of supply is less for V. mungo than for V. uadiata. Whilst pod number, and hence seed yield, was determined by the rate of assimilate supply during the period of pod initiation, not all the dry matter accumulated during pod-filling was partitioned to the pods. Hence seed yield in these mung bean cultivars does not appear to be determined solely by assimilate supply during pod-filling.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Plant Density and Fruit and Seed Production in Muskmelon

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim Nerson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
High Seed Yield

Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to examine the effects of plant density on yield and quality of fruit and seeds of muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.). Two open-pollinated cultivars, Noy Yizre'el (Ha'Ogen type) and TopMark (western U.S. shipper type), were grown at plant densities ranging from 0.5 to 16.0 plants/m2 under commercial conditions. The highest marketable fruit yields were achieved with plant densities of 2 to 4 plants/m2. In contrast, the highest seed yields were obtained at 8 to 12 plants/m2. Seed yield index [seed yield (g)/fruit yield (kg)] was used as a parameter to define seed production efficiency. High seed yield was closely related to high value of the seed yield index. High seed yield indexes resulted from high plant densities (up to 12 plants/m2), at which the crops produced many, but relatively small fruit. In all cases, the seed yield per fruit (seed number and seed size) increased with increasing fruit weight. However, the sum of the seed yield of two small fruit was always greater than the seed yield of one, double-sized fruit. There was a clear exception with extremely small fruit (<500 g), which produced both low seed yields and poor seed quality. A positive relationship was found between fruit size and seed size in both cultivars. Nevertheless, relatively small seeds (25 to 30 mg) extracted from relatively small fruit (500 to 1000 g) showed the best performance in terms of germination and emergence percentages and rates, and in the vegetative development vigor of the seedlings.

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Yantai ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
H. Randy Kutcher ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Byron Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

scholarly journals Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 1. Yield and plant development

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Crop Density

A field study was conducted with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) to determine the effect of the initial population density and spatial arrangement of plants on crop development and seed yield. Individual seedling plants were transplanted at seven densities (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 plants m−2) and three row spacings (20, 40, and 80 cm), and characteristics of seed production were determined for 3 yr (1991–1993). Over the 3 yr, heading commenced at dates differing by 15 d and was delayed, as density increased, by 8, 6, and 2 d, respectively, in the first, second, and third production years. The time of seed maturity differed among years (21 July to 4 August) but was generally unaffected by density or row spacing. In the first production year, seed yield increased with density up to 25 plants m−2 for each row spacing, then remained constant to at least 50 plants m−2 with both 20- or 40-cm rows; it decreased slightly at 100 plants m−2 with 20 cm rows. In the second production year, seed yield was relatively independent of plant density except that it decreased when the initial density was less than 6 plants m−2 with a row spacing of 80 cm, and tended to be greatest with the 40-cm row spacing at 6–25 plants m−2. In the third production year, seed yield was much lower than in the previous 2 yr but the pattern of response to the density and row spacing treatments was similar to that in the second production year. The seed yield of tall fescue can be optimized for at least 3 consecutive years by establishing an initial density of 20–100 plants m−2 in rows spaced 20–60 cm apart. If the maximization of first-year seed yield is a priority, then the initial establishment should be at a density of 25–50 plants m−2 in rows spaced 20–40 cm apart. Key words: Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber, population density, plant spacing, seed production

Effect of plant density and herbicide application on alfalfa seed and weed yields

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
R. W. Richards ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Seed Yields

Alfalfa was seeded in row spacings of 36, 72 and 108 cm and at broadcast seeding rates of 0.33, 1.0 and 3.0 kg ha−1 on irrigated land at Tilley (1983) and Lethbridge (1984), Alberta to determine the effect of plant density on weed growth and alfalfa seed yield. During the seed-producing years at each location, herbicide treatments were overlaid on seeding treatments in a split-block arrangement to assess the joint effect of herbicides and plant density on alfalfa seed yield. Hexazinone was the main herbicide used for weed control. Alfalfa seed and weeds were harvested for 5 yr following alfalfa establishment. Alfalfa seed yields tended to be maximum with 36-cm row spacings or the 3.0 kg ha−1 broadcast seeding rate, and were similar in row-seeded and broadcast-seeded alfalfa. Dry matter yields of weeds decreased as row spacings decreased or the broadcast seeding rate increased. Hexazinone controlled quackgrass, sow thistle, flixweed and kochia. In the experiment at Tilley with perennial weed infestations, mean alfalfa seed yields from 1984 to 1985 were 20% larger when herbicides were used than in the untreated check. Alfalfa plant densities slightly larger than currently recommended usually produced the largest seed yields and smallest weed infestations. Key words: Medicago sativa, quackgrass, kochia, sow thistle, flixweed, hexazinone

scholarly journals Performance of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan. L) Varieties under Different Spacings During Rabi Season

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
K. Indudha Reddy ◽  
A. V. Ramanjaneyulu ◽  
M. V. Nagesh Kumar ◽  
C. V. Sameer Kumar ◽  
M. Venkata Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Benefit Cost

An experiment was conducted with the objective of ascertaining the feasibility of cultivation of pigeonpea during rabi season in the alfisols of Southern Telangana Zone. Further, it was designed to understand the performance of pigeonpea genotypes at various plant densities and also the economics of pigeonpea cultivation during rabi season. It consisted of 12 treatments with four plant densities in main plots and three genotypes in sub plots in split plot design. The pooled data of 2015-16 and 2016-17 revealed that significantly higher seed yield (1532 kg ha-1) was recorded at plant density of 60 cm × 10 cm spacing than at 45cm × 10cm (1332 kg/ha), 75 cm × 10 cm (1321 kg/ha) and 90 cm × 10 cm (1141 kg/ha). Among the genotypes, the seed yield in PRG-158 (1547 kg/ha) and Asha (ICPL 87119) (1591 kg/ha) was on par with each other but significantly higher than in PRG-176 (857 kg/ha). The higher gross returns (Rs. 77366 ha-1), net returns (Rs.46733 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.53) was recorded at plant density of 60 cm × 10 cm spacing than at other tested plant densities (45 cm × 10 cm, 75 cm × 10 cm and 90 cm × 10 cm). Among the genotypes, Asha (ICPL 87119) registered highest gross returns (Rs. 80346 ha-1), net returns (Rs.49711 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.62) followed by PRG-158 (gross returns of Rs. 78124ha-1, net returns of Rs.47489 ha-1 and benefit cost ratio of 2.55) and PRG-176 (gross returns of Rs. 43279ha-1, net returns of Rs.13144 ha-1 and benefit cost ratio of 1.44). Thus, the spacing of 60 cm × 10 cm is recommended for the cultivation of pigeonpea during rabi season in alfisols of Southern Telangana Zone with long duration varieties like PRG-158 and Asha (ICPL-87119).

scholarly journals Evaluation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for seed production

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
R. Das ◽  
U. Thapa ◽  
S. Debnath ◽  
Y. A. Lyngdoh ◽  
D. Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Vigour Index

An experimental study was conducted during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Horticulture Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Monhanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India, to evaluate the performance of fourteen different bush type French bean genotypes for seed yield and to study varietal characterization based on plant morphology. The genotypes, studied under this experiment were namely, Abhay, Shillong Local-3, Arjun, Selection-9, Arka Anoop, Arka Komal, Badshah, Anupam, Arka Suvidha, Falguni, Sonali, Local, Victoria and Vaishnavi-264. From overall point of view of the outcome of the experiment, it has been revealed that genotype with relatively bolder seeds with more number of seeds per pod, and higher bearing capacity per plant generally gives higher seed yield. Among the genotypes under study, Arka Suvidha was the best one as it produced the highest seed yield (2180.92 kg/ha) and relatively good plant vigour and fairly high seed vigour index (2944.38). Falguni and Mohanpur Local also can be considered promising once for seed production point of view.

Research in white clover seed production

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
P.T.P. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Closing Date ◽  
General Management ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

White clover seed yields from crops derived from pure autumn broadcast sowings harvested in the first year after sowing were improved by increasing sowing rate from 3 to 6 kg/ha. On moisture-retentive soils or where irrigation was available, mid-November closings gave highest seed yields for crops derived from either spring undersowings of cereals or as ryegrass mixtures taken for ryegrass seed in the first year from sowing. Closing a month earlier gave similar yields if 30 cm rather than 15 cm row spacings were used. Harvest should be no later than one month from main flowering to reduce the numbers of seedheads lost. General management should aim to promote good primary stolon growth rates over the month prior to mid-December if high flowerhead densities are to be obtained. Therefore excessive grazing before closing and poor timing of herbicide spraying for grass control should be avoided. Keywords: Trifolium repens, seed production, plant density, closing date, pollination, seed harvesting, management.

EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY ON THE YIELD OF SORGHUM–COWPEA AND PEARL MILLET–COWPEA INTERCROPS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Q. CRAUFURD
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Theoretical Maximum ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Cereal Plant ◽  
Plant Densities

Three alternate-row intercrop experiments of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)–cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and/or millet (Pennisetum glaucum)–cowpea were grown at plant densities of 20 000 to 80 000 plants ha−1 at two locations in northern Nigeria between 1990 and 1992 to examine relations between yield and plant density. These relations were examined using the reciprocals of yield per plant to determine effects of environment, species and genotype on the theoretical maximum yield and optimum plant density. The intercrops were dominated by cereals, and cowpea biomass (BY) and seed yield (SY) were <10% of cereal BY and SY. Cowpea yields decreased as cereal plant density (D) increased, whereas cereal and total intercrop yields increased asymptotically with increasing D. Biomass yield of all intercrops responded to increasing D in a similar manner and the theoretical maximum intercrop BY was 12 290 kg ha−1 in all experiments. The response of SY to D varied among intercrops and was greatest and least with early and late maturing cereals respectively. The optimum D required to produce 90% maximum intercrop BY and SY varied between 15 600 and 30 000 plants ha−1, and 0 (no response to D) and 120 000 plants ha−1 respectively, and was higher for sorghum than for millet intercrops. The implications of these responses for agronomic management and germplasm improvement of cereal–cowpea intercrops are discussed.

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