scholarly journals Some basic concepts of pasture seed mixtures for New Zealand farms

1991 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
J.F.L. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Species Mixtures

Seeds mixtures for New Zealand pastures developed from British practices with sowing of multi-species seeds mixtures during early years of settlement. Breeding and seed production of ryegrasses and clovers in the 1930s led to use of simple mixtures, still the most commonly used. Since the mid 197Os, new species have been released, and are now becoming more popular. Advantages and some potential problems of species mixtures are outlined, and simple concepts of compiling seeds mixtures are explained, with particular reference to seeding rate and sowing time. Keywords species, seeds mixtures, pasture renewal, sowing rates, seedling establishment, competition

DISEASES AND PESTS OF GRASS SEED CROPS

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
R.E. Falloon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Seed Crops

This paper will discuss the diseases and pests that affect grass seed production. In order to put the diseases and pests into perspective, the principlesof grass seed production will be considered. The components of yield of any crop for which seed is the product are: number of plants per unit area; number of inflorescences per plant; number of seeds per inflorescence; seed weight, Many factors can influence these components, for example: (1) crop establishment (cultivation, seed quality, seeding rate, sowing time, soil moisture and fertility can all affect numbers of plants) (2) crop growth (soil moisture, fertility, grazing and weeds can affect crop growth and influence numbers of inflorescences and numbers and weight of seeds).

Seeding rate, time of sowing and fertilizers for subterranean clover seed production

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Quinlivan ◽  
AC Devitt ◽  
CM Francis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
High Phosphate

In two experiments in successive years on a sandy soil in Western Australia, seed production of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) when sown as a commercial crop was greatly influenced by time of sowing, phosphate rates and seeding rate. Early (April) sowing, high phosphate (up to 600 kg ha-1) and higher seeding rates (up to 24 kg ha-1) all increased seed set but the major effect was that of earliness of sowing. Time of sowing interacted with phosphate rates, the time of sowing differences being only fully expressed at high phosphate rates. Artificial nitrogen applied had a significant effect on seed yield in one of the trial years.

Population dynamics of Stylosanthes hamata and S. scabra in north-eastern Queensland: effects of superphosphate application, timber treatment, and stocking rate

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. McIvor ◽  
Chris J. Gardener
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus ◽  
Seed Yields

The effects of pasture management (superphosphate application, timber treatment, stocking rate) on the herbage yields and population dynamics (seed production, seedling numbers, plant longevity) of Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and S. scabra cv. Seca grown in grass-legume mixtures were measured from 1982 to 1992 at 2 sites, Hillgrove (extractable phosphorus, 50 mg/kg) and Cardigan (extractable phosphorus, 6 mg/kg), near Charters Towers, north-eastern Queensland. Stylosanthes hamata was higher yielding during the first 3 years at both sites but subsequently S. scabra produced the larger yields. This resulted in S. hamata dominating the legume component in the early years but the proportion of S. hamata then declined, so that by the final year, S. hamata contributed <20% of the legume mixture at both sites. Both seed yields and seedling numbers varied widely between years for both species at both sites. In the early years there were more S. hamata seedlings but in the later years S. scabra had greater seedling numbers. Seed yield and seedling numbers were not significantly affected by superphosphate but both were higher for S. hamata on plots with live trees than on plots with killed trees; numbers of seeds and seedlings of S. scabra were not affected by tree killing. Seed and seedling numbers of both species tended to be greatest at the intermediate stocking rates. Survival of both S. hamata and S. scabra at both sites conformed to Deevey"s Type II curve (i.e. death rate was constant with age). The S. scabra plants lived considerably longer than the S. hamata plants. Pasture treatments had less influence on longevity than on seed production and seedling numbers. Seed production and seedling establishment of both species were marginal for their persistence in the region, and management should aim for seed set and subsequent seedling establishment to occur sufficiently frequently to allow the legumes to persist.

Charles Francis Adams: diary of a young American taxidermist visiting New Zealand, 1884–1887

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Gill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Set Up ◽  
White Island

In December 1884 Charles Francis Adams (1857–1893) left Illinois, USA, by train for San Francisco and crossed the Pacific by ship to work as taxidermist at Auckland Museum, New Zealand, until February 1887. He then went to Borneo via several New Zealand ports, Melbourne and Batavia (Jakarta). This paper concerns a diary by Adams that gives a daily account of his trip to Auckland and the first six months of his employment (from January to July 1885). In this period Adams set up a workshop and diligently prepared specimens (at least 124 birds, fish, reptiles and marine invertebrates). The diary continues with three reports of trips Adams made from Auckland to Cuvier Island (November 1886), Karewa Island (December 1886) and White Island (date not stated), which are important early descriptive accounts of these small offshore islands. Events after leaving Auckland are covered discontinuously and the diary ends with part of the ship's passage through the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), apparently in April 1887. Adams's diary is important in giving a detailed account of a taxidermist's working life, and in helping to document the early years of Auckland Museum's occupation of the Princes Street building.

Studies of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) in the Spirit Collection of the Natural History Museum, London 2: New species and records from P. Hammond's visit to New Zealand in 1983–84

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Michael Darby
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The North ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
North And South

Some 2,000 Ptiliidae collected in the North and South Islands of New Zealand in 1983/1984 by Peter Hammond of the Natural History Museum, London, are determined to 34 species, four of which are new to the country. As there are very few previous records, most from the Auckland district of North Island, the Hammond collection provides much new distributional data. The three new species: Nellosana insperatus sp. n., Notoptenidium flavum sp. n., and Notoptenidium johnsoni sp. n., are described and figured; the genus Ptiliodes is moved from Acrotrichinae to Ptiliinae, and Ptenidium formicetorum Kraatz recorded as a new introduction. Information is provided to aid separation of the new species from those previously recorded.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

Feather mites of the genera Dubininia and Cacatualges (Acari: Xolalgidae) associated with parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes) of the Old World

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4272 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEY V. MIRONOV ◽  
RAINER EHRNSBERGER ◽  
JACEK DABERT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Feather Mites ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Old World ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
First Time

This paper gives a systematic revision of feather mites of the genera Dubininia Vassilev, 1958 and Cacatualges Dabert, Badek and Skoracki, 2007 (Xolalgidae: Ingrassiinae) associated with parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes) of the Old World. Five new species are described: Cacatualges probosciger sp. n. from Probosciger aterrimus (Gmelin) (Cacatuidae) from New Guinea, Dubininia charmosynae sp. n. from Charmosyna pulchella Gray GR (Psittaculidae) from New Guinea, D. micropsittae sp. n. from Micropsitta pusio pusio (Scaltter) (Psittaculidae) from New Guinea, D. nestori sp. n. from Nestor notabilis Gould (Strigopidae) from New Zealand, and D. pezopori sp. n. from Pezoporus wallicus (Kerr) (Psittaculidae) from Tasmania, Australia. Four previously described species of Dubininia are redescribed based on material from type hosts: D. curta (Trouessart, 1885) from Platycercus elegans (Gmelin) (Psittaculidae), D. lorina (Trouessart, 1885) from Lorius domicella (Linnaeus) (Psittaculidae), D. melopsittaci Atyeo and Gaud, 1987 from Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw) (Psittaculidae), and D. psittacina (Trouessart, 1885) from Strigops harboptilus Gray GR (Strigopidae) from New Zealand. A new diagnosis for the genus Dubininia is provided. A key to all presently known Dubininia species is provided for the first time. 

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