scholarly journals Productivity of Lotus corniculatus and L. pedunculatus cultivars with and without tall fescue under sheep grazing

2004 ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
W. Rumball ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
B.J. Archie
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Schedonorus Phoenix

The nutritional benefits of condensed tannin (CT) in forages such as Lotus are known but difficulties with establishment, herbage production and persistence in a pasture have hindered farmer uptake of this valuable legume. A sheep grazing experiment was established to investigate the effects of growing three Lotus corniculatus (Grasslands Goldie, G46 and Creeping) and two L. pedunculatus (Grasslands Maku and Grasslands Trojan) cultivars with or without Grasslands Advance tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix syn. Festuca arundinacea) and with or without white clover (Trifolium repens) under infrequent (8-weekly) grazing. Without grass, the content of L. corniculatus and L. pedunculatus in the swards was 85% and 60% respectively by year 3. Adding white clover reduced the Lotus content in the swards by 20%. With tall fescue, the L. corniculatus cultivars increased from 6 to 34% between the summer of year 2 and year 3. In contrast, the L. pedunculatus cultivars remained at very low 1- 2% levels in the summer of both years. Inclusion of white clover did not further reduce Lotus content in the tall fescue swards. While there was no significant difference in content and yield between L. corniculatus cultivars, there was a consistent trend for Goldie to produce more herbage. Goldie had the potential to produce 2 t dry matter (DM)/ ha/year in a mixed pasture with tall fescue under infrequent grazing. Creeping L. corniculatus contained higher CT levels than Goldie (3.5 cf.1.1% of herbage DM respectively) and is thus potentially able to provide greater amounts of CT in a pasture. Trojan and Maku L. pedunculatus had similar plant density and herbage productivity. The experiment will be monitored further to determine the long-term persistence of these Lotus cultivars in a mixed pasture. Keywords: condensed tannins, infrequent grazing, legume composition, Lotus corniculatus, L. pedunculatus, tall fescue, white clover

THE PERFORMANCE OF S170 TALL FESCUE IN CANTERBURY

1974 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
B.R. Watkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

AN Aberystwyth selection of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), known as S170, was sown with certified New Zealand white clover (Trifolium repens) and re' clover (T. pratense) and compared under sheep grazing with other grass/clover pastures at the Grasslands Division Regional Station at Lincoln (Watkin, 1975) .

scholarly journals Impact of Mowing Height and Nitrogen Fertility on Crabgrass Cover in ‘RTF' Tall Fescue1

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Virginia Beach ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Schedonorus Phoenix

Abstract Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) has exceptional utility as a low maintenance lawn in the transition zone. However, during the summer smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] infestations can reduce the aesthetic value and function of the turf and lead to a thinning of the tall fescue stand, noticeable after the crabgrass plants have senesced. Research was conducted to evaluate the impact of mowing height and nitrogen fertility on smooth crabgrass plant counts and tall fescue cover in Virginia Beach, VA. Plots were mowed at either 6 cm (2.5 in) or 10 cm (4 in) and received 49, 171, or 220 kg of nitrogen annually per hectare (44, 152, and 196 lb.A−1). Mowing at 10 cm with the highest level of fertility resulted in the most turfgrass cover among all the treatment combinations. Mowing at 10 cm as opposed to 6 cm resulted in less smooth crabgrass plants, regardless of nitrogen fertilization rate. Index words: fertilization, turfgrass, weed control. Species used in this study: Smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.]; tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Shreb. synonym Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub].

scholarly journals Effect of pasture species on internal parasites of lambs

1996 ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. Knight ◽  
R.A. Moss ◽  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
R.N. Burton
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Adult Nematode ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Parasites

Increasing resistance of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites to anthelmintics and consumer resistance to the possibility of residues in animal products have prompted research on the effect of pasture species on nematodes and animal performance. Lambs (either infected with high rates of gastrointestinal nematodes or maintained nematode-free) were grazed on pure swards of chicory, high- or low-endophyte ryegrass, cocksfoot, tall fescue, lucerne, lotus, white clover or plantain. Infected lambs that grazed chicory had lower faecal egg counts and adult nematode populations, and higher carcass weights, than lambs grazed on plantain or the grass species; lambs that grazed legumes generally had intermediate counts, populations and weights. When kept parasite-free, carcass weights were up to 48% greater than in the nematodeinfected treatments. On farmlets run over 3 years, substituting 30% of the ryegrass area with lucerne or replacing the ryegrass with a multi-species mix consisting predominantly of bromes, tall fescue, phalaris, timothy and red and white clover, had no effect on gastrointestinal nematode larvae, lamb faecal worm egg or adult nematode numbers. It is concluded that a diet of pure chicory affects internal parasite populations but the small proportion included in the farmlet studies had no effect. Keywords: Cichorium intybus, Dactylis glomerota, Festuca arundinacea, gastro-intestinal nematodes, lambs, Lolium perenne, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago sativa, pasture species, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens

scholarly journals Caucasian clover was more productive than white clover in grass mixtures under drought conditions

2000 ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Black ◽  
R.J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Schedonorus Phoenix

This experiment compared the productivity of caucasian or white clover when established with five perennial grass species over 6 years in a dry lowland environment. Hexaploid 'Endura' caucasian clover or 'Grasslands Demand' white clover were sown in December 1994 with high endophyte 'Yatsyn' perennial ryegrass, 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot, 'Grasslands Advance' tall fescue, 'Grasslands Gala' grazing brome, or 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris into a deep, fertile silt loam. Initial establishment of clovers was poor with ryegrass and grazing brome. Some volunteer white clover established in all 10 treatments. After the first 14 months, no irrigation was applied over the following 4 years. Sheep grazed plots about six times each year. The legume cover in 15-month-old pastures was higher when sown with white clover (29%) than caucasian clover (21%) but dry conditions during 1997/1998 (60% of 680 mm mean annual rainfall) and 1998/1999 (66% of mean rainfall) decreased the percentage of legume in white clover pastures. In February 1998 and March 1999, legume contributed 37% and 21% of the dry matter (DM) in caucasian clover pastures, but only 4% and 1% in pastures sown with white clover. Rainfall during the sixth season (1999/2000) was more favourable (111% of mean rainfall). Total DM production from July 1999 to June 2000 was 10.0 t DM/ha from caucasian clover pastures and 8.7 t DM/ha from pastures sown with white clover. The mean proportion of legume in white clover pastures ranged from 9% when sown with ryegrass and phalaris to 1% with cocksfoot. In contrast, mean caucasian clover legume contents were similar across all grass treatments at 20%, but reached 46% with cocksfoot during summer. It was concluded that caucasian clover is more tolerant of summer moisture stress than white clover when in association with perennial grass species. Keywords: botanical composition, Bromus stamineus, Dactylis glomerata, legume content, Lolium perenne, moisture stress, pasture production, Phalaris aquatica, Schedonorus phoenix syn. Festuca arundinacea, Trifolium ambiguum, T. repens

scholarly journals Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 1. Yield and plant development

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Crop Density

A field study was conducted with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) to determine the effect of the initial population density and spatial arrangement of plants on crop development and seed yield. Individual seedling plants were transplanted at seven densities (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 plants m−2) and three row spacings (20, 40, and 80 cm), and characteristics of seed production were determined for 3 yr (1991–1993). Over the 3 yr, heading commenced at dates differing by 15 d and was delayed, as density increased, by 8, 6, and 2 d, respectively, in the first, second, and third production years. The time of seed maturity differed among years (21 July to 4 August) but was generally unaffected by density or row spacing. In the first production year, seed yield increased with density up to 25 plants m−2 for each row spacing, then remained constant to at least 50 plants m−2 with both 20- or 40-cm rows; it decreased slightly at 100 plants m−2 with 20 cm rows. In the second production year, seed yield was relatively independent of plant density except that it decreased when the initial density was less than 6 plants m−2 with a row spacing of 80 cm, and tended to be greatest with the 40-cm row spacing at 6–25 plants m−2. In the third production year, seed yield was much lower than in the previous 2 yr but the pattern of response to the density and row spacing treatments was similar to that in the second production year. The seed yield of tall fescue can be optimized for at least 3 consecutive years by establishing an initial density of 20–100 plants m−2 in rows spaced 20–60 cm apart. If the maximization of first-year seed yield is a priority, then the initial establishment should be at a density of 25–50 plants m−2 in rows spaced 20–40 cm apart. Key words: Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber, population density, plant spacing, seed production

The effect of soil temperature, sowing depth and soil bulk density on the seedling emergence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Charles ◽  
GJ Blair ◽  
AC Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
A Value ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
High Bulk

The effects of temperature (constant 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24�C, and an alternating 6/12�C temperature regime), sowing depth (0, 15, 30 and 45 mm), and soil bulk density (1.1 and 1.3 g cm-3) were examined on the emergence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, cv. Demeter) and white clover (Trifolium repens, cv. Haifa) in a factorial experiment, in controlled temperature cabinets. Mitscherlich curves were fitted to the emergence data and treatment effects on the maximum emergence percentage (A), rate of emergence (K) and time to first emergence (To), were statistically analysed. Temperature was the major factor affecting the fescue A value. The A value was low at 3 and 6�C, but increased as temperature increased to 12�C. It was depressed by the 45 mm sowing depth and by high bulk density at 30 and 45 mm. For white clover, sowing depth had a strong effect on A. Over all temperatures, A was high for surface sowing and low for deeper sowing (30 and 45 mm). For shallow sowing (15 mm), A was intermediate and increased with rising temperature. High bulk density depressed A at 15 mm. For both species, To increased as sowing depth increased, and decreased as temperature increased. The effect of sowing depth was more apparent at low temperatures. The K value for fescue increased gradually as temperature increased, but sowing depth had no effect. For clover, K increased markedly with rises in temperature for surface sowing, with smaller increases for 15, 30 and 45 mm depths. The 6/12�C regime responses for A and To were similar to the constant 12�C, while the K response was similar to the constant 9�C; these trends were similar for fescue and clover. It was concluded that establishment failures from direct drilling tall fescue on the Northern Tablelands can be related to low soil temperatures in winter (below 9�C), and for white clover, to excessive sowing depth (greater than 15 mm), particularly on high bulk density soils.

scholarly journals the effect of endophyte in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue on red and blackheaded pasture cockchafers

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
B.M. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Weight Difference ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) are two of the most productive pasture species grown to feed livestock in Australia. The larvae of redheaded (RHC) (Adoryphorus couloni Burmiester) and blackheaded (BHC) (Accrosidius tasmaniae Hope) cockchafer cause significant damage to these pastures in Australia. If alkaloids produced by endophyte associations could reduce this impact, economic gains would be made. A pot experiment and then a proof of concept seed feeding experiment were undertaken to test the resistance of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue to cockchafer larvae. The objective was to allow larvae to feed on endophyte infected plants, assuming insecticidal alkaloids would be produced and on nil endophyte plants as controls. The plants in the pot experiment were tested for presence or absence of alkaloid endophyte but not for concentration or location in plant parts prior to larvae being introduced. In the seed feeding experiment seed fed to larvae was tested for all known alkaloid concentrations and profiles. The weight difference and mortality of third instar larvae and weight difference of plant root and shoot were measured in the pot experiment. The weight difference and mortality of the third instar larvae and the number and weight of seeds consumed were measured in the seed feeding experiment. There was no significant effect of endophyte treatments on the cockchafer weight change or mortality in either the perennial ryegrass or tall fescue pot or seed feeding experiments. There was a significant difference between cockchafer species (P

scholarly journals Productivity of caucasian clover based pastures under irrigation

1996 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
R.A. Moss ◽  
R.N. Burton ◽  
B.E. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Measurement Period

Grasslands Kara cocksfoot, Grasslands Nui ryegrass, Grasslands Roa tall fescue, Grasslands Gala grazing brome and Grasslands Maru phalaris were sown as single grass species with either white or Caucasian clover during December 1993, on a Lismore stony silt loam in Canterbury. Plots were irrigated and rotationally grazed by sheep. Total herbage produced during the first measurement period (September 1994 to July 1995) averaged 13.6 t DM/ha. All white clover-based swards produced similar yields, but with Caucasian clover, phalaris-based swards produced the most and ryegrass and grazing brome the least. Production tended to be lower from pastures sown with Caucasian than white clover (12.9 cf. 14.2,kg DM/ha). During the second measurement period (July 1995 to May 1996) total production was similar with both legumes. When evaluated over both measurement periods, phalaris and tall fescue gave the highest and cocksfoot and ryegrass the lowest production when sown with white clover, while cocksfoot and grazing brome were the lowestproducing swards with Caucasian clover. Ten --months-after-sow.ing,-white-cIover-contributed-in excess of40% of the DM in all swards except with ryegrass and grazing brome where it contributed 20%. The proportion of white clover then declined in all pastures over the following 20 months, ryegrass-based swards having the highest (10%) and cocksfoot the lowest (1%). When sown with Caucasian clover the legume content of swards increased during the 12 months from spring 1994 in swards containing phalaris, tall fescue and grazing brome. The proportion of legume in -cocksfoot swardsmdeclined-continuously from 22 to 4% over the 20 months while it increased continuously from 4 to 28% with ryegrass. The legume content in lo-month-old pastures was higher when sown with white than with Caucasian clover but this ratio was reversed by 28 months. This occurred with all pasture types but was most pronounced with ryegrass and cocksfoot pastures. The present experiment shows Caucasian clover can make a major contribution in irrigated pastures in Canterbury. 'Wattie Bush, RD 22, Peel Forest, Geruldine Keywords: Bromus stamineus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, grazed pastures, herbage production, Lolium perenne, Phalaris aquatica, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium repens

scholarly journals Response of simple grass-white clover and multi-species pastures to gibberellic acid or nitrogen fertiliser in autumn

2013 ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Van Rossum ◽  
R.H. Bryant ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Herbage dry matter (DM) production, botanical composition and nutritive value of pastures were measured in response to the application of 24 g/ ha gibberellic acid (GA; 60 g ProGibb®/ha) and 50 kg N/ha nitrogen fertiliser (N; 106 kg urea/ha) in autumn. Responses were compared for simple two species grass (perennial ryegrass or tall fescue)-white clover pastures and multi-species pastures where herbs (chicory and plantain), legumes (red clover and lucerne) and prairie grass were sown with the simple mixtures. Four weeks after application, the increase in DM yield averaged across pasture mixtures relative to untreated plots was 273, 104, and 493 kg DM/ha for GA alone, N fertiliser alone, and GA and N combined, respectively. Application of GA increased the white clover percentage in all pastures except simple tall fescue pastures. The percentage of herbs in multispecies pastures was increased by application of N but not GA. Crude protein concentration was decreased by GA application in all pastures except simple ryegrass pastures. The results from this study show that it is important to consider the botanical composition of pastures when determining the effect of GA on DM yield and nutritive value. Keywords: crude protein, Cichorium intybus, Festuca arundinacea, gibberellins, Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata, nutritive value

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