scholarly journals Whatawhata Catchment Management Project: the story so far

2007 ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Quinn ◽  
M.B. Dodd ◽  
B.S. Thorrold
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Soil Stabilisation ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Indigenous Forest ◽  
Land Use And Management

Changes in land use and management were applied to a 296 ha catchment farm at the Whatawhata Research Centre in 2000-2001 to improve its economic and environmental performance. The area had erosion and weed reversion challenges, poorly performing beef and sheep breeding enterprises, and degraded streams. Changes included conversion of the steepest land to plantation forestry; indigenous forest restoration; intensification of the farming enterprises onto easier terrain with better pasture production; changes in stock type; poplar planting for soil stabilisation; and exclusion of livestock from streams. Significant improvements have followed. The per hectare economic surplus for the pastoral enterprise improved from 30% below industry average to 13% above. The forestry enterprise will further improve economic performance in the long-term. There were reductions in the export of suspended sediment (76%), total phosphorus (62%), and total nitrogen (33%). Water clarity has increased, stream temperature has declined and stream invertebrate indices indicate improvements in the fauna. Keywords: agriculture, forestry, macroinvertebrates, riparian, water quality, nitrogen, phosphorus

scholarly journals Tracing the influence of land-use change on water quality and coral reefs using a Bayesian model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Brown ◽  
Stacy D. Jupiter ◽  
Simon Albert ◽  
Carissa J. Klein ◽  
Sangeeta Mangubhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Poor Water Quality

AbstractCoastal ecosystems can be degraded by poor water quality. Tracing the causes of poor water quality back to land-use change is necessary to target catchment management for coastal zone management. However, existing models for tracing the sources of pollution require extensive data-sets which are not available for many of the world’s coral reef regions that may have severe water quality issues. Here we develop a hierarchical Bayesian model that uses freely available satellite data to infer the connection between land-uses in catchments and water clarity in coastal oceans. We apply the model to estimate the influence of land-use change on water clarity in Fiji. We tested the model’s predictions against underwater surveys, finding that predictions of poor water quality are consistent with observations of high siltation and low coverage of sediment-sensitive coral genera. The model thus provides a means to link land-use change to declines in coastal water quality.

scholarly journals North central Victoria – climate change and land-use: potentials for third century in a timeless land

2010 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mansergh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Use And Management

For the 21st century, scenarios of future climate under global warming suggest that Bassian-Eyrean bioclimatic region of northern Victoria, centred on the North Central Catchment Management Authority (NCCMA), will become markedly warmer and drier. Significant climate change is a real possibility midcentury and some basic bio-physical attributes underpinning the current ecology, land-use and management will be altered. Societal adaptation to climate change will include enhancing landscape resilience and changes to the mix of inter-related ecosystem services. The increasing understanding of these inter-relationships will allow for the creation of a more holistic quantification and production of landscape services. In combination, these challenge the past land-use paradigm on the driest, inhabited continent. Following the mid-19th century gold rushes, land-use in the NCCMA represented the epitome of the colonial land-use paradigm through clearing for agriculture and pastoralism. Victoria has long had the highest percentage private land of any Australian state. The NCCMA catchment is the most denuded of native vegetation, with the smallest percentage of public land and conservation reserves, and is now the centre of a continental concentration of bioregions under high environmental stress. The original primacy of agriculture was fulfilled, sometimes under adverse circumstances, but resultant landscape legacies persist within the relative economic decline of Australian agriculture. The amelioration of these within a future land stewardship that is water-stressed, carbon constrained and prone to extreme weather events is a major challenge. Exploring landscape adaptation, the simple questions arise: From what? To what? This contribution examines broad land-use in the NCCMA in the long term context of climate change and adaptation, land-use and the perceived valuation of ecosystem services from the landscape. The increasing realisation of the interconnectedness of these phenomena and the necessity for ecologically sustainable agriculture provide enhanced drivers for the evolution of new landscape meanings in the context of an inter-generational equity and climate change response.

Long term effects of withholding phosphate application on North Island hill country: Whatawhata Research Centre

1990 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
A. G.Gillingham S. Richardson ◽  
I.L. Power ◽  
J. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Fertiliser Application

From June 1984 to May 1988 a large-scale grazing trial at Whatawhata Research Centre evaluated the effects of a halt to previous superphosphate fertiliser application on hill country production. Over the 4-years pasture production, pasture species composition, stock grazing days or Olsen P soil fertility status were little affected as a result of halting topdressing. Pasture production declined most on 'easy' ( lo-20° slope) slopes after a halt to fertiliser application. The decline was greatest (lo- 13 %) where previous rates of fertiliser had been high. Total production on 'steep' (30~40° slope) slopes did not decline significantly. However, at soil test (Olsen P) levels of less than 10 the pasture moss and dead matter content increased, indicating a deterioration in pasture quality. Legume content did not decline. Within the range of normal topdressing rates to hill country (O-30 kg P/ha/yr) Olsen P tests did not reflect topdressing differences or any effects of a halt to fertiliser application. At higher topdressing rates (50-100 kg Plhalyr) the effect of continued or discontinued topdressing was reflected predominantly in the O-3 cm soil depth. A halt to previous topdressing significantly reduced available grazing over the final 3 years. This decline reflected the decline in measured pasture production. Keywords Phosphate, fertiliser, hill country, residual effects

scholarly journals Forest Restoration at Berenty Reserve, Southern Madagascar: A Pilot Study of Tree Growth Following the Framework Species Method

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Rubin Sagar ◽  
Ariadna Mondragon-Botero ◽  
Francine Dolins ◽  
Bryn Morgan ◽  
Thuy Phuong Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
New Research

Forest conservation and restoration are urgently needed to preserve key resources for the endemic fauna of dry southern Madagascar. This is a priority in the shrinking, seasonally dry forest of Berenty, a private reserve in Southern Madagascar. However, to provide a basis for forest restoration, a study of tree growth and regeneration in this unique biome is essential. A three-year planting program of native and endemic species was initiated in 2016. Three trial plots were established in forest gaps, with varying microclimates and soil conditions: one on the riverside, one in the mid-forest and the third in a degraded dryland area. We planted 1297 seedlings of 24 native tree species with plantings spaced at 1 m and 1.5 m and measured their height and stem diameters and recorded seedling mortality. We also recorded plant recruitment on the plots from the nearby forest. The main findings were that growth was best on the mid-forest plot planted at 1 m. Seedling mortality was highest on the riverside plot for the 1 m seedlings and least in the mid-forest at both planting distances. Recruitment was highest in the mid-forest at both planting distances and high also at 1.5 m by the river. These results are intended to aid future forest restoration on the Reserve and may serve as a reference for restoration of other dry forests in Madagascar. Finally, since species identification is central to the project, we collected, prepared and catalogued tree specimens to form a reference collection in an herbarium under construction in a new Research Centre at the reserve.

Effect of deferred autumn grazing and stocking rate of sheep on pasture production in a Mediterranean-type climate

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (79) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Brown
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
June July ◽  
Stocking Rates

The effect of deferred autumn grazing and stocking rate on an annual pasture was monitored for five years at Kybybolite Research Centre in the south-east of South Australia. Pasture availability, yearly production and botanical composition were measured under a series of eight stocking rates from 12.4 to 29.7 Merino wethers per hectare. Autumn deferment resulted in extra available pasture during the winter months of June, July and August. However, the continously grazed pastures reached the same level of availability as the deferred pastures in spring. By the third year of the experiment yearly pasture production irrespective of grazing management was greatly reduced at the higher stocking rates. This reduction was associated with an invasion of Poa annua and Juncus bufonius. Autumn deferment tended to favour the growth of Wimmera ryegrass at the lower stocking rates whereas continuous grazing tended to favour clover growth at these stocking rates.

scholarly journals The water clarity of Polish lakes with charophyte vegetation in the years 1953-1968

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Andrzej Hutorowicz
Keyword(s):  
Trophic State ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Ecological Memory ◽  
Management Project ◽  
State Index ◽  
Polymictic Lakes ◽  
Made In

Abstract A total of 313 lakes with charophyte vegetation were identified based on the data presented in 1111 manuscripts under the shared title of “Assumptions for the fisheries management project in Lake (lake name)”, based on the results of an environmental inventory carried out by the Inland Fisheries Institute in 1953-1968. The lakes’ morphological characteristics were described, hydrophyte species that most frequently accompanied charophytes were identified, differences in summer water transparency were analyzed in 281 lakes with charophyte vegetation and the results were compared with the observations made in 657 other lakes, and the potential trophic state of lakes with charophyte vegetation was determined using Carlson’s trophic state index (1996). More than half (54%) of 171 dimictic lakes with charophyte vegetation were classified as mesotrophic and 31% as oligotrophic, whereas 50% of 110 polymictic lakes were classified as eutrophic, and 40% as mesotrophic. The frequency of taxa that contribute to the eutrophication (degradation) of water bodies, including Ceratophyllum spp. Myriophyllum spp. and Elodea canadensis, increased with a decrease in the percentage of charophytes in communities of submerged hydrophytes. Regardless of the proportion of charophytes in submerged hydrophyte communities, water in the lakes colonized by charophytes was more transparent than in the 659 lakes without charophytes. Water in many polymictic and dimictic lakes with charophyte vegetation, including lakes with a small contribution of charophytes, was more transparent than in lakes without charophytes, which suggests that charophytes are sensitive indicators of water quality and are components of ecological memory in aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Effects of withholding fertiliser on pasture production and phosphate cycling in hill country

1990 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
A.G. Gillingham
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Available P ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Dung Decomposition ◽  
Plant Available P

A large-scale phosphate (P) fertiliser grazing trial was carried out at Whatawhata Research Centre between 1980 and 1984. The effect of 5 fertiliser rates (10, 20 30, 50 or 100 kg P/ha) on pasture production, plant P uptake, dung P distribution, dung decomposition and Olsen P concentration were monitored on 4 slope groups (campsites, O-10"; easy, 1 I-20"; moderate, 21-30" and steep, 31" +). Soils collected from each slope and fertiliser treatment were used in a pot trial to investigate the size of the plant available P pool. Results can be used to interpret data from field trials where fertiliser has been withheld. Initially, pasture production or Olsen P will change little because the most productive areas of the paddock receive large amounts of dung P which buffer the effect of fertiliser withdrawal. On these areas P is cycled more rapidly than on steep slopes, further buffering the system against P deficiency. Small changes in Olsen P do not reflect the more rapid changes in inorganic P or plant-available P. As inorganic P becomes depleted, plant P uptake decreases. The associated decrease in dung P return and the slower rate of dung decomposition contribute to a slowing of the P cycle. The net effect is less feed and slower regrowth after grazing. Recovering from this state will require not only P fertiliser but also time for high producing pasture species to regenerate. Keywords phosphate cycling, topdressing, fertiliser, pasture production, hill country, dung

A comparison of continuous grazing and deferred autumn grazing of Merino ewes and lambs at 13 stocking rates

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Lamb Growth

The performance of Merino ewes and their lambs was measured when the sheep were either continuously grazed or autumn-deferred on annual pastures. The two management systems were compared at a series of 13 stocking rates from 4.9 to 19.8 ewes ha-1 for 5 years from 1970 to 1974 at the Kybybolite Research Centre, South Australia. The deferred sheep were fed in yards on a mixture of oat grain and hay at 6.8 kg per head per week during the 6-week deferment period. It was found that the continuously grazed ewes required very little hand-feeding up to a stocking rate of 17.3 ewes ha-1. Grazing management had little or no effect on wool production in ewes or lambs, on the number of lambs born and weaned, or on lamb growth rates. Although the incidence of pregnancy toxaemia was very low (1%) it was higher in the deferred treatments. Autumn deferment resulted in extra pasture during the winter months of June and July. However, the continuously grazed pastures reached the same level of availability as the deferred pastures in late winter and early spring. Total yearly pasture production tended to be greater on the continuously grazed pastures and increased as the stocking rate increased. It is concluded that there is little merit in adopting an autumn deferment system of grazing management for Merino ewes and lambs. A relationship between lamb growth rate and both available pasture and pasture height is presented. It would appear that pasture height measurements are no better predictors of Iamb growth rates than pasture yield measurements.

Determining the balance between active and passive indigenous forest restoration after exotic conifer plantation clear-fell

2021 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
pp. 118621
Author(s):  
Adam S. Forbes ◽  
Robert B. Allen ◽  
John W. Herbert ◽  
Kohiti Kohiti ◽  
William B. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Conifer Plantation ◽  
Indigenous Forest ◽  
Clear Fell

Körperliche Beschwerden bei älteren Migranten in Deutschland 1Erstellt unter Mitwirkung der Arbeitsgruppe «Abuse of the Elderly in the European Region» (ABUEL): Joaquim F. J. Soares, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Francisco Torres-González, Departmental Section of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kapolou, National School of Public Health, Department of Sociology, Athens, Greece; Giovanni Lamura, Italian National Research Centre on Ageing Department of Gerontological Research, Unit of Health Economics, Ancona, Italy; Mindaugas Stankunas, Kaunas University of Medicine, Department of Health Management, A. Mickeviciaus, Kaunas, Lithuania; Henrique Barros, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina-Martha Csöff ◽  
Gloria Macassa ◽  
Jutta Lindert
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Management ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Karolinska Institute ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
Körperliche Beschwerden

Körperliche Beschwerden sind bei Älteren weit verbreitet; diese sind bei Migranten bislang in Deutschland und international noch wenig untersucht. Unsere multizentrische Querschnittstudie erfasste körperliche Beschwerden bei Menschen im Alter zwischen 60 und 84 Jahren mit Wohnsitz in Stuttgart anhand der Kurzversion des Gießener Beschwerdebogens (GBB-24). In Deutschland wurden 648 Personen untersucht, davon 13.4 % (n = 87) nicht in Deutschland geborene. Die Geschlechterverteilung war bei Migranten und Nichtmigranten gleich; der sozioökonomische Status lag bei den Migranten etwas niedriger: 8.0 % (n = 7) der Migranten und 2.5 % (n = 14) der Nichtmigranten verfügten über höchstens vier Jahre Schulbildung; 12.6 % (n = 11) der Migranten und 8.2 % (n = 46) der Nichtmigranten hatten ein monatliches Haushaltsnettoeinkommen von unter 1000€; 26.4 % der Migranten und 38.1 % (n = 214) der Nichtmigranten verfügten über mehr als 2000€ monatlich. Somatische Beschwerden lagen bei den Migranten bei 65.5 % (n = 57) und bei den Nichtmigranten bei 55.8 % (n = 313). Frauen wiesen häufiger somatische Beschwerden auf (61.8 %) als Männer (51.8 %). Mit steigendem Alter nahmen somatische Beschwerden zu. Mit Ausnahme der Altersgruppe der 70–74-Jährigen konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Migranten und Nichtmigranten hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit körperlicher Beschwerden gezeigt werden. Ausblick: Es werden dringend bevölkerungsrepräsentative Studien zu körperlichen Beschwerden bei Migranten benötigt.

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