scholarly journals Mineralogical Features of Mountain-forest Brown and Mountain-brown Steppificated Soils of the Nakhichevan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
G. Mehdiyev
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Potassic Feldspar ◽  
Composition Of Minerals ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3 ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions ◽  
Very High

The mineralogical compositions of the investigated soils are examined in the article. The characteristic peculiarities of the qualitative and quantities composition of minerals in the mountain–forest brown and mountain–brown steppificated soils are investigated. It is revealed that the main minerals in these soils are montmorillonite which change at 7.5–16.0% on the profile, kaolinite minerals are only found in the low horizons of the mountain–brown steppificated soils and form 12.5–19.6%, illite (hydroslude) in the mountain–brown steppificated soils is met tattle quantity, but in the mountain–forest brown soils their number rises and forms at limits 2.0–1.05%. Minerals are found in the following limits in the studied soils and rocks: d-quartz (SiO2) changes at limits 10.2–20.1% in the mountain–brown steppificated soils. A content of potassic feldspar in the mountain–forest brown soils is very high and changes at limits 11.4–40.8%, hematite (Fe2O3) in comparison with the mountain–forest brown soils in the mountain–brown steppificated soils is higher and changes at limits 2.5–10.0%, volcanic dust in the mountain–forest brown soils is high and changes at limits 10.5–21.0%. In the soil experiments quantity of calcite in the mountain–brown steppificated soils is higher and changes at limits 4.8–16.4%, dolomite in the mountain–brown steppificated soils changes at limits 5.0–5.1%, salt (NaCl) in the mountain–brown steppificated is at limits 2.0–2.1%.

scholarly journals AGB Estimation in a Tropical Mountain Forest (TMF) by Means of RGB and Multispectral Images Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor González-Jaramillo ◽  
Andreas Fries ◽  
Jörg Bendix
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Multispectral Images ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Rgb Images ◽  
Very High

The present investigation evaluates the accuracy of estimating above-ground biomass (AGB) by means of two different sensors installed onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform (DJI Inspire I) because the high costs of very high-resolution imagery provided by satellites or light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors often impede AGB estimation and the determination of other vegetation parameters. The sensors utilized included an RGB camera (ZENMUSE X3) and a multispectral camera (Parrot Sequoia), whose images were used for AGB estimation in a natural tropical mountain forest (TMF) in Southern Ecuador. The total area covered by the sensors included 80 ha at lower elevations characterized by a fast-changing topography and different vegetation covers. From the total area, a core study site of 24 ha was selected for AGB calculation, applying two different methods. The first method used the RGB images and applied the structure for motion (SfM) process to generate point clouds for a subsequent individual tree classification. Per the classification at tree level, tree height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) could be determined, which are necessary input parameters to calculate AGB (Mg ha−1) by means of a specific allometric equation for wet forests. The second method used the multispectral images to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is the basis for AGB estimation applying an equation for tropical evergreen forests. The obtained results were validated against a previous AGB estimation for the same area using LiDAR data. The study found two major results: (i) The NDVI-based AGB estimates obtained by multispectral drone imagery were less accurate due to the saturation effect in dense tropical forests, (ii) the photogrammetric approach using RGB images provided reliable AGB estimates comparable to expensive LiDAR surveys (R2: 0.85). However, the latter is only possible if an auxiliary digital terrain model (DTM) in very high resolution is available because in dense natural forests the terrain surface (DTM) is hardly detectable by passive sensors due to the canopy layer, which impedes ground detection.

scholarly journals Mineralogical, Chemical, Geotechnical and Mechanical Investigations of Bafang Lateritic Fine Soils Formed on Basalts (West-Cameroon) for Road Embankment Purpose

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
William Tchungouelieu Hyoumbi ◽  
Patrick Pizette ◽  
Armand Sylvain Ludovic Wouatong ◽  
Nor-Edine Abriak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Plastic ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions ◽  
Very High

The present paper treats the relationship between geotechnical parameters and the mineralogical compositions, in order to understand the behavior of the Bafang lateritic fine soils and their efficient use as road embankment materials on the other hand. Thus, the field campaigns have permitted to distinguish two facies of Bafang lateritic fine soils: reddish and yellowish facies. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), the thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA) and the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have revealed that the reddish facies contents: kaolinite (53.34% -48.29%); hematite (16.62% - 17.40 %); gibbsite (8.26 % - 16.54%), ilmenite (7.6 % -7.98%), quartz (1.92 % - 4.65 %), illite (2.65% - 1.99 %) and accessories minerals as florencite (1.45%); montmorillonite (0.90 %) and plagioclase (0.69 %); while the yellowish facies is composed of : 65.1 % kaolinite, 11.2 % gibbsite, 9.64 % goethite, 7.02 % quartz, 3.23 % ilmenite and 2.08 % of illite. Their Silica/sexquioxide ratios correspond to those of moderate laterite. The geotechnical and mechanical characteristics have shown that the reddish and yellowish facies are respectively silty clay and sandy silt. They are plastic to very high plastic and moderately clayey to clayey materials. Moreover, they are medium swelling to high swelling. The IBR values more than 40% and the soaked CBR values prove that these materials belong to the S4 bearing capacity class. The minimum values of UCS and Rt are respectively 1.7 MPa and 0.17 MPa. Then, the results of geotechnical and mechanical properties combining to those of XRD, TGA and XRF have demonstrated that the fine lateritic soils with low silica/sexquioxide ratios values (less than 1.6) are suitable for road embankment.

scholarly journals Komposisi Fraksi Pasir dan Sifat Kimia Tanah Pada Areal Revegetasi Lahan Bekas Tambang Batubara

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Ria Rachel Paranoan
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Rock Fragment ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions ◽  
Very High ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The purpose of this research were to determine the composition of sand fraction and chemical properties at revegetation area. The research was conducted from April to October 2019 . The mineralogical Compositions of sand fraction were analyzed using a Polarizing Microscope (PM) at the laboratory of Mineral BB Litbang SDLP, Bogor. The results showed that the composition of sand fractionof soil at revegetation area was dominatd by quartz,with small amounts of opaque, zircon,weathered mineral, rock fragment, and tourmaline.Chemical properties indicated that the soil at revegetation area showed pH from 6,05 to 6,49, had low content of cation exchange capacity in the whole layers, very high content of base saturation, very low to low organic carbon. Exchangeable K and Na are low in the whole layers, the moderate content of potential potassium. Both exchangeable Ca and Mg were lot to moderate. Potentioal P content in soil varies from moderate to high.Soil management in revegetation area should be focused on Maintaining soil fertility through application of liming, and fertilizers

scholarly journals Origin of Skarns at Migmatization on Ol’khon Island, Lake Baikal, Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
L. L. Kushch ◽  
V. A. Makrygina ◽  
L. F. Suvorova ◽  
A. V. Oshchepkova
Keyword(s):  
Melt Inclusions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Metasomatic Process ◽  
Potassic Feldspar ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
Partial Melts ◽  
Very High

Migmatites on the western shore of Ol’khon Island host unusual rocks: zoned lenses of hedenbergite–garnet–epidote–anorthite metasomatites coupled with the migmatites. No intrusive granites were found nearby. The skarn-forming process operated at the interface of the granite gneiss and skarn protolith (perhaps, carbonate rocks). The composition of the metasomatites is analogous to that of calcic skarns with high Al2O3, FeO, and CaO concentrations. The compositions and relations of the minerals provide evidence of the successive development of the hedenbergite–anorthite outer zone, dominantly anorthite–garnet main zone, and quartz-enriched inner zone, with all of the zones parallel to contact with the granite gneiss. The granite gneiss itself is also likely of metasomatic nature, as follows from its supraeutectic concentration of potassic feldspar in the leucosome and low crystallization temperatures. A minimum of the Gibbs free energy (calculated with the SELECTOR-C program package) was reached at 8 kbar and temperatures of 600– 625°C. These parameters are lower than the melting temperature of the granite eutectic, and the absence of melt is confirmed by the absence of melt inclusions in minerals of the granite gneisses. This indicate that the driving force of the process was migmatizing silicic–potassic solutions. The P–T parameters of the skarns are close to the foregoing values. The very high Sr and Ca and low Mg concentrations suggest that the protolith of the skarns was calcite marble. The enrichment of the skarns in the granitophile elements suggests that the skarns were produced simultaneously with and in genetic relation to the migmatization processes. The metasomatites were formed before the partial melts were derived, early in the course of the granite-forming processes and provide important information for better understanding the metasomatic process responsible for the exchange of chemical elements between the rocks.

scholarly journals The Development of Basidiomycota Fungi with The Concept of Integrated Forest Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Mustika Dewi ◽  
I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha ◽  
Mamat Kandar
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Integrated Forest Management ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Diversity

The development of Basidiomycota that is cultivated by utilizing space on the forest floor has not been done much, especially in Indonesia. The Basidiomycota found in Indonesia have very high diversity, but have not been explored so far. Basidiomycota fungi is an alternative as a source of natural nutraceuticals. This study aims to obtain Basidiomycota fungi isolates that have the potential as a nutraceutical source.  As the first stage in this research, the activities carried out were exploration, isolation on culture media, and identification of fungi based on genotypic characters. The results of this research have found eight types of basidiomycota that have the potential to be a source of nutraceutical in the geulis mountain forest area of ​​West Java Indonesia. The fungi identified based on their genotypic characters were Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma cf, resinaceum, Lentinula edodes, Vanderbylia fraxinea, Auricularia delicate, Pleurotus giganteus, Auricularia sp., and Tricholoma giganteum.

Very High Resolution Analysis of the Dynamics of a Coronal Plasmoid

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 593-596
Author(s):  
O. Bouchard ◽  
S. Koutchmy ◽  
L. November ◽  
J.-C. Vial ◽  
J. B. Zirker
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Small Field ◽  
High Resolution Analysis ◽  
Ccd Observations ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
Very High ◽  
Small Field Of View

AbstractWe present the results of the analysis of a movie taken over a small field of view in the intermediate corona at a spatial resolution of 0.5“, a temporal resolution of 1 s and a spectral passband of 7 nm. These CCD observations were made at the prime focus of the 3.6 m aperture CFHT telescope during the 1991 total solar eclipse.

Monte Carlo Algorithms for Moments of Transition Arrays

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
A. Goldberg ◽  
S.D. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
State Vector ◽  
Basis Vector ◽  
Collective State ◽  
Dispersion Characteristics ◽  
Dipole Strength ◽  
The Third ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithms ◽  
Third Moment ◽  
Very High

AbstractClosed expressions for the first, second, and (in some cases) the third moment of atomic transition arrays now exist. Recently a method has been developed for getting to very high moments (up to the 12th and beyond) in cases where a “collective” state-vector (i.e. a state-vector containing the entire electric dipole strength) can be created from each eigenstate in the parent configuration. Both of these approaches give exact results. Herein we describe astatistical(or Monte Carlo) approach which requires onlyonerepresentative state-vector |RV> for the entire parent manifold to get estimates of transition moments of high order. The representation is achieved through the random amplitudes associated with each basis vector making up |RV>. This also gives rise to the dispersion characterizing the method, which has been applied to a system (in the M shell) with≈250,000 lines where we have calculated up to the 5th moment. It turns out that the dispersion in the moments decreases with the size of the manifold, making its application to very big systems statistically advantageous. A discussion of the method and these dispersion characteristics will be presented.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Cecil E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

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