scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of Internodes Length of the Shoots of Salix dasyclados Wimm. (Salicaceae Mirb.) Against the Background of Early Summer Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Harmonic Oscillations ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Infradian Biorhythms ◽  
Linear Trends

The article substantiates the need to study the influence of hydrothermic conditions on the linear growth of shoots of woolly-stemmed willow. Purpose of research: identification and analysis structure of seasonal dynamics of internodes length of the shoots of S. dasyclados against the background of short atmospheric drought. Object of research: model inbred-clone population of S. dasyclados. Material: growing and matured annual shoots on two-year-old roots. Research methods: empirical methods of experimental botany, computer technologies of data analysis. Results. Against the background of the change of the early summer drought by cool rainy weather, the annual growth of the strongest shoots was 1.3 ... 2.5 m. The average length of internodes on the shoot varied from 23 to 31 mm. Seasonal dynamics of internode length can be approximated by linear trends in the first approximation. The deviations of the internode length from linear trends are nonlinear and are approximated by the equations of harmonic oscillations with a period of 96 ... 192 days. The strength of the influence of these harmonics on the seasonal dynamics of deviations of the internode length from linear trends is 2 ... 54%. The cyclicity of seasonal dynamics of deviations of internode length from linear trends is established. The revealed cyclicity is determined by the interaction of endogenous subannual and infradian biorhythms. Subannual biorhythms are approximated by harmonic oscillations with a period of 48 (64) days. The contribution of these biorhythms to the overall cyclicity is 23 ... 76%. Multi-day, or infradian biorhythms are approximated by harmonic oscillations with a period of 19 … 24 (32) days. The contribution of these biorhythms to the overall cyclicity is 3 ... 35%. High-frequency oscillations with a period of 12 ... 16 days are disordered. Differences between series of seasonal dynamics of internode length are determined by differences between shoots of a single ramet, between different ramets, and between different clones. The influence of from early summer drought stress on the seasonal dynamics of internode length has not been established.

Seasonal Dynamics of Internode Length of Salix triandra L. (Salicaceae) Against the Background of Short-Term Atmospheric Drought

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Salix Triandra

Almond willow (Salix triandra L.) is a valuable basket species that is used to create plantings for various purposes. He occupies a special place in the system of the genus Salix. He can be used as a model object to identify patterns of morphogenesis of shoots. Object of research: model inbred population of almond willow in culture. Subject of research: seasonal dynamics of internode length on annual shoots of three-year-old seedlings willow of almond willow. The purpose of the research: to identify the seasonal dynamics of the length of internodes on annual shoots of almond willow against the background of a sharp change in early summer drought by cold rainy weather. Empirical methods for obtaining initial data: comparative-morphological. The obtained data were processed using the methods of analysis of dynamics series. It is found that seasonal trends in the dynamics of internode length are described by second-order regression equations with varying reliability. The configuration and topology of nonlinear seasonal trends are determined by individual differences between seedlings. The dynamics of deviations of internode length from seasonal trends correlates with the dynamics of hydrothermic conditions. Deviations in the length of internodes from seasonal trends are cyclical. The empirical series of deviations of the internode length from seasonal trends with high reliability are approximated by the sums of harmonic oscillations. The maximum contribution to the cyclical deviations of the internode length from seasonal trends is made by the rhythm with a period of fluctuations of 54 days. On most shoots, the influence of rhythms with a period of fluctuations of 36 and 27 days can be traced. Short-period rhythms detected on different shoots are irregular. In most observations, the specific rhythms of seasonal dynamics of internode length are determined by differences between shoots. The identified rhythms do not depend on hydrothermic conditions, on the length of shoots, on the length of internodes, or on seasonal trends in the dynamics of internode length. The hypothesis that the relationship between the dynamics of deviations in the length of internodes from seasonal trends and the dynamics of hydrothermic conditions is random is substantiated. Cyclicity deviations of internode length from seasonal trends are determined by endogenous rhythms of development.

Effects of an early-summer drought stress on leaf photosynthesis, growth and yields of grapevine in mountain conditions

2017 ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wenter ◽  
D. Zanotelli ◽  
L. Montagnani ◽  
M. Tagliavini ◽  
C. Andreotti
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis

scholarly journals Early Summer Drought Stress During the First Growing Year Stimulates Extra Shoot Growth in Oak Seedlings (Quercus petraea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arion Turcsán ◽  
Kathy Steppe ◽  
Edit Sárközi ◽  
Éva Erdélyi ◽  
Marc Missoorten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Physiological characteristic changes and full-length transcriptome of rose (Rosa chinensis) roots and leaves in response to drought stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Lufeng Fu ◽  
Ziwen Geng ◽  
Xiaojuan Zhao ◽  
Qinghua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Physiological Characteristic ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Rosa Chinensis ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Abstract Rose (Rosa chinensis) is the most important ornamental crops worldwide. However, the physiological and molecular mechanism of rose under drought stress remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed the changes of photosynthetic and phytohormone levels in the leaves and roots of rose seedlings grown under control (no drought/ND), mild (MD), and severe (SD) drought stress. The total chlorophyll content and water use efficiency were significantly enhanced under MD in rose leaves. In addition, the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) was higher in the leaves compared to the roots, whereas the roots accumulated more indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), methylindole-3-acetic acid (Me-IAA) and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). We also constructed the first full-length transcriptome for rose, and identified 96,201,862 full-length reads of average length 1,149 bp that included 65,789 novel transcripts. A total of 3,657 and 4,341 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in rose leaves and roots respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of plant hormone, signal transduction, and photosynthesis are among the DEGs. 42,544 alternatively spliced isoforms were also identified, and alternative 3ʹ splice site was the major alternative splicing (AS) event among the DEGs. Variations in the AS patterns of three genes between leaves and roots indicated the possibility of tissue-specific posttranscriptional regulation in response to drought stress. Furthermore, 2,410 novel long non-coding RNAs were detected that may participate in regulating the drought-induced DEGs. Our findings identified previously unknown splice sites and new genes in the rose transcriptome, and elucidated the drought stress-responsive genes as well as their intricate regulatory networks.

Animal production from pasture with and without conservation for winter feeding

1957 ◽  
Vol 1957 ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
D. E. Eyles
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Summer Grazing ◽  
Winter Feeding

The uneven seasonal growth of herbage is the main obstacle to the more efficient utilisation of grassland. There is an abundance of growth in late spring and early summer and a scarcity during a summer drought and in winter. Heavy stocking in spring followed by lighter stocking in summer is a suitable management for fattening sheep and cattle because they can be sold fat from June onwards, but a constant number of livestock has to be maintained throughout the year on many farms which carry breeding or growing animals. On these farms grassland, besides giving summer grazing, is expected to provide the bulk of the fodder for over-wintering. It is doubtful whether the results of grazing experiments which evaluate summer grazing only can be applied to these farms.

scholarly journals Summer drought stress: differential effects on cane anatomy and non-structural carbohydrate content in overwintering Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah vines

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 03007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachele Falchi ◽  
Elisa Petrussa ◽  
Marco Zancani ◽  
Valentino Casolo ◽  
Paola Beraldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Grapevines store non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) during late summer to sustain plant development at the onset of the following spring’s growth. Starch is the main stored carbohydrate, found in the wood-ray parenchyma of roots and canes. Although the relationship between hydraulic and plant photosynthetic performance is well-recognized, little research has been done on the long-term effects of drought in grapevines adopting different strategies to cope with water stress (i.e. isohydric and anisohydric). We performed our study by exposing two different grape cultivars (Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon) to a short but severe drought stress, at two stages of the growing season (July and September). No marked differences in the physiological and hydraulic responses of the two varieties were found, probably due to our experimental conditions. However, anatomical and biochemical characterization of overwintering canes pointed out several interesting outcomes. We found a significant and parallel increase of starch and medullar ray number in both cultivars exposed to early water stress. We hypothesize that stressed vines limited their carbon allocation to growth, while shifting it to starch accumulation, with a most evident effect in the period of intense photosynthetic activity. We also speculate that a different aptitude to osmotic adjustment may underlay variation in starch increase and the specific involvement of bark NSC in the two cultivars.

Effect of rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on the grain protein content of wheat (Triticum aestivum), grown in two contrasting seasons in South East England

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Sajo ◽  
D. H. Scarisbrick ◽  
A. G. Clewer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South East England

SUMMARYA field experiment was carried out at the Wye College Farm during 1988 and 1989. The aim was to study the effects of three rates and timings of nitrogen fertilizer application on the grain protein content of spring wheat cv. Axona. Results demonstrated that timing of fertilizer application was more important than the rate of nitrogen used. Grain protein development and final grain protein contents are discussed in relation to the seasonal variations experienced during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons in South East England. Due to the early February sowing in 1989, grain protein content was not affected by the summer drought. Thus, the advantage of early sowing of spring wheat to reduce the detrimental effect of early summer drought on the grain protein content is emphasised.

Seasonal dynamics and life cycle of Heterotrissocladius marcidus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in high altitude lakes (High Tatra Mts, Slovakia)

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Goffová ◽  
Peter Bitušík ◽  
Zuzana Čiamporová-Zatóvičová ◽  
Dana Bukvová ◽  
Ladislav Hamerlík
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Summer Decline ◽  
High Tatra Mountains

AbstractWe estimated the seasonal dynamics and life cycle of the chironomid Heterotrissocladius marcidus (Walker, 1856) in three alpine lakes in the High Tatra Mountains (Central Europe). H. marcidus had univoltine cycle in all lakes surveyed and seasonal changes of density showed an early summer and an autumn peak interrupted by a mid-summer decline of larval abundance. Our results indicate that phenology of H. marcidus is sensitive to thermal regime and local differences in lake water temperature can lead to differences of the life history within the same population

Analysis of long-term light-trap data for Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Australia: the effect of climate and crop host plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Maelzer ◽  
M.P. Zalucki
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Coefficients ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Winter Rain

AbstractRegression analyses of a long series of light-trap catches at Narrabri, Australia, were used to describe the seasonal dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The size of the second generation was significantly related to the size of the first generation, to winter rainfall, which had a positive effect, and to spring rainfall which had a negative effect. These variables accounted for up to 96% of the variation in size of the second generation from year to year. Rainfall and crop hosts were also important for the size of the third generation. The area and tonnage of many potential host crops were significantly correlated with winter rain. When winter rain was omitted from the analysis, the sizes of both the second and third generations could be expressed as a function of the size of the previous generation and of the areas planted to lucerne, sorghum and maize. Lucerne and maize always had positive coefficients and sorghum a negative one. We extended our analysis to catches of H. punctigera (Wallengren), which declines in abundance after the second generation. Winter rain had a positive effect on the sizes of the second and third generations, and rain in spring or early summer had a negative effect. Only the area grown to lucerne had a positive effect on abundance. Forecasts of pest levels from a few months to a few weeks in advance are discussed, along with the improved understanding of the seasonal dynamics of both species and the significance of crops in the management of insecticide resistance for H. armigera.

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