Transacting Obasinjom: The Dissemination of a Cult Agency in the Cross River Area

Africa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Röschenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Cross River ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Language Boundaries ◽  
Over Time

AbstractDuring the twentieth century, Obasinjom became one of the best known and most effective cult agencies in the Cross River area of Cameroon and Nigeria. This paper aims at reconstructing the history of Obasinjom and some of its variants. Unlike many other witch-hunting cults, Obasinjom usually did not disappear after accomplishing the immediate job for which it was acquired. The owners additionally desired to possess the institution because it created wealth, influence and prestige for them as well as their village as a whole. Obasinjom and other cult agencies (as well as women's and men's societies and dance associations) spread from village to village across ethnic or language boundaries. Along with their dissemination, something of their identities and agency diffused and was incorporated into their histories over time and space. As intellectual property they were owned by the buying village and at the same time remained the property of the selling village. Obasinjom, as well as more important institutions, created decentralised networks of owners who had no definite knowledge of all the other participants. The recently formed pan-Obasinjom association, however, has changed this situation and, at least among some owners, created a feeling of identity and a greater sense of unity.

The other Who is Also the Same: The Relevance of Epidemics in Space and Time for Prevention of HIV Infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Frankenberg
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Over Time

The history of epidemics reveals the imposition of controls over time and space on the sick and powerless other in the interests of the well and powerful same. In contrast, effective prevention requires the sharing of values, space, and time: coevality in the broadest sense. Adolescents are seen as merely transitional: they were children in the recent past, they will be adults in the recent future. Thus as an other who must become the same, they are seen as out of time and threatening. Conventional adults fear uncontrolled sexuality, especially if it is perceived as taking place out of time and is therefore anachronistic or in the wrong places, out of bed and through the wrong orifices (anatopistic). These unshared cultural perceptions are a barrier against both education for life and effective prevention of HIV infection.

Language Change and Movement as Seen by Historical Linguistics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Nurse
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Language Boundaries ◽  
Over Time

The focus of this chapter is on how languages move and change over time and space. The perceptions of historical linguists have been shaped by what they were observing. During the flowering of comparative linguistics, from the late 19th into the 20th century, the dominant view was that in earlier times when people moved, their languages moved with them, often over long distances, sometimes fast, and that language change was largely internal. That changed in the second half of the 20th century. We now recognize that in recent centuries and millennia, most movements of communities and individuals have been local and shorter. Constant contact between communities resulted in features flowing across language boundaries, especially in crowded and long-settled locations such as most of Central and West Africa. Although communities did mix and people did cross borders, it became clear that language and linguistic features could also move without communities moving.

Getting Jesus off the altar: Undoing atonement readings in Revelation

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Anna M. V. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cross

The interpretive history of Revelation is overrun with descriptions of Jesus as a sacrificial lamb. Yet, John never uses the popular phrase to describe him. By drawing attention to four significant omissions in the text, I argue against atonement readings of “the Lamb” in Revelation. Revelation is not a theological treatise on the meaning of the cross. It feeds questions about power and violence and admonishes the seven churches against participation in their imperial context. John’s slaughtered lamb, therefore, does not evoke a paschal sacrifice; it points to Rome’s penchant for violence. Joining the other bloodied bodies in Revelation, the lamb’s blood further incriminates Rome. Everywhere one looks in John’s depiction of empire, violence lurks. Finally, the only altar in Revelation is the heavenly altar, and this altar is not a place for sacrifice. The heavenly altar is a place where the laments of the suffering are heard, a place for worshipping God, and a place where Rome will meet its judgment. John’s Jesus is not a self-sacrificing spiritual savior; he bears witness to the bloodthirsty, massacre-loving beast-of-all-beasts. Churches must choose their allegiance.

Return to the ancestral land: The semiotic map of the Mapuche people

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Camila Pérez ◽  
Giuseppina Marsico
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Territorial Claim ◽  
Mapuche People ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
Von Uexküll ◽  
Over Time

Indigenous territorial claims are a long-standing concern in the history of Latin America. Land and nature have profound meaning in indigenous thinking, which is neither totally understood nor legitimized by the rest of society. This article is aimed at shedding light on this matter by examining the meanings at stake in the territorial claims of the Mapuche people. The Mapuche are an indigenous group in Chile, who are striving to recover their ancestral land. This analysis will be based on the concept of Umwelt, coined by von Uexküll to refer to the way in which species interpret their world in connection with the meaning-making process. Considering the applications of Umwelt to the human being, the significance assigned to land and nature by the Mapuche people emerges as a system of meaning that persists over time and promotes interdependence between people and the environment. On the other hand, the territorial claim of the Mapuche movement challenges the fragmentation between individuals and their space, echoing proposals from human geography that emphasize the role of people in the constitution of places.

scholarly journals KEKRISTENAN DAN NASIONALISME DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-141
Author(s):  
Arthur Aritonang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
New Order ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Old Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monetary Crisis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Over Time

“Kekristenan dan Nasionalisme di Indonesia” membahas mengenai sejarah kekristenan di Indonesia yang diasumsikan sebagai agama yang pro terhadap penjajah dari Barat namun asumsi itu tidak benar sebagai bukti ada banyak tokoh Kristen yang ikut memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Indonesia dengan didasarkan semangat nasionalisme. Kemudian pasca-kolonial Belanda kekristenan ingin menampilkan wajah baru yang sungguh-sungguh keindonesiaan dengan lahirnya organisasi DGI/PGI. Namun seiring waktu ketika berakhirnya era orde baru dan memasuki era reformasi, kekristenan dan masyarakat lainnya di Indonesia menghadapi arus gelombang yang mengatas-namakan agama yang pergerakannya cukup masif dibandingkan di era orde lama diantaranya: kelompok Islam fundamentalis yang ingin menjadikan NKRI bersyariat Islam, adanya gerakan politik transnasional HTI yang ingin menghidupkan kembali kejayaan Islam pada abad ke-6 dan faham Wahabisme yang sarat dengan kekerasan. Persoalan lainnya ialah adanya kemiskinan yang terstruktur akibat dari krisis moneter yang melanda di Indonesia tahun 1997. Melalui masalah ini, setiap agama-agama di Indonesia harus melakukan konvergensi atas dasar keprihatinan yang sama. Abstract: Christianity and Nationalism in Indonesia” discuss the history of Christianity in Indonesia, which is assumed to be a religion that is pro to Western colonialism. Still, this assumption is incorrect as evidence that many Christian figures fought for Indonesian independence based on the spirit of nationalism. Then post-colonial of Dutch, Christianity wanted to be presented a truly Indonesian face with the birth of the DGI / PGI organization. But over time when the end of the new order and entering the era of reform, Christianity and the other societies in Indonesia faced challenges in the name of religion whose movements were quite massive compared to the old order including fundamentalist Islamic groups who wanted to make the Republic of Syariat Muslim Indonesia, a transnational HTI political movement that wanted to revive the glory of Islam in the 6th century and the ideology of Wahhabism which is loaded with violence. Another problem is the existence of structured poverty due to the monetary crisis that hit Indonesia in 1997. Through this problem, every religion in Indonesia must converge on the basis of the same concerns.

The Rational Irrationalist

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-115
Author(s):  
N.J. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychical Research ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Society For Psychical Research

This chapter looks at E.R. Dodds’s engagement with the paranormal. Dodds’s career in psychic research had three distinct phases: before, during, and after his tenure of the Oxford chair. His own paranormal beliefs, however, solidified early and remained consistent over his long career in the field. Telepathy was real, an innate part of human development, and a default explanation for other forms of clairvoyance and mediumship. On the other hand, disembodied intelligences—including demons, ghosts, and spirit guides—were a delusion. Though marginalized in modern histories of psychic studies, Dodds’s long and active association with the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) made him a central figure in the history of twentieth-century paranormal research in Britain, and one of the most thoughtful and hard-nosed embedded observers of its journey from the Victorian parlour to eventual extinction in the laboratory environment he had spent his adult life advocating.

History of the myeloproliferative neoplasms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tariq I. Mughal ◽  
Tiziano Barbui
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genomic Profiling ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Progress

The history of haematological malignancies appears to have begun in the sixteenth century as a result of astute clinical observations and the invention of medical microscopy. In the nineteenth century, the use of aniline-based dyes to stain human tissues facilitated the initial recognition of leukaemias, lymphomas, and myelomas as distinct nosological entities. The first detailed description of what is now referred to as chronic myeloid leukaemia, appeared in 1845, and the other ‘classic’ myeloproliferative neoplasms thereafter. Major progress in the therapy and the understanding of these malignancies, however, did not occur until the mid-twentieth century. Since the mid-1990s, these efforts have accelerated remarkably, resulting in the successful introduction of molecularly targeted therapies, and along with increased affordability and reliability of genomic profiling, have helped to usher in the era of precision medicine. In this chapter, we present a brief history of the biological and therapeutic milestones pertaining to myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Historical Psychology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Pizarroso Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Memory Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Over Time

Historical psychology claims that the mind has a history, that is, that our ways of thinking, reasoning, perceiving, feeling, and acting are not necessarily universal or invariable, but are instead subject to modifications over time and space. The theoretical and methodological foundations of this movement were laid in France by psychologist Ignace Meyerson in his book Les fonctions psychologiques et les œuvres, published in 1948. His program stressed the active, experimental, constructive nature of human behavior, spanning behavioral registers as diverse as the linguistic, the religious, the juridical, the scientific/technical, and the artistic. All these behaviors involve aspects of different mental functions that we can infer through a proper analysis of “works,” considered as consolidated testimonies of human activity. As humanity’s successive achievements, constructed over the length of all the paths of the human experience, they are the materials with which psychology has to deal. Meyerson refused to propose an inventory of functions to study. As unstable and imperfect products of a complex and uncertain undertaking, they can be analyzed only by avoiding the counterproductive prejudice of metaphysical fixism. Meyerson spoke in these terms of both deep transformations of feelings, of the person, or of the will, and of the so-called “basic functions,” such as perception and the imaginative function, including memory, time, space, and object. Before Meyerson the term “historical psychology” had already been used by historians like Henri Berr and Lucien Febvre, a founding member of the Annales school, who firmly envisioned a sort of collective psychology of times past. Meyerson and his disciples eventually vied with their fellow historians of the Annales school for the label of “historical psychology” and criticized their notions of mentality and outillage mental. The Annales historians gradually abandoned the label, although they continued to cultivate the idea that mental operations and emotions have a history through the new labels of a “history of mentalities” and, more recently at the turn of the century, a “history of emotions.” While Meyerson and a few other psychologists kept using the “historical psychology” label, however, mainstream psychology remained quite oblivious to this historical focus. The greatest efforts made today among psychologists to think of our mental architecture in terms of transformation over time and space are probably to be found in the work of Kurt Danziger and Roger Smith.

Long/Short Term Influences on Change

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Kaustuv Roy
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Change has been the rule in the history of life. Mammals today dominate the terrestrial habitats where dinosaurs once held sway. In modern oceans, ecologists can study many species of arthropods, but trilobites are long gone. Using data from the fossil record, David Raup estimated that only about one in a thousand species that ever lived on this planet is still alive today (Raup, 1991). On the other hand, the number of species and higher taxa has increased steadily over geologic time. Thus the history of life is essentially a history of turnover of species, lineages and higher taxa over time.

Listening and Responding to the Evidence of Early Twentieth-Century Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (S1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leech-Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Musical Meaning ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Musical Sounds ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTEarly recordings raise fundamental questions about our response to music. Why do these performances seem so strange to us? How could they ever have made musical sense to listeners? How might we make sense of them now, in our very different music-cultural environment? This paper looks at some of the ways in which musical sounds model other processes involving change over time. A mechanism is proposed that may underlie the cross-domain mappings generating musical meaning. Music is seen to be exceptionally adaptable to the modelling of other experiences, able to offer many potential likenesses, among which those with most relevance to what an individual brain already knows and believes are favoured by conscious perception. Performance and perception styles change over time as certain kinds of potential meaning are selected for their relevance to other aspects of contemporary experience. The model helps to explain how subjectivity is constructed and how it changes.

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