Cultural Contacts Between Rome and Persia at the Time of Ardashir I (c. AD 224–40)

2017 ◽  
pp. 221-238
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Callieri
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

There has been much scholarly interest in the relationship between Rome and Persia in the Sasanian era. Historians have devoted detailed studies to the intensified political and military contacts following Ardashir I’s accession to the throne of Iran. Most art historians and archaeologists, by contrast, have argued that cultural contacts between Rome and Sasanian Persia were only established under Shapur I. There is, however, architectural and artistic evidence to suggest that such contacts commenced, in fact, during the reign of Ardashir I. As far as architecture is concerned, Dietrich Huff has made a persuasive case, that architects and masons from the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire were involved in the construction of the fire temple in the city of Ardashir Khurrah (Firuzabad). This chapter argues that rock reliefs also imply similar cultural influence, even though the case is more difficult to prove. It examines the chronology of the five rock reliefs accomplished under Ardashir, as well as the workshops involved in producing them. The earliest relief, at Firuzabad I, shows traits characteristic of Elymaean craftsmen. Subsequently, new techniques and styles appear, and the relief at Naqsh-e Rostam I seems to imitate Persepolitan sculpture. Since numismatic evidence suggests that the reliefs were all carved within about ten years, only the involvement of experienced sculptors, perhaps from the Syro-Mesopotamian regions invaded by Ardashir, can explain such a major and rapid change of style.

Pergamum as Paradigm

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Weisser
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Imperial Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The Editors of this Book Requested a study of an individual city to contrast with the broader regional surveys. This contribution attempts to demonstrate the advantages of a fuller exploration of the specific context of a civic coinage by focusing on selected issues from the coinage of Pergamum— alongside Ephesus and Smyrna one of the three largest cities in the Western part of Asia Minor. In the Julio-Claudian period Pergamum’s coin designs were dominated by the imperial succession and the city’s first neocorate temple (17 BC–AD 59). In AD 59 Pergamum’s coinage stopped for more than two decades. When it resumed under Domitian (AD 83) new topics were continuously introduced until the reign of Caracalla (AD 211–17). These included gods, cults, heroes, personifications, architecture, sculpture, games, and civic titles. After Caracalla the city concentrated on a few key images, such as Asclepius or the emperor. At the same time, coin legends— especially civic titles—gained greater importance. This trend continued until the city’s coinage came to an end under Gallienus (AD 253–68). The overall range of Pergamum’s coin iconography was broadly similar to that of other cities in the East of the Roman empire. Coins of Pergamum from the imperial period fall into (at least) sixty-four issues, the most diverse of which employed twenty different coin types. In all, around 340 different types are currently known. They provide a solid base from which to explore various relationships. These include the relationship between coin obverses and reverses, as well as the place of an individual coin type within its own issue, and within the city’s coinage as a whole. Coin designs could allude to objects and events within Pergamum itself, or focus on the city’s connections with the outside world: with small neighbouring cities, with the other great cities within the province of Asia, or with Rome and the imperial family. Communication via the medium of civic coinage was in the first instance presumably directed towards the citizens of Pergamum. At the same time coinage also reflected developments outside the city. Social and geographical mobility was encouraged by an imperial system which allowed distinguished members of local elites access to the highest military and administrative posts.

Representing the City: Non-Representation, Digital Archives and Megacity Phenomena

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Simon Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
3D Mapping ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Taking technological developments in urban mapping and the megacity phenomena of rapid change and sprawling space as its starting point, this essay provides a history of the present through a genealogy of maps of Montpellier in France, a rapidly growing modern city that provides examples from the earliest printed maps of the 16th century through to the most recent innovations in public-sponsored 3D mapping. By tracing the shifting correlations of narrative elements, it places in historical perspective the relationship between those concepts, such as verticality and horizontality, and perception and representation, which are problematized in the contemporary contexts of megacities and digital technology.

scholarly journals Ancient Rome and female administrators

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Konstantin Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Social Power ◽  
City Council ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Female Administrators ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Roman Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The titles “mothers of cities” and “patronesses (protectresses) of cities” were awarded in the Roman Empire by the city council or local Senate of the city in question. The paper is an attempt to understand what was the relationship between the women who wore these titles and the citizens who awarded them. It is concluded that the agreement to accept the titles of “mothers” and “patronesses” of cities and the implementation of corresponding activities within the relevant offices, allowed Roman women to enter the system of social power in the Empire, thus bypassing the legislative prohibition for women to occupy a political office and participate in elections.

scholarly journals THE RIOT OF A.D. 387 IN ANTIOCH

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
D. Pukhovets
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Central Government ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Christian Leader ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Elite ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The aim of the article is to consider the insurrection that took place at A.D. 387 in one of the 4 largest cities of the Roman Empire – Antioch. The political situation in the cities of the empire is analyzed through the prism of the rebellion – the relationship in the triangle: imperial power – curia (urban elite) – the population. The main sources from the history of revolt are analyzed in the clause. They are the speeches of the pagan orator Libanius and the Christian leader John Chrysostom. It was clarified with what purpose they wrote their works, on which listeners they were calculated, which facts about mutiny they wanted to submit truthfully, and what they wanted to conceal. The emphasis is on the causes of the uprising and the dynamics of its deployment. Separate consideration is given to the presence of a religious factor among the causes of rebellion. Particular attention is paid to the question which categories of the population took the most active part in the insurrection, which role in the events belonged to the theatrical claques. The situation in Antioch after the suppression of the uprising, the causes of chaos and disorder in the city are investigated. Also, it is followed the process of establishing the interaction between the central government of Emperor Theodosius I and the city elite of Antioch after the revolt. It was determined which punishments were received by various sections of the population of Antioch according to the decisions of the emperor and his representatives in Syria.

Introduction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID BRAUND
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Geographical Scope ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This book was conceived when the British Academy supported a conference in November 2001 in collaboration with the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of the Ukraine. However, the chapters presented in this book were conceived long before the meeting. In particular, whereas the meeting covered various topics, this book is solely concerned with the interactions of the city of Olbia with its immediate environs. Although the theme and geographical scope have been delimited, the chronological framework of the book remains expansive. It discusses the emergence of the city of Olbia up to its local situation under the early Roman empire. Although the relationship of Olbia with neighbouring communities was marked by controversies and issues, the book makes no attempt to expunge the differences in the interpretations, either between the chapters within the book or between these chapters and other accounts. In contrast, the more controversial matters are flagged within the book and are brought out more explicitly. Discussed in this text are: the progress of archaeology in Olbia, the Greek and non-Greek interactions of the lower Bug, the interpretation of Herodotus's account of Olbia and its environs, the religious dimension of contacts between Greeks and non-Greeks, the settlement of Trakhtemirov, the trade and exchanges between Olbia and its environs, and the struggles of Olbia for its existence amid intrusion of the Roman empire.

scholarly journals Análisis del efecto Airbnb en la ciudad de Valencia. Situación actual (2020) y perspectivas de futuro / / / \ \ \ Analysis of the Airbnb effect in the city of Valencia. Current situation (2020) and future prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
David De la Osada Saurí ◽  
María Dolores Pitarch-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Resumen: Las ciudades experimentan cambios rápidos. Uno de estos tiene como elemento disruptivo el crecimiento del turismo, es decir, de la atractividad de determinados espacios urbanos que ha dado lugar a un aumento de la oferta para los visitantes, tanto de recursos como, sobre todo, de alojamiento. Un elemento clave para explicar este aumento de la oferta es el alquiler turístico o alquiler de corta duración a través de plataformas digitales, entre las que destaca Airbnb. En la ciudad de Valencia, este fenómeno ha experimentado un crecimiento espectacular durante el segundo decenio del presente siglo. A partir de un análisis detallado de la oferta turística en los barrios de Valencia, se detecta una concentración en aquellos espacios con cierto atractivo turístico. En la presente investigación se realiza una aproximación a la relación existente entre el proceso de turistificación, medido a través de la oferta presente en la plataforma digital Airbnb en la ciudad de Valencia, y otros fenómenos como el aumento del precio del alquiler en algunos barrios, el impacto de los proyectos urbanísticos y de protección del patrimonio, etc. En conclusión, parece demostrado que Airbnb ha encontrado acomodo aumentando la presión turística en los barrios centrales y el frente marítimo, sin embargo, aún no se ha llegado a los límites de saturación que existen en otras ciudades, al menos así se desprende del análisis de la opinión de los residentes. El parón turístico originado por la pandemia del Covid-19 puede ser una oportunidad para replantear el modelo turístico de la ciudad.   Palabras clave: Turistificación; Valencia; Airbnb; alquiler vacacional.   Abstract: Cities are undergoing rapid change. One of these transformations has as its disruptive element the growth of tourism, that is, the attractiveness of certain urban spaces which has led to an increase in the supply for visitors, both of resources and, above all, of accommodation. A key element in explaining this increase in short-term rental flats through platforms, among which Airbnb stands out.  In the city of Valencia, this phenomenon has experienced spectacular growth during the second decade of this century. Based on a detailed analysis of the tourist offer in the neighbourhoods of Valencia, a concentration has been detected in those areas with a certain tourist attraction. This research do an approximation to the relationship between the process of tourism, measured through the offer in the Airbnb platform in the city of Valencia and other phenomena such as the increase in rent in some neighbourhoods, the impact of urban planning and heritage protection projects, etc. In conclusion, it seems to be demonstrated that Airbnb has found accommodation by increasing the tourist pressure in the central districts and the waterfront, however, the saturation limits which exist in other cities have not yet been reached, at least this is clear from the analysis of the residents' opinion. The tourist stoppage caused by the Covid-19 pandemic may be an opportunity to rethink the city's tourism model.   Key words: Tourist Board; Valencia; Airbnb; holiday rental.

Wenn stadtpolitische Bewegungen das Terrain des Staats betreten

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (191) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Diesselhorst
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
City Government ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Hierarchical Decision Making ◽  
Urban Social Movements ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Hierarchical Decision ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article discusses the struggles of urban social movements for a de-neoliberalisation of housing policies in Poulantzian terms as a “condensation of the relationship of forces”. Drawing on an empirical analysis of the “Berliner Mietenvolksentscheid” (Berlin rent referendum), which was partially successful in forcing the city government of Berlin to adopt a more progressive housing policy, the article argues that urban social movements have the capacity to challenge neoliberal housing regimes. However, the specific materiality of the state apparatus and its strategic selectivity both limit the scope of intervention for social movements aiming at empowerment and non-hierarchical decision-making.

Challenging the Terms of Order: Representations of the Detroit Rebellions, 1967–1968

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Camp
Keyword(s):  
State Violence ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Us History ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
John Clarke

While many analysts have commented on the representation of 1968 campus events and antiwar demonstrations, less attention has been paid to the global significance of the dramatic struggles in industrial Detroit during the period. The meanings of events in the city were intensely fought over. As Stuart Hall, Chas Critcher, Tony Jefferson, John Clarke, and Brian Roberts observed, the events of 1968 were “an act of collective will, the breaks and ruptures stemming from the rapid expansion in the ideology, culture and civil structures of the new capitalism . . . in the form of a ‘crisis of authority.’” In Detroit the crisis of authority was expressed in the form of popular political struggles against racism, state violence, and the contradictions of life in the industrial capitalist city. This article asks and answers the following research questions about the struggle over the meaning of this decisive turning point in US history: What was the relationship between racial ordering, uneven capitalist development, and mass antiracist and class struggles? How did Black working-class organic intellectuals resist and alter hegemonic definitions of the situation? How are the dialectics of insurgency and counterinsurgency to be best theorized during this precise historical conjuncture? 

Determinants Considered by Consumers for Brand Selection - with Reference to Laptops in Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Plloçi ◽  
Macit Koc
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Core Features

Abstract Purpose of the article There is relatively a big number of brands in the market of laptops nowadays in Albania. It appears that the number of brands offered in this market could easily be compared to the number of brands in Europe and even broader. The purpose of this study is to help Albanian vendors understand the criteria that consumers take into consideration when they make the decision to purchase a laptop. Methodology/methods The research is based on the collection and the analyses of the primary data collected through interviews to people like managers or employees who work in the sector of trading laptops or in businesses like education where laptops are broadly used recently; then a survey is done through a questionnaire delivered to customers who already own and use a laptop and customers who are potential buyers of laptops. Scientific aim The aim of the research is to identify if there are any relationships between the demographics of the consumers and the criteria of buying a laptop; on the other hand, to find out how is the relationship between the demographics and the features of different brands. Findings The study found out that Albanian consumers have good knowledge of laptops and their brands, and they use different sources of information for making their decisions in buying a laptop; it is found that there are relationships between some demographics like age or gender and the appraisal for some attributes of the laptops like price, design and high graphics card; it is also found that some technical features and other attributes of using laptops are some of the determinants that influence the laptops’ purchases. Conclusions It is realized that one of the most important demographics of the consumers is their age. Some core features like RAM, ROM, battery life, processor quality, light weight or attributes that are connected to the purposes of using the laptop computers like practicality and mobility in using them, work and studying processes, quick access to the internet are determinant factors which influence the decision making process of purchasing a laptop. I would recommend that future researches be focused also on the relationship between the customers’ income and their preferred brand or ranking brands according to the customers’ preferences. Such studies should also extend outside the city of Tirana.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE - THE HERO CITY OF KYIV AS A GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE AND THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chepov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
District Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The qualitative and clear definition of the legal regime of the capital of Ukraine, the hero city of Kyiv, is influenced by its legislative enshrinement, however, it should be noted that discussions are ongoing and one of the reasons for the unclear legal status of the capital is the ambiguity of current legislation in this area. Separation of the functions of the city of Kyiv, which are carried out to ensure the rights of citizens of Ukraine and the functions that guarantee the rights of the territorial community of the city of Kyiv. In the modern world, in legal doctrine and practice, the capital is understood as the capital of the country, which at the legislative level received this status and, accordingly, is the administrative and political center of the state, which houses the main state bodies and diplomatic missions of other states. It is the identification of the boundaries of the relationship between the competencies of state administrations and local self-government, in practice, often raises questions about their delimitation and ways of regulatory solution. Peculiarities of local self-government in Kyiv city districts are defined in the provisions of the Law on the Capital, which reveal the norms of the Constitution in these legal relations, according to which the issue of organizing district management in cities belongs to city councils. Likewise, it is unregulated by law to lose the particularity of the legal status of the territory of the city. It should be emphasized that the subject of administrative-legal relations is not a certain administrative-territorial entity, but the social group is designated - the territorial community of the city of Kiev, kiyani. Thus, the provisions on the city of Kyiv partially ignore the potential of the territorial community.

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