scholarly journals Ancient Rome and female administrators

Author(s):  
Konstantin Sharov

The titles “mothers of cities” and “patronesses (protectresses) of cities” were awarded in the Roman Empire by the city council or local Senate of the city in question. The paper is an attempt to understand what was the relationship between the women who wore these titles and the citizens who awarded them. It is concluded that the agreement to accept the titles of “mothers” and “patronesses” of cities and the implementation of corresponding activities within the relevant offices, allowed Roman women to enter the system of social power in the Empire, thus bypassing the legislative prohibition for women to occupy a political office and participate in elections.

2017 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Borysova

Introduction. Such variables as number of employees in marketing of organisation, value of marketing expenses, cost on innovation, the number of marketing staff, the share of marketing efforts which is undertaken in cooperation with the city council and different non-profit organizations, the marketing costs, the level of satisfaction of marketers, level of marketing potential, level of innovation potential are considered in this research. They are marketing factors that can affect the level of social impact of Ukrainian providers of urban public transport services. Purpose. The article aims to obtain the adequate econometric model which can demonstrate the relationship between marketing factors, innovation development and the non-economic effect of business entities which provide the urban public transport services. Method (methodology). The results of evaluation of social effect of Ukrainian providers of urban public transport services are evaluated on the basis of mathematical multifactor model. They are presented in the article. Results. The adequate econometric model has been worked out in this research. This model shows the relationship between controllable marketing factors and social effect has been presented in the article. We have determined the controllable marketing factors. They are number of employees and volunteers in marketing, the average monthly wage of employees in marketing, satisfaction of volunteers, total current assets of an organization, and the level of marketing potential. The model can be used to predict the level of social (ecological) impact of providers of urban public transport services in the Ukrainian society.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-219
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Bonfigli ◽  
Germano Andre Doederlein Schwartz ◽  
Fabricio Pontin

This work is part of the research project developed by the Observatory on New Social Movements and Law in Brazil at La Salle University, focusing in the city of Porto Alegre and on the occupation of the City Council on July of 2013, which is placed in the context of the protests against the increase of bus fares and for free fare, attempting to understand the relationship between the political organization of the Bloco de Lutas pelo Transporte Publico and its legal group during the eight days of City Council occupation. We conducted semi-structured interviews with members of the occupation in order to clarify the dynamics in the movement and its understanding of the relationship between law and social movements, highlighting the deferment of the eviction order and the elaboration of two Bills as fundamental moments of the relationship between the collective organization of the occupation and its legal team. Este artículo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación desarrollado por el Observatorio de Nuevos Movimientos Sociales y Derecho de la Universidad La Salle de Brasil. Nos centramos en la ciudad de Porto Alegre y en la ocupación de su ayuntamiento en julio de 2013, en el contexto de las protestas contra el aumento de las tarifas de autobús y a favor del transporte gratuito. Intentamos comprender la relación entre la organización política del Bloco de Lutas pelo Transporte Publico y su grupo jurídico durante los ocho días que duró la ocupación. Realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas con miembros de la ocupación para aclarar las dinámicas del movimiento y cómo entendía la relación entre derecho y movimientos sociales, destacando el aplazamiento de la orden de desalojo y la elaboración de dos leyes como momentos fundamentales de la relación entre la organización colectiva de la ocupación y su equipo jurídico.


Author(s):  
Bernhard Weisser

The Editors of this Book Requested a study of an individual city to contrast with the broader regional surveys. This contribution attempts to demonstrate the advantages of a fuller exploration of the specific context of a civic coinage by focusing on selected issues from the coinage of Pergamum— alongside Ephesus and Smyrna one of the three largest cities in the Western part of Asia Minor. In the Julio-Claudian period Pergamum’s coin designs were dominated by the imperial succession and the city’s first neocorate temple (17 BC–AD 59). In AD 59 Pergamum’s coinage stopped for more than two decades. When it resumed under Domitian (AD 83) new topics were continuously introduced until the reign of Caracalla (AD 211–17). These included gods, cults, heroes, personifications, architecture, sculpture, games, and civic titles. After Caracalla the city concentrated on a few key images, such as Asclepius or the emperor. At the same time, coin legends— especially civic titles—gained greater importance. This trend continued until the city’s coinage came to an end under Gallienus (AD 253–68). The overall range of Pergamum’s coin iconography was broadly similar to that of other cities in the East of the Roman empire. Coins of Pergamum from the imperial period fall into (at least) sixty-four issues, the most diverse of which employed twenty different coin types. In all, around 340 different types are currently known. They provide a solid base from which to explore various relationships. These include the relationship between coin obverses and reverses, as well as the place of an individual coin type within its own issue, and within the city’s coinage as a whole. Coin designs could allude to objects and events within Pergamum itself, or focus on the city’s connections with the outside world: with small neighbouring cities, with the other great cities within the province of Asia, or with Rome and the imperial family. Communication via the medium of civic coinage was in the first instance presumably directed towards the citizens of Pergamum. At the same time coinage also reflected developments outside the city. Social and geographical mobility was encouraged by an imperial system which allowed distinguished members of local elites access to the highest military and administrative posts.


2007 ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis V. Casaló ◽  
Carlos Flavián ◽  
Miguel Guinalíu

This chapter introduces the concept of m-government and its implications for both citizens and public institutions. Although m-government is currently in an initial phase of development, its potential in the relationship between the public sector and the citizen is obvious because of, for example, the large number of mobile phone users among the public. In addition, the development of m-government initiatives generates a good number of bene?ts for the public sector that operates it as well as for the public, who experience improved accessibility to electronic public services. Because of this, this chapter analyses m-government initiatives developed by the Zaragoza City Council (Spain) in order to describe its bene?ts, implications for the relationship between the City Council and the citizen, and the future perspectives of these initiatives. We have speci?cally chosen a country like Spain due to the fact that mobile telephone usage is widespread and, at the same time, local government level has been chosen as the citizen participates more in the relationship with the public sector when it is at the local level.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Paul R. DeHart ◽  

In Pagans & Christians in the City, Steven D. Smith argues that in contrast to ancient Rome, ancient Christianity, following Judaism, located the sacred outside the world, desacralizing the cosmos and everything in it—including the political order. It thereby introduced a political dualism and potentially contending allegiances. Although Smith’s argument is right so far as it goes, it underplays the role of Christianity’s immanent dimension in subverting the Roman empire and the sacral pattern of antiquity. This division of authority not only undermined the Roman empire and antique sacral political order more generally—it also subverts the modern state, which, in the work of Hobbes and Rousseau, sought to remarry what Western Christianity divorced.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Fanelli

This article explores how the politics and economics of austerity has influenced collective bargaining between the CUPE Locals 79/416 and the city of Toronto. I explore the relationship between neoliberalism and workplace precarity, drawing attention to the importance of the municipal public sector to trade unionism and the political potential of urbanized Left-labour radicalism. Following this, I provide an overview of the repeated attempts by City Council to extract concessions from unionized workers with a focus on the concession-filled 2012 round of bargaining and its relationship to earlier rounds. In what follows I discuss the implications of austerity bargaining for Locals 79 and 416 members, drawing attention to the repercussions this may have for other public sector workers. To conclude, I propose an alternative political strategy for municipal public sector unions, stressing the importance of a radicalized labour approach. It is my contention that this requires the development of both alternative policies and an alternative politics rooted in demands for workplace democracy and social justice.


2011 ◽  
pp. 3033-3047
Author(s):  
Luis V. Casaló ◽  
Carlos Flavián ◽  
Miguel Guinalíu

This chapter introduces the concept of m-government and its implications for both citizens and public institutions. Although m-government is currently in an initial phase of development, its potential in the relationship between the public sector and the citizen is obvious because of, for example, the large number of mobile phone users among the public. In addition, the development of m-government initiatives generates a good number of bene?ts for the public sector that operates it as well as for the public, who experience improved accessibility to electronic public services. Because of this, this chapter analyses m-government initiatives developed by the Zaragoza City Council (Spain) in order to describe its bene?ts, implications for the relationship between the City Council and the citizen, and the future perspectives of these initiatives. We have speci?cally chosen a country like Spain due to the fact that mobile telephone usage is widespread and, at the same time, local government level has been chosen as the citizen participates more in the relationship with the public sector when it is at the local level.


In December 2019 is the 150th anniversary of the birth of Yevgen Olexandrovich Chernousov (1869–?), a well-known representative of Kharkov Byzantine studies and Antiquity, a privat-docent (1909–1917), and a full-docent (1917–1918) at the Department of General History of Kharkiv University. The main subject of the historian’s research was the Byzantine cultural, political, legal phenomena and the socio-economic development of the Roman Empire. His scientific heritage consists of more than twenty articles published in leading Western European and Russian Byzantine journals. Y. O. Chernousov was one of the first in the Russian Empire who teached the course of the History of Byzantium at Kharkiv University, and was also the main candidate for the replacement of the Byzantine studies department, the opening of which was planned in accordance with the unrealized plan of University charter of 1906. The scientific heritage of Y. O. Chernousov demonstrates his high professional level as a byzantinist. His research method evolved on Byzantine material from a simple description of historical events by retelling evidence from sources that took place in his monograph on the history of Ancient Rome, to a deep theoretical understanding of the complex issues of the economic, political, cultural, legal development of Byzantium. In addition to Roman history and the Byzantine parties of the circus, the subject of his study was the history of the Byzantine capital and provincial culture and education, historical thought and literary tradition, the influence of Byzantine law on Old Rus. Unfortunately, due to the revolutionary events of 1917, the scientist was forced to leave Kharkov, continuing his teaching work in Poltava and in Rostov-on-Don. In 1930 he was arrested, in 1931–1934 he was in exile in the city of Kalach, Lower Volga region. His further fate and exact date of death is unknown.


Author(s):  
D. Pukhovets

The aim of the article is to consider the insurrection that took place at A.D. 387 in one of the 4 largest cities of the Roman Empire – Antioch. The political situation in the cities of the empire is analyzed through the prism of the rebellion – the relationship in the triangle: imperial power – curia (urban elite) – the population. The main sources from the history of revolt are analyzed in the clause. They are the speeches of the pagan orator Libanius and the Christian leader John Chrysostom. It was clarified with what purpose they wrote their works, on which listeners they were calculated, which facts about mutiny they wanted to submit truthfully, and what they wanted to conceal. The emphasis is on the causes of the uprising and the dynamics of its deployment. Separate consideration is given to the presence of a religious factor among the causes of rebellion. Particular attention is paid to the question which categories of the population took the most active part in the insurrection, which role in the events belonged to the theatrical claques. The situation in Antioch after the suppression of the uprising, the causes of chaos and disorder in the city are investigated. Also, it is followed the process of establishing the interaction between the central government of Emperor Theodosius I and the city elite of Antioch after the revolt. It was determined which punishments were received by various sections of the population of Antioch according to the decisions of the emperor and his representatives in Syria.


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noli Brazil

This study investigates the relationship between government fines and neighborhood composition using data on parking citations in Los Angeles. Parking ticket fines have received significant attention in public debates concerning bias in government and law enforcement practices. In these debates, community advocates claim that parking citations are spatially concentrated in neighborhoods of predominantly economically vulnerable populations. Using parking ticket data in 2016 from the City of Los Angeles, this study shows that the number of parking tickets is higher in neighborhoods with a larger presence of renters, young adults, and Black residents. The study also finds that the burden on Black neighborhoods is not alleviated by Black representation in city council. However, Hispanic neighborhoods with a Hispanic council representative experienced higher parking ticket rates for regulations that are more likely to be violated by visitors, specifically, violations occurring during the evening and overnight hours, and specific to time-limit and permit-related regulations.


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