The Physics and Metaphysics of Metaphor

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Gillian Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Measure For Measure ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Mark Johnson ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Metaphorical Structures

This section argues that Lyly’s and Shakespeare’s characters process and experience eros through the primary metaphor of motion. These introductory pages explore the philosophical and conceptual underpinnings of this metaphor through the example of Shakespeare’s Angelo in Measure for Measure. Drawing from the work of cognitive linguistics George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, and Zoltan Kövecses, this section explores the broad metaphorical structures that shape Angelo’s erotic experience as both a passion and an action. Things happen within Angelo well before he ‘acts out’ his sexual pursuit of the novitiate Isabella. The remainder of this section investigates the relationship between erotic potentiality and actuality, or entelechy, in Aristotle’s Physics and Metaphysics. In Aristotle’s writings, as in Shakespeare’s play, the boundary between potency and actuality is fluid rather than fixed. As a result, Angelo’s metaphors dramatize the capacity of erotic potentiality to create drama. For him, as for so many of Lyly’s and Shakespeare’s characters, desire is itself a frenzied action.

scholarly journals Metaphor and Methodology for Cross-Cultural Investigation of Hebrew Emotions

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Phil King
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Mark Johnson ◽  
John Taylor

Feeling down or in a tight spot? How do we know what someone means when they tell us how they feel? How could we go further and explain how emotions are understood across cultures? This article looks at three approaches—the use of physiology, of key words, and of metaphors. This is followed by a demonstration of the insights from the metaphorical approach as applied to Anglo emotions. Applying this metaphorical approach to biblical Hebrew (where there is no access to native speakers) is much more difficult than to a living language. However, application of the Cognitive Linguistics of George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, Raymond Gibbs, John Taylor and others allows the construction of a methodology to give evidence for what emotions the Hebrew authors felt. This methodology is applied to Hebrew descriptions of distress to show how such emotions are conceptualised. The article also explains how this methodology can be applied more widely, to evaluate others’ claims about how the ancient Israelites thought and felt. Finally, some implications are given in the areas of Hebrew exegesis, cultural anthropology, and for the translation of “emotional” texts.

scholarly journals Body, Forces, and Paths

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Golan Gur
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metaphorical Thinking ◽  
Body Forces ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Mark Johnson

Studies by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in the field of cognitive linguistics give rise to a theory of meaning that bestows a central role on metaphorical thinking and the body. This essay explores the ramifications of physical embodiment on Jean-Philippe Rameau’s conceptualization of tonal harmony. My examination will show that Johnson’s theory of the bodily basis of metaphor is not sufficiently adequate to account for all the aspects of Rameau’s harmonic theory, and additional sources for metaphorical projection should be taken into account for its full rendering.

scholarly journals På sporet af en mytes oprindelse

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Maria Leopold
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Mental Faculty ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
Max Müller ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Mark Johnson ◽  
Definition Of Religion ◽  
Definition Of

This article is a rereading of Friedrich Max Müller’s theory of the origin and growth of religion and mythology in the light of modern cognitive theories. The intention of this research is to draw attention to Max Müller’s linguistic and cognitive hypothesis of mythology and religion and compare it to modern cognitive theories presented by Mark Turner, Gilles Fauconnier, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. In the theory of Max Müller, notions such as ‘myth being a disease of language’ and ‘man’s propensity to religion’ originate from a certain ‘mental faculty’,  which reveals an ontologically distinct definition of religion. According to Max Müller, myth is the result of the defective attempt of early language to classify the surrounding world of man. These theories, which have been considered idiosyncratic and useless, appear more plausible in the light of current cognitive linguistics, and Max Müller’s intuitions are viewed in the light of these recent theories.

PRAGMATIC MEANING AND COGNITION.Sabine S. A. Marmaridou. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2000. Pp. xii + 322. $65.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-568
Author(s):  
Bruce Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Mark Johnson

Pragmatic meaning and cognition provides an analysis of pragmatic meaning that is grounded in general cognitive linguistics. It makes use of the specific framework of “experiential realism” as put forth in the works of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, which views language as a representation of reality as it is perceived and experienced by human beings. As such, experiential realism stands in contradistinction to an objectivist framework in which language is a symbolic representation of objectively existing reality. Marmaridou's overarching goal is to demonstrate how sociocultural aspects of pragmatic meaning are integrated into cognitive structure rather than being external to it.

scholarly journals Dialogue on Film and Philosophy

M/C Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Wilhelmsson
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Socratic Dialogue ◽  
Text Format ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
John Lennon ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Mark Johnson

Editors' Preface When Ulf Wilhelmsson first contacted us about including his "Dialogue on Film and Philosophy" in the M/C 'chat' issue, we were initially taken aback. True, the notion of chat surely must include that of 'dialogue', but Wilhelmsson's idea, as he put it to us, was that of a Socratic dialogue about film. The dialogue "Film och Filosofi" already existed in Swedish, but he had done an initial rough translation of the dialogue on his Website. Since Wilhelmsson put this to us in the very early days of the submission period, we decided to have a look. Wilhelmsson had omitted to mention the fact that his dialogue was amusing as well as informative. Playing Socrates was ... Quentin Tarantino. Tarantino was not just discussing film, but he was moderating a hefty grab-bag of influential philosphers, film-makers, film-scholars and the odd Beatle (John Lennon). Furthermore, creeping in to many of the utterances in the discussion was Wilhelmsson's take on Tarantino's vernacular -- keep an eye out for "Bada boom bada boom, get it?" and "Oh Sartre. Dude, I would also like to provide a similar example". The philosphers sometimes also get a chance to break out of their linguistic bonds, such as Herakleit, who tells us that "War is the primogenitor of the whole shebang". Occasionally, Wilhelmsson lets his conversants get rowdy (St Thomas of Aquinas and Aristotle yell "Tabula Rasa!" in unison), put on accents (Michel Chion with French accent: "Merci merci. Je vous en pris that you are recognising tse sound"), be "dead sure of themselves" (George Lakoff and Mark Johnson; Noam Chomsky thanks us for our attention) and wander in and out of the dialogue's virtual space (at the end, Immanuel Kant returns to us after his daily walk around town). Unfortunately, due to its length, the dialogue can not be supplied in regular M/C 'bits', and so we have made it available as a downloadable Rich Text Format file. Felicity Meakins & E. Sean Rintel -- M/C 'chat' co-editors Download "Dialogue on Film and Philosophy" in Rich Text Format: Citation reference for this article MLA style: Ulf Wilhelmsson. "Dialogue on Film and Philosophy." M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3.4 (2000). [your date of access] <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0008/dialogue.php>. Chicago style: Ulf Wilhelmsson, "Dialogue on Film and Philosophy," M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3, no. 4 (2000), <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0008/dialogue.php> ([your date of access]). APA style: Ulf Wilhelmsson. (2000) Dialogue on Film and Philosophy. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3(4). <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0008/dialogue.php> ([your date of access]).

scholarly journals Analysis of Political Metaphors in Donald J. Trump’s State of the Union Address in 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Tang Bingyu
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Relationship

On the basis of Conceptual Metaphor Theory proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, this paper conducts a cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors in Donald J. Trump’s State of the Union Address in 2020, aiming to explain the metaphors in the State of the Union Address, reveal the political intentions hidden behind the metaphors, and construe the relationship between politics and metaphor. It is found that the metaphors in this State of the Union Address are: CONFLICT metaphors, BUILDING metaphor, JOURNEY metaphors, ORIENTATIONAL metaphors, and PLANT metaphors. Through the analysis, this paper concludes that conceptual metaphor has the function of persuading the masses and shaping the image of politicians. At the same time, this paper also finds that politics restricts the choice and application of metaphor.

The Body as Metaphor

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Mark Johnson

AbstractThis essay considers Philo of Alexandria’s metaphor in which he used the dual nature of embodied existence (body and soul) to argue that both literal and allegorical readings are legitimate. It examines the metaphor in the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CTM) developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson that argues that experience is the key to meaning. A metaphor occurs when we apply a pattern that we have observed in one setting (gestalt) to another. In this case, Philo has drawn on a Platonic/Stoic understanding of being human and applied it to contested hermeneutics within the Alexandrian Jewish community in an effort to maintain a sense of unity among two groups. The metaphorical experience is the recognition that Scripture is polyvalent in the same way that being human is.

scholarly journals Cuerpo, metáforas conceptuales y religión

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Rosenberg Alape Vergara
Keyword(s):  
George Lakoff ◽  
Mark Johnson

Se examina en qué medida las ciencias cognitivas iluminan aspectos cruciales del hecho religioso. Según George Lakoff y Mark Johnson, la teoría de las metáforas esclarece cómo la corporalidad determina estructuralmente las representaciones religiosas, lo que permite sustentar una "espiritualidad encarnada". Se busca mostrar que la propuesta requiere superar al menos dos tendencias para lograr un juicio crítico sobre la religión: una, reducir la religión a un asunto de sistemas conceptuales; otra, restar importancia a la cuestión hermenéutica para la valoración de la experiencia religiosa.

scholarly journals Disidentified national subjects and failed Europeans in Nuno Cardoso’s Portuguese Shakespeares

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Francesca Rayner
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Richard Ii ◽  
Measure For Measure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Stereotypes

In the context of a proposed multi-speed neo-Europe where the wealthier nations are allowed to accumulate more wealth and the less wealthy nations such as Portugal are left to fend for themselves, this article looks at the staging of national stereotypes in Portuguese director Nuno Cardoso’s Shakespeare trilogy ( Richard II in 2007, Measure for Measure in 2012 and Coriolanus in 2014). Each of these performances examined the relationship between those who govern and those who are governed, using strategies of disidentification with stereotypes of the nation and national identity.

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