Figures

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-203
Author(s):  
George Oppitz-Trotman
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
First Time

How do we see the figures of baroque drama? This chapter challenges common moral and historical interpretations of the revenge play by showing how judgement itself is forestalled by prior difficulties of discernment and recognition. Such difficulties are produced by these plays because early modern playwrights had begun for the first time to link tragic form to problems of figure and figuration, person and personation. From this interest arose serious artistic investigations of dramatic materials, achieved via extended manipulation of revenge tragedy’s corpses, ghosts, and uncertain substances. Exploring these from a variety of angles, this chapter concludes that both moralist and historicist accounts of early modern tragedy have conspired in the neglect of its most inventive claims upon our attention.

[I] ‘did write this Wyll with my own hand’

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Markidou
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Early Modern London ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

This article attempts for the first time to shed light on the politics of simulation and dissimulation in Isabella Whitney’s ‘Wyll and Testament’. It also argues that the poem both reflects its creator’s awareness of the celebrated English historical and topographical narratives and deviates from them by crucially omitting a seminal part of London’s history, namely its Troynovant tradition. In so doing, as well as by defining a paradoxical urban landscape, Whitney presents a tale not of the (mythic) founding of the English capital with its patriarchal and nation-building connotations, but of its (satiric) bequeathal by benevolent femininity, as such offering its reader a different angle from which to explore and interpret early modern London.

European Mail Armour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn A. Wijnhoven
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
First Time

Mail armour (commonly mislabelled 'chainmail') was used for more than two millennia on the battlefield. After its invention in the Iron Age, mail rapidly spread all over Europe and beyond. The Roman army, keen on new military technology, soon adopted mail armour and used it successfully for centuries. Its history did not stop there and mail played a vital role in warfare during the Middle Ages up to the Early Modern Period. Given its long history, one would think mail is a well-documented material, but that is not the case. For the first time, this books lays a solid foundation for the understanding of mail armour and its context through time. It applies a long-term multi-dimensional approach to extract a wealth of as yet untapped information from archaeological, iconographic and written sources. This is complemented with technical insights on the mail maker’s chaîne opératoire.

scholarly journals SEAL OF THE “COSSACK” SKETE “BLACK WHIRLPOOL” AT ATHOS (LATE 18th — EARLY 19th c.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Sergiy Shumylo ◽  
Oleksandr Alfyorov
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time ◽  
Official Status

The article examines and first introduces into scientific circulation the seal of the “Cossack” skete on Mount Athos “Black Whirlpool” (“Mavro Vyr”) of the 18th — early 19th centuries. Its image was found in Ukrainian and foreign archives among three skete documents of 1758, 1766 and 1802. For the first time, two skete documents from this era are published in applications. Based on the analysis of archival sources, little-known facts are revealed, in particular regarding the status of the Black Whirlpool as a self-governing skete on Mount Athos. It has been established that the seal of the Black Whirlpool has not only historical value, but also represents an example of Ukrainian printing art and also has artistic value. This seal is an important confirmation and attribute of the official status of the monastery. This status of a self-governing skete and the national composition of its inhabitants are indicated on the seal itself, which in itself is a significant historical evidence. The study introduces scientific novelty in the context of studying the historical, spiritual and cultural ties between Ukraine and Athos in the early modern ages.

On the Appropriation of Lexicographic Methods of Kemālpaşazāde’s (1468–1534) Glossary Daḳāyiḳu l-ḥaḳāyiḳ

DIYÂR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Hasmik Kirakosyan ◽  
Ani Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
First Time

The glossary Daḳāyiḳu l-ḥaḳāyiḳ by Kemālpaşazāde is a valuable lexicological work that demonstrates the appropriation of medieval lexicographic methodologies as a means of spreading knowledge of the Persian language in the Transottoman realm. The article aims to analyse this Persian-Ottoman Turkish philological text based on the Arabic and Persian lexicographic traditions of the Early Modern period. The advanced approaches to morphological, lexical and semantic analysis of Persian can be witnessed when examining the Persian word units in the glossary. The study of the methods of the glossary attests to the prestigious status of the Persian language in the Ottoman Empire at a time when Turkish was strengthening its multi-faceted positions. Taking into account the linguistic analysis methods that were available in the sixteenth century, contemporary philological research is suggesting new etymologies for some Persian words and introduces novel lemmata, which make their first-time appearance in Persian vocabulary.

The Muhammad Avatāra

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha A. Irani
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Salvation History ◽  
First Time ◽  
Islamic Literature

The Muhammad Avatāra: Salvation History, Translation, and the Making of Bengali Islam reveals the powerful role of vernacular translation in the Islamization of Bengal. Its focus is on the magnificent seventeenth-century Nabīvaṃśa of Saiyad Sultān, who lived in Arakanese-controlled Chittagong. Drawing upon the Arabo-Persian Tales of the Prophets genre, the Nabīvaṃśa (“Lineage of the Prophet”) retells the life of the Prophet Muhammad for the first time to Bengalis in their mother-tongue. This book delineates the challenges faced by the author in articulating the pre-eminence of Islam and its Arabian prophet in a land where multiple religious affiliations were common, and when Gauṛīya Vaiṣṇava missionary activity was at its zenith. Sultān played a pioneering role in setting into motion various lexical, literary, performative, theological, and, ultimately, ideological processes that led to the establishment of a distinctively Bengali Islam in east Bengal. At the heart of this transformation lay the persuasiveness of translation on a new Islamic frontier. The Nabīvaṃśa not only kindled a veritable translation movement of Arabo-Persian Islamic literature into Bangla, but established the grammar of creative translation that was to become canonical for this regional tradition. This text-critical study lays bare the sophisticated strategies of translation used by a prominent early modern Muslim Bengali intellectual to invite others to his faith.

The Disruptive Presence of the Namban-jin in Early Modern Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 581-602
Author(s):  
Alexandra Curvelo
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
The South ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
First Time ◽  
Folding Screens

Abstract When the Portuguese arrived in Japan around 1543, it was the first time in the history of the archipelago that Western foreigners had entered the country and settled there. These “barbarians from the south” (namban-jin) were considered strangers and viewed with curiosity and suspicion. In Tokugawa Japan (c. 1615-1868), politically marked by territorial unification and the centralization of power, the image of the Europeans that was created and visually registered on folding screens and lacquer-ware was used as a model to frame this presence by both the Japanese political and economic elites and those considered marginal to the existing social order. Namban art, especially paintings, can be seen as a visual display of Japan’s self-knowledge and its knowledge of distant “neighbours.”

scholarly journals Citizenship in Chinese and Global History Before and After the 1890s

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
R. Bin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
European History ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Global History ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Persuasive Arguments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Institutional Foundations

AbstractMaarten Prak's Citizens without Nations merits praise for what he has added to our understanding of early modern and modern European history. He presents persuasive arguments and evidence for how variations among early modern European cities and their citizens together with subsequent variations among relations between cities and state shaped the modern relations between European national states and their citizens. Prak also extends the concept of citizenship to China and the Ottoman Empire where neither the ideological, nor the institutional features of European citizenship existed by discussing Chinese and Ottoman urban social, economic, and political practices that in early modern Europe relate to citizenship. Such a move makes invisible the early modern ideological and institutional foundations of the Chinese and Ottoman practices he recounts. It additionally creates the problem of determining how, if at all, what he calls Chinese and Ottoman citizenship mattered to nineteenth-century Chinese and Ottoman subjects as they encountered for the first time Western notions of citizenship. In order to write global history, we need more studies of Chinese, Ottoman, and other histories, which explain the changing political architecture of relations between people and those who ruled them to complement what Maarten Prak's fine study of citizens without nations gives us for European history.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate on Southeast Asia, circa 950–1820: New Findings

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR LIEBERMAN ◽  
BRENDAN BUCKLEY
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia

AbstractThe recent discovery of continuous tree-ring series starting as early as 1030 CE has for the first time made possible the reconstruction of historical climates for much of mainland Southeast Asia. Perhaps the most dramatic finding is that wide cyclic fluctuations in the reach and volume of monsoon rains contributed substantially to both the genesis and the collapse of the charter civilizations of Angkor, Pagan, and Dai Viet. Fromcirca1450–1820 climate continued to influence political and economic development, but its impact appears to have diminished both because the amplitude of hydrological fluctuations decreased markedly, and because new sources of power rendered early modern Southeast Asian states more resilient. A pioneering collaborative effort by a historian and a paleoclimatologist, this paper promises three benefits: It can help to solve a variety of local historiographic puzzles, it can facilitate construction of a synchronized historical narrative for mainland Southeast Asia as a whole, and it can aid comparisons between mainland Southeast Asia and other sectors of Eurasia.

scholarly journals The Duke of Albany's Invasion of England in 1523 and Military Mobilisation in Sixteenth-century Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Neil Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
The Political ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
French And English ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
First Time

In November 1523 a Scottish army, led by John Stewart, duke of Albany, invaded England for the first time since the battle of Flodden. While this was a major campaign, it has largely been ignored in the extensive literature on Anglo-Scottish warfare. Drawing on Scottish, French and English records, this article provides a systematic analysis of the campaign. Although the campaign of 1523 was ultimately unsuccessful, it is the most comprehensively documented Scottish offensive against England before the seventeenth century and the extensive records detailing the expedition advances broader understanding of military mobilisation in medieval and early modern Scotland. While the national mobilisation drive which sought to gather men from across the kingdom was ultimately unsuccessful, the expedition witnessed the most extensive number of French soldiers yet sent to Scotland. Finally, the article considers how an examination of the expedition enhances understanding of regency rule and the political conditions in Scotland in the years after Flodden.

The Eye of Truth (L’œil de la verité)

Daphnis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-107
Author(s):  
Katrin Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Wars Of Religion ◽  
Early Modern France ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Modern France ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time

Written in the last decades of the sixteenth century and anonymously published for the first time in 1616, Agrippa d’Aubigné’s epic poem Les Tragiques offers an unusual literary testimony of interconfessional violence during the Wars of Religion in early modern France. Focusing on Aubigné’s aim to give a documentation of violence for generations to come, this article discusses the complex relationship between testimony and epic narration. Agrippa d’Aubignés Epos Les Tragiques, das der Autor 1616 nach jahrzehntelanger Bearbeitungszeit erstmals anonym veröffentlicht, stellt in Hinblick auf die gewaltsamen konfessionellen Auseinandersetzungen, die Frankreich in der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts erschütterten, ein außergewöhnliches Beispiel literarischer Zeugenschaft dar. Mit Blick auf das unverkennbare Anliegen des Autors, die erlittene Gewalt zu bezeugen und der Nachwelt zugänglich zu machen, erörtert der vorliegende Artikel das testimoniale Potenzial epischen Erzählens.

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