scholarly journals The Human Chameleon: Zelig, Nietzsche and the Banality of Evil

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-295
Author(s):  
Nidesh Lawtoo

This article revisits the case of Woody Allen’s mockumentary Zelig (1983) via Friedrich Nietzsche’s diagnostic of mimicry in The Gay Science. It argues that the case of the “human chameleon” remains contemporary for both philosophical and political reasons. On the philosophical side, I argue that the case of Zelig challenges an autonomous conception of the subject based on rational self-sufficiency (or Homo Sapiens) by proposing a relational conception of the subject open to mimetic influences (or homo mimeticus) that will have to await the discovery of mirror neurons in the 1990s in order to find an empirical confirmation. On the political side, I say that Zelig foregrounds the power of authoritarian leaders in the 1930s to cast a spell on both imitative crowds and publics in terms that provide a mimetic supplement to Hannah Arendt’s account of the “banality of evil”. The philosophical purchase of Zelig’s cinematic dramatization of a mimetic subject is that it reveals how the “inability to think” (Hannah Arendt) characteristic of the case of Eichmann rests on unnoticed affective principles constitutive of the all-too-human penchant for “mimicry” (Nietzsche) the film dramatises. Thus reframed, the human chameleon reflects (on) the dangers of mimetic dispossessions that reached massive proportions in the past century and continue to cast a shadow on the present century.

1961 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Greifer

It is a commonplace observation of French politics of the past century that men who started out as radicals turned conservative as they grew older, and that party groups launched with radical names and programs, though they kept the names, swung to the Right with the passage of time. In both cases we explain the transformation, in part at least, as evidence of an increasing satisfaction with the status quo, as the political system made room for the newcomer. In Joseph de Maistre we have an example from a somewhat earlier age of a less common phenomenon, the conservative turned reactionary, and impelled, moreover, to develop a systematic justification of his new position. Evidently, no parallel explanation will serve to account for this change, for Maistre, though he found a place for himself in the public life of his time, grew increasingly dissatisfied with the trend of events around him. It will not do, either, to dismiss him—in the manner of the orthodox tradition in the history of political thought—as an authoritarian ogre, or an irrationalist, or simply as a confused man, a split personality with humanitarian impulses and reactionary ideas. There was no inconsistency in this combination. Rather the explanation must be sought in the political situation of his day as he saw it, and in his concern for the perennial problem of political obligation. The positions that concern led him to take, his rationalizations of them, and the difficulties they landed him in, are the subject of this article.


Author(s):  
Hans Lauge Hansen

Este artículo realiza una lectura de dos novelas chilenas, El desierto de Carlos Franz (2005) y La vida doble de Arturo Fontaine (2010). Ambas novelas aplican la perspectiva del victimario en la represión violenta de la izquierda política después del golpe de estado de Augusto Pinochet en 1973, pero de forma muy diferente. El artículo contextualiza las dos novelas en relación a un ‘giro victimario’ internacional y la subsiguiente desconstrucción de los patrones narrativos utilizados para representar un pasado violento, y propone un enfoque modal en el análisis comparativo de las dos novelas. El concepto de la "banalidad del mal" de Hannah Arendt y las dos diferentes versiones descritas por Maria Torgovnick, "Eichmann está en todos nosotros" y "todos podríamos ser Eichmann", se aplicarán para describir las diferentes formas con que las novelas conceptualizan y contextualizan las categorías morales.  This article engages with a comparative reading of two contemporary Chilean novels, El desierto by Carlos Franz (The desert, 2005) and La vida doble by Arturo Fontaine (The double life, 2010). Both novels include the perspective of a perpetrator in the violent suppression of the political Left following Augusto Pinochet’s coup d’etat in 1973, but they do so in very different ways. The article contextualizes the novels in relation to a broader, international ‘perpetrator turn’ and the subsequent deconstruction of hegemonic narrative templates used in the representation of the conflicts of the past, and proposes to apply a modal approach to the analysis of the differences between the novels. Hannah Arendt’s concept of the "banality of evil" and Maria Torgovnick’s interpretation of its different possible applications, "Eichmann is in all of us" and "Anyone could be Eichmann", are used to describe the different ways in which the two novels engage with moral categories and social contextualization of ‘evil’.


2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
João Carlos Amoroso Botelho

Desde que autores como Germani (1962), Di Tella (1969) e Ianni (1975) aplicaram a noção de populismo à América Latina, muito se escreveu sobre o tema. O conceito se estirou tanto que tem servido para definir políticos os mais díspares. Com a ausência das condições socioeconômicas descritas pelas formulações clássicas, a estratégia adotada é limitar a categoria à dimensão política. Esse procedimento, porém, não é capaz de descrever atributos exclusivos suficientes para que o populismo seja um fenômeno específico. Ao mesmo tempo, o conceito está tão enraizado que não é viável abandoná-lo. A solução proposta é avaliar em quais características um político se aproxima e se afasta dos casos paradigmáticos do passado. Assim, ele pode ser populista em certos aspectos e não em outros. Com esse procedimento, se chega a uma classificação, em que um líder apresente mais ou menos atributos descritos pelas definições clássicas, eliminando a necessidade de reformulação constante do conceito para adaptá-lo a novas circunstâncias. Também haveria menos espaço a que o rótulo de populista continuasse servindo para desqualificar políticos latino-americanos. O artigo aborda definições clássicas e recentes aplicadas à América Latina e avalia a viabilidade empírica da estratégia de se concentrar na dimensão política.---LA APLICACIÓN DEL CONCEPTO DE POPULISMO AMÉRICA LATINA: la necesidad de clasificar, y no descalificar Desde que autores como Germani (1962), Di Tella (1969) y Ianni (1975) aplicaron la noción de populismo a la América Latina, mucho se ha escrito sobre el tema. El concepto se ha estirado tanto que ha definido políticos muy dispares. Con la ausencia de las condiciones socioeconómicas descritas por las formulaciones clásicas, la estrategia adoptada es concentrarse en la dimensión política. Ese procedimiento, sin embargo, no es capaz de describir atributos exclusivos suficientes para que el populismo sea un fenómeno específico. Al mismo tiempo, el concepto está tan enraizado que no es viable abandonarlo. La solución propuesta es evaluar en cuales características un político se acerca y se aleja de los casos paradigmáticos del pasado. Así, ello puede ser populista en ciertos aspectos y no en otros. Con ese procedimiento, se llega a una clasificación, en que un líder presente más o menos atributos descritos por las definiciones clásicas, eliminando la necesidad de reformulación constante del concepto. También habría menos espacio a que el rótulo de populista continuase sirviendo para descalificar políticos latinoamericanos. El artículo presenta definiciones clásicas y recientes aplicadas a la América Latina y discute la viabilidad empírica de la estrategia de concentrarse en la dimensión política.Palabras-clave: populismo; América Latina; casos paradigmáticos; clasificación.---THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF POPULISM IN LATIN AMERICA: the need to classify and not disqualifyEver since authors such as Germani (1962), Di Tella (1969) and Ianni (1975) applied the notion of populism in Latin America, much has been written on the subject. The concept stretched out so much that it has served to define the most dissimilar politicians. In the absence of socioeconomic conditions described by classical formulations, the strategy adopted is to restrict the category to the political dimension. Such a procedure, however, is not capable of describing adequate particular attributes that populism would be a specific phenomenon. At the same time, the concept is so deeply embedded in our society that it is not feasible to abandon it. The proposed solution is to evaluate in which characteristics a politician reaches and moves away from the paradigmatic cases of the past. Thus, it can be populist in some respects and not in others. In such a procedure, we arrive at a classification in which a leader shows more or less attributes described by classical definitions, eliminating the need for constant reformulation of the concept to adapt it to new circumstances. Also, there would be less space to which the label of populist would continue to serve to disqualify Latin American politicians. The article discusses recent and classic settings applied to Latin America and assesses the empirical viability of focusing on the political dimension strategy.Key words: populism; Latin America; paradigmatic cases; classification.


1974 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 5-7

During the past forty years the dominant preoccupation of scholars writing on Livy has been the relationship between the historian and the emperor Augustus, and its effects on the Ab Urbe Condita. Tacitus’ testimony that the two were on friendly terms, and Suetonius’ revelation that Livy found time to encourage the historical studies of the future emperor Claudius, appeared to have ominous overtones to scholars writing against the political backcloth of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Though the subject had not been wholly ignored previously, the success of the German cultural propaganda-machine stimulated a spate of approving or critical treatments. While some were hailing Livy as the historian whose work signalled and glorified the new order, others following a similar interpretation were markedly scathing.


1975 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kennedy

Yet another survey of the much-traversed field of Anglo-German relations will seem to many historians of modern Europe to border on the realm of superfluity; probably no two countries have had their relationship to each other so frequently examined in the past century as Britain and Germany. Moreover, even if one restricted such a study to the British side alone, the sheer number of publications upon this topic, or upon only a section of it like the age of ‘appeasement’, is simply too great to allow a compression of existing knowledge into a narrative form that would be anything other than crude and sketchy. The following contribution therefore seeks neither to provide such a general survey, nor, by use of new and detailed archival materials, to concentrate upon a small segment of the history of British policy towards Germany in the period 1864–1939; but instead to consider throughout all these years a particular aspect, namely, the respective arguments of Germanophiles and Germanophobes in Britain and the connection between this dialogue and the more general ideological standpoints of both sides. In so doing, the author has produced a survey which remains embarrassingly summary in detail but does at least attempt to offer a fresh approach to the subject.


Legal Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife O'Donoghue

In the pantheon of approaches open to participants in the pacific settlement of disputes, good offices holds a noteworthy place. The evolution of good offices over the past century is concurrent with a trend of considerable transformation within international law, including – amongst other changes – a move away from a state-led legal order, including in good offices following the emergence of the heads of international organisations as its prime users, and a process of legalisation and specialisation within the subject that has entirely altered its character. These changes have led to a redefinition of good offices that stresses the actor carrying out the role above the form that it takes. To accompany these changes in practice, there is a need for a transformation in the legal analysis and definition of good offices. One potential option in achieving this end is Bell'slex pacificatoria. If good offices is to continue to play a significant role in the settlement of violent conflicts, a fully developed legal analysis is necessary to grasp both its historical development and its potential future role.


Tekstualia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (41) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Edward Kasperski

The article focuses on the debate on the conception of the author over the past century that has resulted in a series of attempts to undermine the position of the author and even remove this category from theoretical considerations (the idea of the death of the author). It points to a schizophrenic gap between critical theory and reading practice in which the author remains indispensable for interpretation. The theories that aim to exclude the author are based on certain paradoxes, such as regressus as infi - tivum when a text is treated as a combination of quotes or creatio ex nihilo when the author is completely erased. The second part of the article offers an analysis of Witkacy’s Gyuabal Wahazar with a view to showing the ways in which the authorial subject is constituted and bound to the author’s existence. It emphasizes the concomitant indispensability and indeterminacy of the subject.


Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Zera Asanova

The subject of this article is the examination theoretical approaches towards studying adjective as a part of speech, since the description of this lexical and grammatical group in the Crimean Tatar linguistics is incomplete. The aim goal consists in tracing the origins of theoretical comprehension of adjective as an independent part of speech. This linguistic research is based on the descriptive method. Methodological framework is comprised of the fundamental writing of prominent scholars: O. Jespersen, A. Potebnja, V. V. Vinogradov, A. M. Shcherbak, D. N. Shmelyov, and others. As a result, it was determined that the the word is attributed to a particular part of speech is in accordance with the scripted rules introduced by the linguists in the past. Languages and methods of their research have undergone significant changes. Accentuation of adjective among the parts of speech was related to the logical separation of the characteristic of thing from itself, on the level of understanding self-sufficiency of the characteristic as an empirical phenomenon, and the existence of special adjective words as names of quality. The acquired results and materials can be applied in basic and specialized educational courses on theoretical and practical grammar of the modern Crimean Tatar language in the section of “Morphology”.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasta Jalušič

Reinhard Koselleck has long been regarded as a particularly eminent theorist of socio-political concepts, while Hannah Arendt had not been in focus as a conceptual author until recent times. This article explores the common thinking space between Arendt and Koselleck through their thesis about the gap, rupture, crisis, or break in the tradition of political thinking and historical periods and how this is linked to their notion of conceptuality, i.e. Begreifen (understanding). Despite the impression that each of them focused on the one main break between the past and the future, Arendt and Koselleck both studied multiple breaks and crises in the Western political tradition. The article attempts to show how their distinctive thinking and rethinking of political concepts (Begreifen) are related to these breaks through several direct and indirect encounters and how these are both close and apart at the same time. While they have different concepts of politics and the political, their understanding of the breaks in time and crises can be read as complementary, especially considering their concern with returning the responsibility for actions and concepts to the human sphere.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Priju Varghese

Marriage is a topic that has been dealt by Hollywood since the beginning of motion pictures. Even though the subject of marriage seems to be banal, there is a wide diversity in how people lead their married lives. Factors such as culture, religion, education, and history have major influences on the perception and definition of marriage. Hollywood, which has always been deft to notice the evolution in marriage, has accurately portrayed them through the use of movies. Through this paper, the researcher intends to chart the development in the concept of marriage through cinema over the past century.


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