Retrospective analysis of cerebral neurological complications against background of seasonal respiratory viral infections and new coronavirus infection Covid‑19

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
M. A. Privalova ◽  
M. G. Sokolova ◽  
M. Yu. Kabanov ◽  
O. N. Zueva ◽  
I. A. Bоzhkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Seasonal Epidemics ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Based on the example of seasonal epidemics of respiratory viral infections, it is partially possible to model the outcomes of neurological complications from Covid‑19, taking into account the pathogenetic features of the virus effect on the vascular wall and nerve cells. The accumulated experience of doctors of various specialties makes it possible to prevent such life-threatening complications as ACVA, PATE, intoxication, and sepsis. From the first days of the disease, it is necessary to conduct dynamic monitoring of blood rheology, the level of systemic oxygenation, use anticoagulants in preventive doses in patients at the early stages of the disease, conduct therapy aimed at reducing the risk of cytokine storm development.

Organisation of Medical Care for Pregnant Women, Women in Labor and New Mothers with COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Vladimir Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Although pregnancy is a physiological condition, this category of women has a high probability of severe acute respiratory viral infections, and a fairly high affinity to these diseases, due to physiological changes in the immune system. In 2009/2010, during the A(H1N1)09 virus that caused pig flu, the morbidity among pregnant women reached 27.9%. In addition, such viruses as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are known to contribute to severe complications in pregnancy and lead to the need for endotracheal intubation and hospitalisation of women to the intensive care unit, and in some cases, diseases caused by these viruses can cause kidney failure and even death, which reaches 25% when SARS-CoV is detected among pregnant women. At the present stage, there is insufficient information on the new coronavirus infection impact on pregnant women and newborns, and there are no reliable recommendations as to the management of pregnant women when COVID-19 is diagnosed. In this article, we will try to summarise information on managing such patients based on the cases when coronavirus was diagnosed in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium in prevention, therapy and rehabilitation of patients with respiratory diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Trukhan ◽  
◽  
Natalya V. Bagisheva ◽  
Anna V. Mordyk ◽  
Ekaterina Yu. Nebesnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Prevention Therapy ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The modern approach to the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections consists in the use of drugs that increase the body’s defenses, helping to create a barrier to the penetration of the virus. Immunomodulators exhibit a nonspecific effect in acute respiratory viral infections, which makes it possible to use them against various types of respiratory viruses without accurate laboratory diagnostics and expands clinical capabilities. In the first part of the review, the features of sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione and the experience of its use in respiratory pathology are considered. The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), spread by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become a challenge to health systems around the world. The second part of the review reviews the results of the first studies on the use of sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione for the prevention and treatment of new coronavirus infection. Recently, much attention has been paid to the long-term consequences of the postponed coronavirus infection. In the final part of the review, various aspects of the “post-COVID syndrome” are discussed and the possibilities of aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium at the stage of rehabilitation after a coronavirus infection are discussed.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of acute respiratory viral infections prevention in patients with chronic heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Budnevsky ◽  
A D Shurupova ◽  
A Ya Kravchenko ◽  
R E Tokmachev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Interferon Inducer ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ARVI prevention effectiveness in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) using interferon inducer amixin. Materials and methods. Conducted a comprehensive survey, dynamic monitoring and treatment of 60 patients aged from 49 to 70 years (mean age 60.25±4.57 years, 17 men and 43 women) with CHF with preserved ejection fraction of left ventricle (LVEF) (≥50%), II-III functional class (FC) according to the classification of new York Heart Association (NYHA), which developed as a result of coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertensive disease (HD). Of these, 30 patients (group 1) on the background of standard therapy for CHF received for the prevention of ARVI tiloron (Amixin) at a dose of 125 mg once a week for 6 weeks, two courses for 1 year. Group 2 patients received only standard therapy for CHF. Results. A decrease in the frequency of ARVI in patients with CHF treated with Amixin was found, which was accompanied by a decrease in the severity of subclinical inflammation by reducing the production of proinflammatory (IL-1β) and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, reducing neurohumoral activation (reducing levels of aldosterone and Nt-proBNP), increasing the level of α- and γ-interferon. The positive dynamics of biomarkers of systemic inflammation and neurohormonal activation explains the improvement of the clinical course in patients with CHF (increase of tolerance to physical loads, reducing the number of visits to General practitioner and hospital admissions in the hospital during 12 months of observation). Conclusion. A promising approach to the prevention of SARS in patients with CHF is course therapy with Amixin (2 times a year before the seasonal rising in the incidence of respiratory viral infections and influenza), which allows to achieve both decreasing in the frequency of SARS per year, and improvement the clinical course of CHF.

scholarly journals Associative influence of new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy on formation of neurological disorders in newborns: clinical case

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
T. P. Shevlyukova ◽  
Zh. K. Zhusupova ◽  
E. N. Solovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Acute Inflammatory Response ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
Neuroimmune Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a destructive impact on the population all over the world. In this scenario, the extent, to which the disease will affect more vulnerable individuals, such as pregnant women, is a major concern. Since pregnancy can be a risk factor for respiratory viral infections, there are significant differences regarding the severity of COVID-19 between pregnant and non-pregnant women. In these circumstances, there arises a serious problem associated with the possibility of harm to the health and neuropsychiatric development of the posterity of infected mothers. The acute inflammatory response observed during the disease can lead to several types of nervous system disorders in the newborn. In the light of neuroimmune interactions on the mother-fetus hematoplacental relationship, a clinical case is described that reflects the consequences for the nervous and psychoneurological development of the newborn from SARS-CoV-2 infected mother.

Respiratory viral infections including caused by coronaviruses in oncological and oncohematological patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Alena V. Kuleshova ◽  
Inna P. Iskova ◽  
Ekaterina E. Kiseleva ◽  
Vitaliy N. Chebotkevich
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Hematological Cancer ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Russian Research

BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer are prone to developing infectious complications. They significantly aggravate the course of the underlying disease and worsen the quality of life of patients. The emergence of infections is largely promoted by immunosuppression associated with the use of cytostatic drugs, high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in hematological cancer patients. Among infectious agents, respiratory viruses, especially influenza viruses, play an important role. The urgency of this problem has increased many times in connection with the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. AIM: To study the features of the course of respiratory infections, including coronavirus (seasonal and COVID-19), infections in cancer and oncohematological patients during hospitalization and in outpatient settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study of the frequency and course of infectious complications in cohorts of patients with oncological diseases, who were under dispensary supervision in the polyclinic in Kirovsk, Leningrad region. Retrospective analysis of the frequency and characteristics of the course of coronavirus infection caused by HCoVs (OC43, 229E, NL63, HKU1) in patients treated at the clinics of the Russian research institute of Hematology and Transfusionology. Prospective study of the coronavirus COVID-19 of patients hospitalized at the Russian research institute of Hematology and Transfusionology and at the Kirov interdistrict hospital in Leningrad Region during the period of its conversion to specialized infection diseases hospital. RESULTS: Coronavirus infection caused by HCoVs (OC43, 229E, NL63, HKU1), occurs in hematological cancer patients more often in association with other respiratory viruses. In the cases of detection of the SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients, they need to be transferred to specialized infectious hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory viral infections are risk factors in cancer and oncohematological patients. Outpatient oncological and oncohematological patients require constant dispensary observation and special attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, outbreaks of influenza and other viral infections.

Coronavirus infection in the practice of a general practitioner

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
O. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

The article presents analysis of current information about the etiology, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus 2019-nCoV. It has been shown that all animal species serve as the biological reservoirs for coronavirus. Historical moments in the study of coronavirus infection, methods of protection against viruses are considered. The most common clinical manifestation of a new variant of coronavirus infection is pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome has developed in a significant number of patients. The article is devoted to methods of protection and prevention of respiratory viral infections. The tactics for the general practitioner dealing with this pathology are indicated on the basis of global and Russian recommendations.

scholarly journals ISG15 drives immune pathology and respiratory failure during viral infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namir Shaabani ◽  
Jaroslav Zak ◽  
Jennifer L. Johnson ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Nhan Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Persistent Viral Infection ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
Extracellular Release ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Immune Pathology ◽  
Neutrophil Differentiation

AbstractCytokine storm during respiratory viral infection is an indicator of disease severity and poor prognosis. Type 1 interferon (IFN-I) production and signaling has been reported to be causal in cytokine storm-associated pathology in several respiratory viral infections, however, the mechanisms by which IFN-I promotes disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, using Usp18-deficient, USP18 enzymatic-inactive and Isg15-deficient mouse models, we report that lack of deISGylation during persistent viral infection leads to severe immune pathology characterized by hematological disruptions, cytokine amplification, lung vascular leakage and death. This pathology requires T cells but not T cell-intrinsic deletion of Usp18. However, lack of Usp18 in myeloid cells mimicked the pathological manifestations observed in Usp18-/- or Usp18C61A mice which were dependent on Isg15. We further mechanistically demonstrate that interrupting the ISGylation/deISGylation circuit increases extracellular levels of ISG15 which is accompanied by inflammatory neutrophil accumulation to the lung. Importantly, neutrophil depletion reversed morbidity and mortality in Usp18C61A mice. In summary, we reveal that the enzymatic function of Usp18 is crucial for regulating extracellular release of ISG15. This is accompanied by altered neutrophil differentiation, cytokine amplification and mortality following persistent viral infection. Moreover, our results suggest that extracellular ISG15 may drive the inflammatory pathology observed and could be both a prospective predictor of disease outcome and a therapeutic target during severe respiratory viral infections.

scholarly journals Seizures Related to Influenza in Pediatric Patients: A Comparison with Seizures Associated with Other Respiratory Viral Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3088
Author(s):  
Ji Yoon Han ◽  
Seung Beom Han
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Although febrile seizures are the most common neurological complications of influenza, there are few studies comparing seizure characteristics and outcomes between patients with influenza and those with other respiratory virus (RV) infections. Medical records of pediatric patients presenting with seizures accompanied by fever, in whom RV infections were identified, were retrospectively reviewed to compare the characteristics and outcomes of seizures with fever due to influenza (n = 97) to those due to other RV infections (n = 113). Patients with influenza were older than those with other RV infections (p < 0.001), and 22.7% of them were aged ≥5 years. Seizure characteristics of complex febrile seizures were observed more frequently in patients with other RV infections than in those with influenza; however, the frequency of epilepsy was comparable between the two groups. For patients with influenza, children aged <5 years and those aged ≥5 years showed similar seizure characteristics and outcomes. Further neurological evaluations should not be based solely on patient age in children with influenza who experience late-onset seizures at ≥5 years of age. Long-term sequelae should be further investigated in these patients.

The association of respiratory viruses with oxidative stress and antioxidants. Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Darenskaya ◽  
Liubov Kolesnikova ◽  
Sergei Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Influenza Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

: The spread of a new strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic poses serious health problem for all humanity. In comparison with the previous outbreaks of coronavirus infection in 2002 and 2012, COVID-19 infection has high rates of lethality, contagiousness and comorbidity. The effective methods of prevention and treatment are extremely limited. Oxidative stress is actively involved in the mechanisms of initiation and maintenance of violations of homeostatic reactions in respiratory viral infections. It is important to stop systemic inflammation aimed at "extinguishing" the cytokine "storm", caused by the production of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant defense medications such as vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, quercetin, glutathione, astaxanthin, polyphenols, fat-soluble vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have proven well in experimental and clinical studies of influenza, pneumonia, and other respiratory disorders. The use of medications with antioxidant activity could be justified and most probably would increase the effectiveness of the fight against new coronavirus.

scholarly journals Course of intrahospital coronavirus infection (COVID-19) against the background of preventive and curative administration of peptide immunotropic drugs as part of complex therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Petlenko ◽  
Vyacheslav S. Smirnov ◽  
Victor V. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Due to the lack of COVID-19 specific preventive measures with a prophylactic and therapeutic (as part of complex therapy) purpose, various drugs were used as humanitarian aid from manufacturing companies to prevent influenza and SARS in St. Petersburg hospitals. The study of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R.R. Vreden patient treatment shows the possibility of using drugs containing a synthetic regulatory thymus peptide (L-glutamine-L-tryptophan-thymogen) as an active ingredient in a patient with an in-hospital coronavirus infection. This compound has a number of extra- and intracellular immunotropic effects of key importance in the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections, including coronavirus etiology. The components have an indirect antiviral effect against acute respiratory viral infections, comprising COVID-19. This led to the use of drugs containing thymogen for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The use of immunotropic agents promoted the rapid involution in the patient of clinical, laboratory and instrumental (radiological) signs of the disease and its uncomplicated course both in the primary infection and the development of superinfection cases. The study has shown that the use for the prevention and treatment (as part of complex therapy) of drugs with immunomodulatory activity, as well as those capable of affecting various links in the pathogenesis of pulmonary lesions in coronavirus infection, seems to be highly relevant and justified.

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