IN VITRO SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OBTAINED FROM FICUS LYRATA WARB. (MORACEAE) LEAVES

In the current investigation, screening of ethanolic extract obtained from Ficus lyrata leaves against pathogenic bacteria has been done in order to assess the antimicrobial activity aimed at detecting new sources of antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined using agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract of F. lyrata was tested against human pathogenic bacteria — both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). The results of this study provide evidence that the ethanolic extract of F. lyrata leaves has a mild antimicrobial activities, apparently, attributed to the presence of various secondary metabolites, which confirm the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of diseases caused by pathogens. These data allow us to suggest that the extracts of F. lyrata can be used to discover antibacterial substances for developing new pharmaceuticals to control clinically important pathogens responsible for severe disorders.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Myrtus communis L., Cinnamomum verum and Eugenia caryophyllata Alcoholic Mixtures

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401315666190103111000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 207-212

Author(s):

Wissam Zam ◽

Ali Ali ◽

Walaa Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Myrtus Communis ◽

Myrtus Communis L ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Alcoholic Mixtures

Background and Objective: With the significant increase in the prevalence of infectious diseases and the development of drug resistance by human pathogenic bacteria, there is a continuous need to discover new antimicrobial compounds from plants. Methods: Four extracts of wild Myrtus communis L. berries (myrtle berries) were prepared with the addition of Cinnamomum verum and Eugenia caryophyllata. The extracts were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activities using agar-well diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis cultures. Results: The inhibition zones ranged from 12 to 22 mm. The MICs values of extracts lies between the ranges of 30 to 100 mg/ml. Of the extracts studied, the most active ones were those obtained from the myrtle berries:cloves, myrtle berries:cinnamon:cloves with the highest inhibition zones 22 mm and 17mm against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes at 50 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml, respectively. None of the extracts was active against E. coli and P. mirabilis. Conclusion: The present investigations have exposed that the myrtle berries:cloves, myrtle berries: cinnamon:cloves extracts could be used in traditional medicine as natural antimicrobial agents in treatment the bacterial infections.

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SUCCESSIVE SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK AND SOLANUM SEAFORTHIANUM AGAINST SOME HUMAN PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i6.32706 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 294-296

Author(s):

HOSUR NARAYANAPPA VENKATESH ◽

DEVIHALLI CHIKKAIAH MOHANA

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Albizia Lebbeck ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

Broth Dilution

Objective: The continuous emergence of multidrug resistance bacteria and yeast, and the negative impact of synthetic preservatives have led to an increased interest in the use of plant extracts as alternative antimicrobial agents. In the present investigation, the antimicrobial activity of successive solvent extracts of Albizia lebbeck and Solanum seaforthianum has been evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria and yeast. Methods: The disc diffusion method was employed for determination of the zone of inhibitions (ZOIs) and twofold broth dilution technique was employed for determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations, and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations. Results: Among the successive solvent extracts tested, methanol extracts of both A. lebbeck and S. seaforthianum showed highest antibacterial activity with ZOIs ranged between 10.0 and 20.4 mm at 1 mg/disc followed by ethanol (ZOIs 8.1–17.6 mm). The petroleum ether, toluene, and chloroform extracts showed the least activity. The highest activity was observed against Streptococcus faecalis, whereas the least activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of A. lebbeck and S. seaforthianum could be explored as antimicrobial agents for the management of pathogenic bacteria and yeast.

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Biological Evaluation of Synthesized Naringenin Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352518999200729111045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Yogesh Murti

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Phenyl Ring ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Phenyl Rings ◽

Grinding Technique

Abstract: Flavonoids are among the most abundant plant secondary metabolites and have been shown to have natural abilities as microbial deterrents and anti-infection agents in plants. Naringenin as one of the flavonoids and its derivatives have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate synthesized novel naringenin derivatives (ND-1 to ND-12) substituted at 3-position with bulky substituent by using the grinding technique (Claisen-Schmidt reaction) as antimicrobial agents. Synthesized naringenin derivatives were evaluated for in-vitro antimicrobial activity by "Agar disc diffusion method". Novel naringenin derivatives showed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity with respect to standard drugs against two gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria and two fungal strains. The substitution of naringenin derivatives at position 3 with substituted phenyl rings showed variation in activity as chloro, nitro and hydroxyl-substituted phenyl ring showed potent activity while methoxy substituted phenyl ring impede the activity. In conclusion, on the basis of the above findings, the substituted naringenin scaffolds may be selected as a skeleton for the development of flavonoid structurally-related compounds having antimicrobial activity

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Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant potentiality and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of Rosenvingea sp. of Bay of Bengal

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ◽

10.3329/jbas.v45i1.54260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 59-71

Author(s):

Md Abdul Alim ◽

Md Farzanoor Rahman ◽

Tamim Ahsan ◽

Toufiqul Islam ◽

Md Morshedul Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bay Of Bengal ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Agar Disc

The objective of the present study was to explore the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea sp. found in the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh. Seven phytochemicals were tested from the ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea, where four phytochemicals, namely steroid, glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins were present. However, ethanol extract exhibited low antioxidant activity compared to standard ascorbic acid as measured by DPPH-Free radical scavenging assay. In Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, 50% ethanolic extract showed an LC50 value of 10.88 mg/mL, whereas positive control (K2Cr2O7) showed LC50 59.97 µg/mL suggesting the less toxic property of the ethanolic extract. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea sp. was investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria species (Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Klebsiella) by agar disc diffusion method. The highest antibacterial activity was noticed against Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus hominis with a zone of inhibition of 5.00±1.00 mm, 3.66±0.57 mm, and 3.33±0.57 mm, respectively. This is the first study on Rosenvingea sp. from the Bay of Bengal, reporting its phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potentiality. However, more study is required to elucidate its commercial viability in the food and medicine industries. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 59-71: June 2021

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Activity of Kefir grains against Gardnerella vaginalis

Bacterial Empire ◽

10.36547/be.2020.3.4.69-73 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 69-73

Author(s):

Salwa Afifi ◽

Amany El-Sharif ◽

Zeinab Helal ◽

Eman El-Musallamy

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Animal Trials ◽

Agar Diffusion Method ◽

Kefir Grains

Kefir is a probiotic mixture of bacteria and yeasts. In vitro and animal trials have shown kefir to have antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. The main goal of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gardnerella vaginalis (G.vaginalis) to kefir. Antimicrobial agents, which were commonly used to treat bacterial vaginosis, and kefir were both tested for antimicrobial activities against G.vaginalis using an agar diffusion method. Kefir was able to inhibit the growth of G.vaginalis. Kefir found to have antimicrobial activity similar to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, erythromycin and gentamicin against G.vaginalis isolates. Kefir produced zone of inhibition sizes higher than the zones produced by ciprofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole /trimethoprim and tetracycline. Special attention must be paid to kefir as its activity against G. vaginalis recommends that it deserves assessment in the treatment of infections involving G. vaginalis.

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Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v11i.8693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽

Toshka Petrova ◽

Ignat Ignatov ◽

Stoil Karadzhov

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

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Synthesis of Novel 3(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl Substituted Thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidinones as H1-Anti-Histaminic and Antimicrobial Agents

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407214666180226130957 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

Shiv Dev Singh ◽

Arvind Kumar ◽

Firoz Babar ◽

Neetu Sachan ◽

Arun Kumar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Pyrimidine Ring ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽

In Vivo Screening

Background: Thienopyrimidines are the bioisoster of quinazoline and unlike quinazoline exist in three isomeric forms corresponding to the three possible types annulation of thiophene to the pyrimidine ring viz thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine, thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidine and thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine. Heterocyclic containing the thienopyrimidinone moiety exhibits various pronounced activities such as anti-hypertensive, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antiviral, platelet aggregation inhibitory, antiprotozoal bronchodilatory, phosphodiesterase inhibitory, antihistaminic, antipsychotic and antimicrobial activity. Objective: Synthesis of novel 3(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinones as H1-anti-histaminic and antimicrobial agents. Methods: A series of 3-[(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl]-2-(1H)thioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo(b) thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine-4(3H)-ones[4a-d], their oxo analogous [5a-d] and 3-[(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl]- 2-chlorophenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine- 4 (3H)-ones[6a-d]derivative were synthesized from 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid by nucleophilic substitution of different N,N-dialkyl alkylene/phenylene diamines on activated 3-acylchloride moiety followed by cyclocondensation with carbon disulfide and ethanolic potassium hydroxide to get [4a-d] and in second reaction by condensation with 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride to get [6a-d] by single pot novel innovative route. The oxo analogous [5a-d] were prepared by treating derivatives [4a-d] with potassium permagnate in ethanolic KOH. The synthesized compound were evaluated for H1-antihistaminic and antimicrobial activities. Results: All synthesized compounds exhibited significant H1-antihistaminic activity by in vitro and in vivo screening methods and data were verified analytically and statistically. The compound 4a, 4b, 5a and 5b showed significant H1-antihistaminiic activity than the reference standard chlorpheniramine maleate. The compound 6d, 6c, 5c and 4c exhibited significant antimicrobial activity.

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An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13194383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 4383

Author(s):

Barbara Lapinska ◽

Aleksandra Szram ◽

Beata Zarzycka ◽

Janina Grzegorczyk ◽

Louis Hardan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Oral Pathogens

Modifying the composition of dental restorative materials with antimicrobial agents might induce their antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria, e.g., S.mutans and L.acidophilus, as well as antifungal effect on C.albicans that are major oral pathogens. Essential oils (EOs) are widely known for antimicrobial activity and are successfully used in dental industry. The study aimed at evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activity of EOs and composite resin material (CR) modified with EO against oral pathogens. Ten EOs (i.e., anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary thyme) were tested using agar diffusion method. Cinnamon and thyme EOs showed significantly highest antibacterial activity against S.mutans and L.acidophilus among all tested EOs. Anise and limette EOs showed no antibacterial activity against S.mutans. All tested EOs exhibited antifungal activity against C.albicans, whereas cinnamon EO showed significantly highest and limette EO significantly lowest activity. Next, 1, 2 or 5 µL of cinnamon EO was introduced into 2 g of CR and microbiologically tested. The modified CR showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to unmodified one. CR containing 2 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against S.mutans and C.albicans, while CR modified with 1 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against L.acidophilus.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Cassia auriculata linn

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9600 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 513-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V Subhadradevi ◽

K Asokkumar ◽

M Umamaheswari ◽

AT Sivashanmugam ◽

JR Ushanandhini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Cassia Auriculata ◽

Potential Source ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ancient Times

Since ancient times plant as sources of medicinal compounds have continued to play a dominant role in the maintenance of human health. To treat chronic and infectious diseases plants used in traditional medicine contain a wide range of ingredients. In this regard, Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine as a tonic, astringent and as a remedy for diabetes, conjunctivitis, ulcers, leprosy, skin and liver diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata leaves and flowers (CALE & CAFE). CALE and CAFE exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and exhibited no antifungal activity against standard strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was carried out for CALE and CAFE. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the CALE and CAFE can be a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents. Key words: Cassia auriculata; Antimicrobial activity; Agar well diffusion method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9600 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 513-518

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SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF AMINO ACETYLENIC AND THIOCARBAMATES DERIVATIVES FOR 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.15760 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Aseel Alsarahni ◽

Zuhair Muhi Eldeen ◽

Elham Al-kaissi ◽

Ibrahim Al- Adham ◽

Najah Al-muhtaseb

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Elemental Analysis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Benzothiazole Derivatives ◽

H Nmr ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Potential Antimicrobial Activity ◽

C Nmr

Objective: To design and synthesize amino acetylenic and thiocarbonate of 2-mercapto-1,3-benthiazoles as potential antimicrobial agents.Methods: A new series of 2-{[4-(t-amino-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl] sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives (AZ1-AZ6), and S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-alkyl carbonothioate derivatives were synthesised, with the aim that the target compounds show new and potential antimicrobial activity. The elemental analysis was indicated by the EuroEA elemental analyzer, and biological characterization was via IR, 1H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, DSC were determined with the aid of Bruker FT-IR and Varian 300 MHz spectrometer using DMSO-d6 as a solvent. In vitro antimicrobial activity, evaluation was done for the synthesised compounds, by agar diffusion method and broth dilution test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Results: The IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DSC and elemental analysis were consistent with the assigned structures. Compound of 2-{[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl] sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole (AZ1), 2-{[4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole (AZ2), 2-{[4-(piperidin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]sulfanyl}-1, 3-benzothiazole (AZ6), S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-ethyl carbonothioate (AZ7), and S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-(2-methylpropyl) carbonothioate (AZ9) showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), AZ-9 demonstrated the highest antifungal activity against Candida albicans (C. albicans), with MIC of 31.25 µg/ml.Conclusion: These promising results promoted our interest to investigate other structural analogues for their antimicrobial activity further.

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