Fixed-bed Column Study for Adsorption of Cadmium on Oil Palm

The spread of heavy metal pollution in the environment can lead to the contamination of crops and water for consumption. An approach to control the spread of groundwater pollution is by using a permeable reactive barrier with granular activated carbon. In this study, the adsorption of Cd(II) ions was conducted in a continuous flow fixed-bed column by using oil palm shell-derived activated carbon. The activated carbon column performance was evaluated by manipulating the activated carbon bed height, cadmium solution flow rate and influent concentration. The increase in bed height increased the amount of adsorbent used, thus increasing the total removal of Cd(II) and prolonged the lifespan of the activated carbon column. However, the increase in flow rate and influent concentration resulted in the shortened lifespan of the column. The column system with a bed height of 5.5 cm, flow rate of 2.0 mL/min and 200 mg/L influent concentration showed the best Cd(II) uptake performance in this study. The column performance were best fitted to the Thomas model and Yoon-Nelson model for the longest bed depth of 5.5 cm, all flow rates studied and highest influent concentration of 200 mg/L, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.95.

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Sorption of Ag+ and Cu2+ by Vermiculite in a Fixed-Bed Column: Design, Process Optimization and Dynamics Investigations

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8112221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2221 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Olga Długosz ◽

Marcin Banach

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Continuous Process ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Copper Ion ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Breakthrough Curves ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Column System ◽

Total Percentage ◽

Bed Height

Vermiculite has been used for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed column system. The effects of initial silver and copper ion concentrations, flow rate, and bed height of the adsorbent in a fixed-bed column system were investigated. Statistical analysis confirmed that breakthrough curves depended on all three factors. The highest inlet metal cation concentration (5000 mg/dm3), the lowest bed height (3 cm) and the lowest flow rate (2 and 3 cm3/min for Ag + and Cu 2 + , respectively) were optimal for the adsorption process. The maximum total percentage of metal ions removed was 60.4% and 68.7% for Ag+ and Cu2+, respectively. Adsorption data were fitted with four fixed-bed adsorption models, namely Clark, Bohart–Adams, Yoon–Nelson and Thomas models, to predict breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic column parameters. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, FTIR, EDS and BET techniques. The results showed that vermiculite could be applied as a cost-effective sorbent for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from wastewater in a continuous process.

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Cu adsorption in fixed bed column with three different influent concentration

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201912003003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 03003

Author(s):

Huang-Mu Lo ◽

Kae-Long Lin ◽

Min-Hsin Liu ◽

Hsung-Ying Chiu ◽

Fang-Cheng Lo

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Thomas Model ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Nelson Model ◽

Influent Concentration ◽

Carbon Adsorption ◽

Metals Removal

Heavy metals from the electroplating wastewater might cause environmental pollution if not well treated. Generally, carbon adsorption might be used for the final step for further trace metals removal. This study investigated the heavy metal Cu adsorption in the fixed bed column with 1, 10 and 100 mg/L influent concentration. Results showed that KAB decreased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L while N0 increased as influent concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L as can be found in Adams-Bohart model. R2 was found between 0.8579 and 0.9182. In Thomas model. KTH and q0 showed the similar trend as KAB and N0 in the Adams-Bohart model. KTH decreased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L. q0 increased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L. R2 of regression model was found between 0.9065 and 0.9836. In Yoon-Nelson model. KYN increased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L while τ decreased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L. Results showed that the three models of Adams-Bohart model, Thmoas model and The Yoon-Nelson model were suitable for the description of Cu adsorption by activated carbon.

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Study of a fixed-bed column in the adsorption of an azo dye from an aqueous medium using a chitosan–glutaraldehyde biosorbent

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1177/0263617416688021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (1-2) ◽

pp. 215-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jaime López-Cervantes ◽

Dalia I Sánchez-Machado ◽

Reyna G Sánchez-Duarte ◽

Ma A Correa-Murrieta

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Service Time ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Time Model ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Bed Height ◽

Direct Blue ◽

Direct Blue 71 ◽

Bed Depth Service Time

A continuous adsorption study in a fixed-bed column was carried out using a chitosan–glutaraldehyde biosorbent for the removal of the textile dye Direct Blue 71 from an aqueous solution. The biosorbent was prepared from shrimp shells and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effects of chitosan–glutaraldehyde bed height (3–12 cm), inlet Direct Blue 71 concentration (15–50 mg l−1), and feed flow rate (1–3 ml min−1) on the column performance were analyzed. The highest bed capacity of 343.59 mg Direct Blue 71 per gram of chitosan–glutaraldehyde adsorbent was obtained using 1 ml min−1 flow rate, 50 mg l−1 inlet Direct Blue 71 concentration, and 3 cm bed height. The breakthrough curve was analyzed using the Adams–Bohart, Thomas, and bed depth service time mathematical models. The behaviors of the breakthrough curves were defined by the Thomas model at different conditions. The bed depth service time model showed good agreement with the experimental data, and the high values of correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9646) obtained indicate the validity of the bed depth service time model for the present column system.

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FIXED-BED ADSORPTION OF AQUEOUS VANILLIN ONTO RESIN H103

IIUM Engineering Journal ◽

10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.804 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 94-104

Author(s):

Rozaimi Abu Samah

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Feed Flow Rate ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Bed Height ◽

Fixed Bed Adsorption

The main objective of this work was to design and model fixed bed adsorption column for the adsorption of vanillin from aqueous solution. Three parameters were evaluated for identifying the performance of vanillin adsorption in fixed-bed mode, which were bed height, vanillin initial concentration, and feed flow rate. The maximum adsorption capacity was increased more than threefold to 314.96 mg vanillin/g resin when the bed height was increased from 5 cm to 15 cm. Bohart-Adams model and Belter equation were used for designing fixed-bed column and predicting the performance of the adsorption process. A high value of determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9672 was obtained for the modelling of vanillin adsorption onto resin H103.

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Separation of hydrophobic organic compound from surfactant solutions with activated carbon in a fixed bed

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.488 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 2294-2300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jianfei Liu ◽

Jiajun Chen ◽

Lin Jiang ◽

Cheng Chen

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Organic Compound ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Breakthrough Time ◽

Bed Height ◽

Surfactant Solutions ◽

Adsorption Data ◽

Triton X ◽

Lower Flow Rate

The adsorption behavior of phenanthrene (PHE) in Triton X-100 (TX100) solutions with fixed activated carbon (AC) bed was studied to recover the surfactant. The effect of various parameters like bed depths, flow rates, influent TX100 concentration, and influent PHE concentration were investigated. The breakthrough time of both TX100 and PHE increased with the increase of bed height and decrease of flow rate and influent concentration. In the case of fixed length, a lower flow rate, higher concentration of TX100, and lower concentration of PHE will benefit the longer effective surfactant recovery time. The adsorption data were integrated into bed depth service time models. The height of exchange zone of TX100 should be much shorter than that of PHE, which provides conditions to separate the hydrophobic organic compound from surfactant solutions with AC in a fixed bed. It is likely that the adsorption process is controlled by hydrophobic interaction.

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Adsorption of Sb(III) from Aqueous Solution by nZVI/AC: A Magnetic Fixed-Bed Column Study

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1912

Author(s):

Huijie Zhu ◽

Qiang Huang ◽

Mingyan Shi ◽

Shuai Fu ◽

Xiuji Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Feed Solution ◽

Breakthrough Curves ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Ph Values ◽

Bed Height ◽

Bed Capacity

The effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) immobilized on activated carbon (nZVI/AC) in removing antimonite (Sb(III)) from simulated contaminated water was investigated with and without a magnetic fix-bed column reactor. The experiments were all conducted in fixed-bed columns. A weak magnetic field (WMF) was proposed to increase the exclusion of paramagnetic Sb(III) ions by nZVI/AC. The Sb(III) adsorption to the nZVI and AC surfaces, as well as the transformation of Sb(III) to Sb(V) by them, were both increased by using a WMF in nZVI/AC. The increased sequestration of Sb(III) by nZVI/AC in the presence of WMF was followed by faster nZVI corrosion and dissolution. Experiments were conducted as a function of the pH of the feed solution (pH 5.0–9.0), liquid flow rate (5–15 mL·min−1), starting Sb(III) concentration (0.5–1.5 mg·L−1), bed height nZVI/AC (10–40 cm), and starting Sb(III) concentration (0.5–1.5 mg·L−1). By analyzing the breakthrough curves generated by different flow rates, different pH values, different inlet Sb(III) concentrations, and different bed heights, the adsorbed amounts, equilibrium nZVI uptakes, and total Sb(III) removal percentage were calculated in relation to effluent volumes. At pH 5.0, the longest nZVI breakthrough time and maximal Sb(III) adsorption were achieved. The findings revealed that the column performed effectively at the lowest flow rate. With increasing bed height, column bed capacity and exhaustion time increased as well. Increasing the Sb(III) initial concentration from 0.5 to 1.5 mg·L−1 resulted in the rise of adsorption bed capacity from 3.45 to 6.33 mg·g−1.

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Batch and Continuous Chromate and Zinc Sorption from Electroplating Effluents Using Biogenic Iron Precipitates

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11040349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Laura Castro ◽

Fabiana Rocha ◽

Jesús Ángel Muñoz ◽

Felisa González ◽

María Luisa Blázquez

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Preferential Flow ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Potentially Toxic Metals ◽

Bed Height ◽

Biogenic Iron ◽

Iron Precipitates ◽

Column Performance

Nanoparticles of iron precipitates produced by a microbial consortium are a suitable adsorbent for metal removal from electroplating industry wastewaters. Biogenic iron precipitates were utilized as adsorbents for chromate and zinc in batch conditions. Furthermore, the iron precipitates were embedded in alginate beads for metal removal in fixed-bed columns, and their performance was evaluated in a continuous system by varying different operational parameters such as flow rate, bed height, and feeding system (down- and up-flows). The influence of different adsorption variables in the saturation time, the amount of adsorbed potentially toxic metals, and the column performance was investigated, and the shape of the breakthrough curves was analyzed. The optimal column performance was achieved by increasing bed height and by decreasing feed flow rate and inlet metal concentration. The up-flow system significantly improved the metal uptake, avoiding the preferential flow channels.

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Continuous fixed bed adsorption of Cu(II) by halloysite nanotube–alginate hybrid beads: an experimental and modelling study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.148 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 192-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yanyan Wang ◽

Xiang Zhang ◽

Qiuru Wang ◽

Bing Zhang ◽

Jindun Liu

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Bed Height ◽

Column Adsorption ◽

Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Desorption

We used natural resources of halloysite nanotubes and alginate to prepare a novel porous adsorption material of organic–inorganic hybrid beads. The adsorption behaviour of Cu(II) onto the hybrid beads was examined by a continuous fixed bed column adsorption experiment. Meanwhile, the factors affecting the adsorption capacity such as bed height, influent concentration and flow rate were investigated. The adsorption capacity (Q0) reached 74.13 mg/g when the initial inlet concentration was 100 mg/L with a bed height of 12 cm and flow rate of 3 ml/min. The Thomas model and bed-depth service time fitted well with the experimental data. In the regeneration experiment, the hybrid beads retained high adsorption capacity after three adsorption–desorption cycles. Over the whole study, the new hybrid beads showed excellent adsorption and regeneration properties as well as favourable stability.

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Batch and fixed-bed column studies for the biosorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by raw and treated date palm leaves and orange peel

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002294 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 464-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Date Palm ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Bed Height ◽

Adsorbent Dose

Herein, we describe the batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by raw and treated date palm leaves (DP) and orange peel (OP) waste biomass. Contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and particle size were optimized in batch adsorption experiments, while breakthrough curves obtained in fixed-bed adsorption experiments were used to determine the effects of bed height, initial metal concentration, particle size, and flow rate. The use of treated DP and/or OP in batch adsorption mode increased the removal efficiency of metal ions by 20–30% compared to that observed for raw adsorbents. The equilibration time was estimated as 0.5 h, with rapid metal removal observed during the first 15 min at an optimum pH value of ~5. Increasing the adsorbent dose from 0.5 to 6–7 g enhanced the metal removal efficiency by ~60%, whereas a particle size increase from 50 to 300 µm decreased this value by about 30% for both Cu2+ and Pb2+ and both raw and treated DP/OP. Both breakthrough and exhaust times increased with increasing bed height of the fixed-bed column, and the effect observed for treated DP exceeded that observed for raw DP by a factor of two. Conversely, both breakthrough and exhaust times decreased with increasing initial metal concentration, particle size, and flow rate. Increasing the particle size from 100–150 to 300 µm changed the exhaust time by 8 h when treated DP was used for Pb2+ adsorption. The obtained linear regression coefficients (R2 = 0.9–0.99) suggest that both Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models are well-suited for predicting the adsorption performance of the present system.

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Desorption of Vitamin E from Silica-Packed Fixed-Bed Column by Isopropanol

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1767 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Boon-Seang Chu ◽

Siew-Young Quek ◽

Badlishah Sham Baharin ◽

Yaakob Bin Che Man

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Desorption Rate ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Desorption Process ◽

Column Temperature ◽

Percentage Recovery ◽

Bed Height

Desorption of vitamin E from silica-packed fixed-bed column was studied as functions of column bed height, column temperature and flow rate of isopropanol. Isopropanol was the desorbing solvent and it was eluted through the columns saturated with vitamin E. The desorption profiles of all systems showed that vitamin E might desorb at two distinct rates simultaneously. The slow desorbing step was the rate-controlling process for recovery of vitamin E. The desorption rate increased with the decrease of column bed height and flow rate, but increased with increasing column temperature. This indicated that the desorption process was an endothermic process. The percentage recovery of vitamin E upon completion of desorption was considered high for all systems, ranging from 94.8 to 98.8%, with vitamin E concentration in the extract of 18.5-21.5%. Although the bed height, column temperature and flow rate were functions of desorption rate, it appeared that percentage recovery and vitamin E concentration in the extract were rather unaffected by the operating conditions tested if the column was eluted by isopropanol for a sufficient time to desorb vitamin E. Nevertheless, the use of isopropanol would be more efficient if desorption was carried out at lower flow rate and higher column temperature.

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