scholarly journals The emergence of free intervals in the traffic flow depending on the intensity of movement and speed

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Tetiana Sokolenko ◽  
◽  
Anatoliy Palchyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Vehicle Delay ◽  
Flow Intensity ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Made In

The movement of single and group cars in traffic flows was investigated during the work. These studies are used to calculate the vehicle delay time during maneuvers through crossings and adjacencies at the same level. On the basis of the data obtained, the technical and economic discussion of the cross-sectional or adjoining parameters under consideration can be made. In the course of the study, examination will be conducted on the influence of intensity, velocity and traffic flow on the distribution intervals between cars and a graph of this effect for different traffic intensities is to be constructed. On the basis of the provided charts, the dependence of the free interval, necessary for maneuvering, on the traffic flow intensity is described. Using this dependence, you can figure out the number of cars that can be transported continuously. Knowing the traffic flow, its intensity and the distribution of free intervals between cars and groups of vehicles, the lag time of cars that are waiting for the ability to maneuver as well as their quantity can be calculated with the help of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Comparing Dimensions of Four-Strand Hamstring Tendon Grafts with Native Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barış Yılmaz ◽  
Güzelali Özdemir ◽  
Elif N. Keskinöz ◽  
Gamze Tümentemur ◽  
Kemal Gökkuş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Hamstring Tendon ◽  
Hamstring Tendons ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Tendon Grafts ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Made In

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether or not there was any incompatibility between four-strand hamstring tendons taken from the same knee and the dimensions of the ACL and PCL.Methods. 15 fresh frozen cadaver hamstrings were prepared as four-strand grafts and measurements made of the ACL and PCL circumferences in the midsection were made in the narrowest part of the midsection. The cross-section areas and diameters were calculated with geometric calculations used to measure the cross-sectional area of cylinders. Accepting that the geometric insertions were elliptical, the length, width, and area were calculated for entry areas.Results. A significant relationship at 96.2% was determined between the ACL mid and the hamstring diameter. A significant relationship at 96.7% was determined between the ACL and the hamstring mid area. A significant relationship at 96.4% was determined between the PCL mid and the hamstring diameter. A significant relationship at 95.7% was determined between the PCL and the hamstring mid area.Conclusion. For the reconstruction of ACL and PCL, it was determined that there is less incompatibility between the four-strand hamstring tendons taken from the same knee and the dimensions of the midsection PCL compared to the ACL dimensions.

scholarly journals FOURIER ANALYSIS OF THE TRAFFIC FLOW INTENSITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
M.G. Boyarshinov ◽  
◽  
A.S. Vavilin ◽  
A.G. Shumkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Fourier Series ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Harmonic Functions ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
The Road ◽  
Flow Intensity ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Amplitude Characteristics

The relevance of this work is determined by the need to find modern ways to process the information about traffic flows for regulating and controlling the movement of transport and pedestrians, to reduce congestion, road accidents, etc. The object of study is a part of road with heavy two-way traffic, equipped with a software and hardware complex that allows to measure the characteristics of the transport flow. The subject of the study is the daily intensity of the cars flow during the week, from Monday to Sunday. The purpose of this study is to analyze the amplitudes, frequencies, and periods of harmonic functions obtained by decomposing the time series of road traffic intensities to identify the main patterns of traffic flow formation. As a theoretical and methodological approach, the decomposition of the function of the traffic flow intensity in the Fourier series with respect to harmonic functions is used. The approach developed by the authors using the fast Fourier transform procedure made it possible to determine the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the time series under consideration, which is a scientific novelty of the analysis. It is proposed to use the «period-amplitude» characteristics as physically more meaningful instead of the «frequency-amplitude» dependencies traditionally used for the analysis. The processing of data obtained from software and hardware complexes allowed us to determine dependences of the car flow intensity on the road of the Perm city at different averaging intervals, to describe the features of the motor transport movement on the road under consideration. As a result of the study, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of time series are obtained. It is shown that the individual harmonics of the Fourier series expansion of the traffic flow intensity, which exhibits the properties of a random function, duplicate the periodicity of the global, local, and intermediate extremes of the original function and have similar periods. The practical significance consists in the use of the decomposition of the function of the traffic flow intensity in the Fourier series of harmonic functions for predicting traffic flows, controlling the operation of traffic lights, monitoring the operation of equipment, as well as in the reconstruction, design and construction of roads and road objects. The study will continue in the direction of obtaining, processing and determining the «period-amplitude» characteristics for time series of traffic flow intensity for other road networks.

scholarly journals USING THE COMPLEX OF PHOTO AND VIDEO RECORDING OF TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS TO IDENTIFY DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC COMPONENTS OF THE TRAFFIC FLOW INTENSITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
M.G. Boyarshinov ◽  
◽  
A. S. Vavilin ◽  
A.G. Shumkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Deterministic Component ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Flow Intensity

The relevance of the manuscript is due to the need to process and analyze the information accumulated by the complexes of photo-video recording of traffic violations, which will further develop mathematical, computational and simulation models of road transport, solve problems of optimization and management of traffic flows, make management decisions to reduce the number of congestion and reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment. The object of the study is a part of a three-lane road with heavy one-way traffic, equipped with a software and technical complex that allows measuring the main characteristics of the traffic flow (vehicle speeds, including the average values on the controlled road part, driving time, etc.). The subject of the study is the traffic flow intensity during a 7-day time (from Monday to Sunday). The analysis of the obtained dependences allowed us to formulate a hypothesis about the presence of determin- istic and stochastic components in the traffic flow intensity, which is a random function of time, and the verification of which is the purpose of this study. Statistical processing of the obtained data is used as a theoretical and methodological approach, as well as the assumption that the traffic flow intensity can be represented by the sum of deterministic and stochastic components. The developed approach using the smoothing procedure allowed us to select both components, and this is a scientific novelty of the analysis performed. As a result of the study, it is shown that the deterministic component of the traffic flow intensity for working days is qualitatively different from the deterministic component for weekends. Statistical indicators of probabilistic distributions of traffic flow intensities and random components selected from them are determined. Estimates of the correspondence of the selected curves to the normal law of probability distribution are obtained using the Kolmogorov and Pearson criteria, which contradict each other. Practical significance consists in the use of a deterministic component for predicting traffic flows, controlling the operation of traffic lights, monitoring the operation of equipment, as well as in the reconstruction, design and construction of roads and road objects. The direction of further research is to obtain, statistically process and generalize data on the traffic flows intensity in other parts of the road network.

scholarly journals Vehicle delay at the crossroads and road junctions

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Tetiana Sokolenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Transport Delay ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Total Transport ◽  
Vehicle Delay ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Road Junctions

The main types of maneuvers on crossings and adjoints of highways in one level are studied. The probability of an unobstructed injection of a vehicle from a secondary to the main road and vice versa, taking into account the average length of the free interval between the vehicles of the main stream, is determined. The dependence of the duration of free intervals, and their number, on the intensity of traffic, the composition of the traffic flow, and the speed of vehicles, was found. A series of equations was obtained for determining the total transport delay in the performance of various types of maneuvers, depending on the type of intersection or adjacency. Vehicle delays at crossings and adjacent roads are used to economically justify changing their parameters. Therefore, the work is designed to minimize the delays of vehicles at crossings and interconnections both in one and at different levels.

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF NETWORK TRAFFIC FLOW

Transport ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundas Junevičius ◽  
Marijonas Bogdevičius
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Traffic Flow Models ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Made In

The article describes mathematical models of traffic flows to initiate different traffic flow processes. Separate elements of traffic flow models are made in a way to be connected together to get a single complex model. A model of straight road with different boundary conditions is presented as a separate part of the network traffic flow model. First testing is conducted in case the final point of the whole modelled traffic line is closed and no output from that point is possible. The second test is performed when a constant value of traffic flow speed and traffic flow rate is entered. Mathematical simulation is carried out and the obtained results are listed.

On the cross-sectional shape of the cellulose crystallites in the tunicate Halocynthia papillosa

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
J.-F. Revol ◽  
Y. Van Daele ◽  
F. Gaill
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Field Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Valonia Ventricosa ◽  
C Nmr

The only form of cellulose which could unequivocally be ascribed to the animal kingdom is the tunicin that occurs in the tests of the tunicates. Recently, high-resolution solid-state l3C NMR revealed that tunicin belongs to the Iβ form of cellulose as opposed to the Iα form found in Valonia and bacterial celluloses. The high perfection of the tunicin crystallites led us to study its crosssectional shape and to compare it with the shape of those in Valonia ventricosa (V.v.), the goal being to relate the cross-section of cellulose crystallites with the two allomorphs Iα and Iβ.In the present work the source of tunicin was the test of the ascidian Halocvnthia papillosa (H.p.). Diffraction contrast imaging in the bright field mode was applied on ultrathin sections of the V.v. cell wall and H.p. test with cellulose crystallites perpendicular to the plane of the sections. The electron microscope, a Philips 400T, was operated at 120 kV in a low intensity beam condition.

A Technique for Measuring the Cross-Sectional Axes of the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle and Fat Depth in Lambs1,2

1960 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-809
Author(s):  
D. J. Matthews ◽  
R. A. Merkel ◽  
J. D. Wheat ◽  
R. F. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
The Cross

Automated Diagonal Slice and View Solution for 3D Device Structure Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Jeff Blackwood ◽  
Stacey Stone ◽  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Mark Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Device Structures ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Planar Analysis

Abstract The cross-sectional and planar analysis of current generation 3D device structures can be analyzed using a single Focused Ion Beam (FIB) mill. This is achieved using a diagonal milling technique that exposes a multilayer planar surface as well as the cross-section. this provides image data allowing for an efficient method to monitor the fabrication process and find device design errors. This process saves tremendous sample-to-data time, decreasing it from days to hours while still providing precise defect and structure data.

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