scholarly journals DEMAND THAT GO IN ON THE FOLLOWING VEHICLE BODY OF THE BODIES OF THE HUMAN TRANSPORT PID PED HOUR EXPLOATATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 293-301
Author(s):  
Ruban D ◽  
◽  
Kraynyk L ◽  
Grischuk A ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Bus Body

The article considers the operating conditions that affect the durability of the bus body and proposes measures to increase the durability of public transport bus bodies during operation. The object of study - conditions and measures that affect the durability of public transport bus bodies during operation. Objective - development of recommendations for increasing the durability of bus bodies during operation. Research Methods - analytical. The analysis of factors in the fuel for the car bodywork in the bus transport in the first hour of operation was carried out. It has been established that the car body must be replaced with a bus, so that it's possible to use it and it's possible to immediately renew the anti-corrosion protection. Normal minds are presented: a bus route on roads I - III categories, transportation of passengers at roads, I don't change, technically permissible value, I don't overrun roads at a distance of 50 km / year. I'll show you how to look at the material base of motor transport enterprises, 95% of motor transport companies in Ukraine don't have any notice for a winter bus. In addition, during the winter period, you need to thoroughly think and understand that there is a bus and a bus that is due to obstructions and icy roads. Technology has been scattered, and the anti-corrosion grease has been closed by a worn empty bus body frame. As a result, the robots have been installed, which is effective for the effective anti-corrosion protection of the body elements of the body frame, which is necessary and certified. In addition, during the winter period, you need to thoroughly think and understand that there is a bus and a bus that is due to obstructions and icy roads. Technology has been scattered, and the anti-corrosion grease has been closed by a worn empty bus body frame. As a result, the robots have been installed, which is effective for the effective anti-corrosion protection of the body elements of the body frame, which is necessary and certified. KEY WORDS: BUS, NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS, CORROSION PROTECTION, DURABILITY.

scholarly journals Forecasting the durability of public transport bus bodies depending on operating conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1(112)) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Dmytro Ruban ◽  
Lubomir Kraynyk ◽  
Hanna Ruban ◽  
Andrii Sosyk ◽  
Andriy Shcherbyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Bus Body

This paper addresses the issue related to forecasting the durability indicators of public transport buses under operational conditions. It has been established that when buses are operated to transport passengers the bus bodies wear at different intensities. During operation, the strength of the body frame weakens under the influence of corrosion in combination with sites of fatigue destruction. As it was established, the intensity of corrosion of the bus body depends on the number of residents in the city where the bus is operated. The earlier established dependences were taken into consideration; the current study has identified two conditional variants of corrosion evolution based on the number of inhabitants: up to 1 million and exceeding 1 million. The expediency of repairs and their impact on the bus passive safety has been analyzed. It was found that the elements of the body frame, without external characteristic damage, no longer meet the specified conditions of strength as a result of sign-alternating loads and during long-term operation. Determining the durability of the bus body was made possible through the construction of a mathematical model. The model’s adequacy was confirmed by road tests of the bus. The devised model describes the movement of the bus over a road surface with different micro profiles, with different corrosion penetration, different loading by passengers, and bus speeds. It was established that the reason for the evolution of structural corrosion is the influence of salt mixtures preventing the icing of roads, as well as ignoring the washing of buses after such trips. It is recommended to use new software for the in-depth study into this issue addressing the combination of various factors of destruction: cyclic loads at variable bus speeds and the corrosion progress. The study results could make it possible to predict a life cycle of the body frame under factors that correspond to actual operating conditions.

Optimization Design of a Bus Body Frame

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Yong Hai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Design ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Bus Body

This paper selects a certain type of Golden Dragon bus body structure as the research object, by using ANSYS parametric modeling, and achieve optimization process through the ISIGHT software integration ANSYS. Choose the body frame minimum total quality as optimal objective; the average stress level is introduced to the objective function when the body frame is under the bending and twisting joint working conditions. According to the bus operating conditions, restrictions including strength, stiffness, and frequency of the body frame are put forward .NSGA-II algorithm is employed to optimize the design. The results showed that: 8.08% total mass reduction of Bus Body Structure. The NSGA-II method combined with finite element method this article uses has a certain reference value on the similar structure optimization design.

Electric Bus Body Lightweight Design Based on Multiple Constrains

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 3137-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wei Wang ◽  
Cheng Jun Zhou ◽  
Cheng Lin ◽  
Jiao Yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Free Model ◽  
Bus Body ◽  
The Finite Element Model ◽  
Torsion Condition

The finite-element model of pure electric bus has been built and the free model analysis, displacement and stress analysis under bending condition and torsion condition have been conducted. Optimally design the pure electric bus frame based on multiple constrains. Reduce the body frame quality by 4.3% and meanwhile meet the modal and stress requirements.

Model and Finite Element Analysis of a Bus Body

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 596-599
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Qin Man Fan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Bus Body ◽  
Stress And Deformation

ANSYS is used as the finite element computing platform to analysis a certain type of bus body frame under four load conditions of bending conditions, reversing conditions, the bending and torsion conditions and the emergency braking conditions. The constraints and load approach in the four conditions are given in this paper. A certain type of bus body skeleton program and the finite element analysis are conduct. The result shows that: (1) Bus body frame changing brings the re-distribution of the stress, making the overall stress and deformation of the body skeleton relatively uniform. (2) The improved program makes more than 250KG weight losing of the body frame and the changing location of the maximum deformation under the bending conditions. The maximum bending deform increased is only 8.92%.

Finite Element Modeling and Analysis for a Certain Urban Bus Frame

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 2239-2245
Author(s):  
Ya Hui Li ◽  
Wei Dong Luo ◽  
Rui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Bus Body ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
Set Up

Using CATIA set up a 3d model of urban bus frame in this paper, And ANSYS13.0 is used to establish the body frame finite element model of the certain urban bus body frame, Based on this model, the static characteristics under various conditions were analyzed, and the features of stress and strain distribution are gotten. Through the analysis of calculation results, we can conclude that this body frame around the column to the rear windscreen beam junction strength in insufficient, need to increase cross-sectional area of the left column; The floor behind driver seats strength is not enough, need to add two beams to strengthen the support. And the calculation result shows that the rest of the frame has a certain extent optimization space, and can provide the basis for the next step of lightweight.

scholarly journals Technological principles for providing the durability of bus bodies in the production process

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Dmytro Ruban ◽  
◽  
Lubomir Kraynyk ◽  
Yuriy Kraynyk ◽  
Vadim Dzoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Cladding Panels ◽  
Bus Body ◽  
Real Practice ◽  
Constant Improvement

The article describes the technological principles of ensuring the durability of bus bodies. Features of technologies on increase of corrosion resistance of bodies of buses of public transport are resulted. The basic tendencies at the modern enterprises on improvement of anticorrosive protection and manufacturing of bodies of buses are considered. New materials for the manufacture of bus bodies are presented. The application of new technologies in the production of small-class bus bodies was introduced in Ukraine in the late 1990s. This was a design development of OJSC «Ukravtobusprom», which was used at OJSC «Cherkasy Bus» since the beginning of production of «Bogdan» buses. The body of the bus «Bogdan» A091, in the process of improvement, received a non-seeded structure, which had a number of significant advantages. The use of glued front and rear fiberglass panels on these buses has significantly increased the corrosion resistance of the bus body. To protect against corrosion of the side panels began to use steel sheets with double-sided galvanizing, which were welded to the uncovered frame of the body. With further improvement of the technology of corrosion protection, the body frame was completely covered with anti-corrosion, highly adhesive soil. In the places of welding of the cladding panels, the frame pipes are covered with heat-resistant conductive soil. Today, galvanized side panels are glued to JSC «Cherkasy Bus» in the production of «Ataman» A092H6/16 buses, which has significantly reduced the number of corrosion cells. At JSC «Ukravtobusprom» the technology of facing of a body provides even less use of steel elements. On TUR A407 and TUR A303 buses, the cladding is made of composite materials (so-called ecobond sheet), which is glued to the frame using Sika technology. Constant improvement of technologies of anticorrosive protection of bodies of buses promotes increase of durability in realities of operation in our state. Because quite often, as real practice shows, operating organizations do not take measures to eliminate the effects of corrosion until the manifestations of structural corrosion, which make it impossible to further operate the bus.

Bi-Level Optimization for Cross-Sectional Size of Bus Body

2013 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xin Na ◽  
Jian Feng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Line Search ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Bus Body

A bi-level optimization method, integrating both local line search and overall multi-objective optimization, is proposed aiming to provide a solution for lightweight design of integral bus bodies. On the first level, the lightest structure under the strength condition is obtained via implementing line-search process in local bar models of the body frame based on the section libraries. On the second level, the design variables are screened by means of sensitivity analysis, and then the bus body structure is optimized by using the multi-objective genetic algorithm. This approach is implemented into an integral bus body frame during the concept design stage. It is verified that the obtained structure scheme is 10.57% lighter than the target bus model and the major mechanical performances are also better than the target one.

Modal Analysis of School Bus Body Frame

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Zhe Wen Tian ◽  
Yu Gang Wei ◽  
Hao Jie Si ◽  
Xiao Ming Mei ◽  
Yong Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Vibration Mode ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Finite Model ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
School Bus ◽  
Inherent Frequency ◽  
Bus Body

In the process of exploiting and trial-manufacturing the bus school, we find the small stiffness is insufficient, and there exits such phenomenon that small skin fractures and deformations. This paper Builds a three-dimensional model of the school bus by using CATIA software, and then imports the model into Workbench software, establishing a body frame finite model for free modal analysis. Analyzing the free modal of the body frame based on Workbench, we get the body frame’s inherent frequency and vibration mode, and evaluate the body frame vibration characteristics, and put forward improvement proposal on the problem of body frame.

scholarly journals Comparative TCO Analysis of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses for Public Transport System in Small to Midsize Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4384
Author(s):  
Hanhee Kim ◽  
Niklas Hartmann ◽  
Maxime Zeller ◽  
Renato Luise ◽  
Tamer Soylu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Bus Body

This paper shows the results of an in-depth techno-economic analysis of the public transport sector in a small to midsize city and its surrounding area. Public battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell buses are comparatively evaluated by means of a total cost of ownership (TCO) model building on historical data and a projection of market prices. Additionally, a structural analysis of the public transport system of a specific city is performed, assessing best fitting bus lines for the use of electric or hydrogen busses, which is supported by a brief acceptance evaluation of the local citizens. The TCO results for electric buses show a strong cost decrease until the year 2030, reaching 23.5% lower TCOs compared to the conventional diesel bus. The optimal electric bus charging system will be the opportunity (pantograph) charging infrastructure. However, the opportunity charging method is applicable under the assumption that several buses share the same station and there is a “hotspot” where as many as possible bus lines converge. In the case of electric buses for the year 2020, the parameter which influenced the most on the TCO was the battery cost, opposite to the year 2030 in where the bus body cost and fuel cost parameters are the ones that dominate the TCO, due to the learning rate of the batteries. For H2 buses, finding a hotspot is not crucial because they have a similar range to the diesel ones as well as a similar refueling time. H2 buses until 2030 still have 15.4% higher TCO than the diesel bus system. Considering the benefits of a hypothetical scaling-up effect of hydrogen infrastructures in the region, the hydrogen cost could drop to 5 €/kg. In this case, the overall TCO of the hydrogen solution would drop to a slightly lower TCO than the diesel solution in 2030. Therefore, hydrogen buses can be competitive in small to midsize cities, even with limited routes. For hydrogen buses, the bus body and fuel cost make up a large part of the TCO. Reducing the fuel cost will be an important aspect to reduce the total TCO of the hydrogen bus.

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