scholarly journals GEODETIC SOFT- AND HARDWARE SYSTEMS BASED ON PERSPECTIVE DOMESTIC GNSS RECEIVERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 240-251
Author(s):  
Dmitriy A. Primakov ◽  
Stanislav O. Shevchuk ◽  
Elena S. Cheremisina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Conceptual Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
System Of Plan ◽  
Soft And Hardware ◽  
Gnss Networks

In the article the current problems and the perspectives of compound monitoring and positioning systems based on domestic Russian GNSS receivers are considered. Modernized concepts of those systems are proposed for the issues solving by the perspective GNSS receivers and geodetic net software. The systems based on those technologies are also overviewed. The conclusions on specifications, form-factors and the features of potential receivers are made. Four models of potential GNSS receivers are given based on earlier research and experimental design developments of Russian Institute of Radio-navigation and Time (RIRT). The perspective software modifications for various-purpose GNSS networks are also overviewed. The propositions are summarized with conceptual systems of local automatized geodetic network and the system of plan-height position control. The structure and features of the systems are overviewed. The conclusions of the works were made and the future continuation of the works are given.

scholarly journals Prospects of Metrological Provision Linear Geodetic of Measurements on the Geodetic Test Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Trevoho I.S. ◽  
Tsyupak I.M.
Keyword(s):  
Metrological Support ◽  
Metrological Provision ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Working Standards

Abstract This paper gives brief information on existing metrological support for the Yavoriv of scientific of the geodetic of test field (SGTF) for testing of modern of surveying equipment (rangefinders, electronic total stations and GNSS receivers). Analyzed ways to improve the fundamental geodetic network and the standard linear of basis, as working standards for testing, in accordance, GNSS receivers and a rangefinders, as well as for study an accuracy technology of GNSS leveling.

Tracking livestock using global positioning systems - are we still lost?

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Swain ◽  
M. A. Friend ◽  
G. J. Bishop-Hurley ◽  
R. N. Handcock ◽  
T. Wark
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Free Grazing

Since the late 1980s, satellite-based global positioning systems (GPS) have provided unique and novel data that have been used to track animal movement. Tracking animals with GPS can provide useful information, but the cost of the technology often limits experimental replication. Limitations on the number of devices available to monitor the behaviour of animals, in combination with technical constraints, can weaken the statistical power of experiments and create significant experimental design challenges. The present paper provides a review and synthesis of using GPS for livestock-based studies and suggests some future research directions. Wildlife ecologists working in extensive landscapes have pioneered the use of GPS-based devices for tracking animals. Wildlife researchers have focussed efforts on quantifying and addressing issues associated with technology limitations, including spatial accuracy, rate of data collection, battery life and environmental factors causing loss of data. It is therefore not surprising that there has been a significant number of methodological papers published in the literature that have considered technical developments of GPS-based animal tracking. Livestock scientists have used GPS data to inform them about behavioural differences in free-grazing experiments. With a shift in focus from the environment to the animal comes the challenge of ensuring independence of the experimental unit. Social facilitation challenges independence of the individual in a group. The use of spatial modelling methods to process GPS data provides an opportunity to determine the degree of independence of data collected from an individual animal within behavioural-based studies. By using location and movement information derived from GPS data, researchers have been able to determine the environmental impact of grazing animals as well as assessing animal responses to management activities or environmental perturbations. Combining satellite-derived remote-sensing data with GPS-derived landscape preference indices provides a further opportunity to identify landscape avoidance and selection behaviours. As spatial livestock monitoring tools become more widely used, there will be a greater need to ensure the data and associated processing methods are able to answer a broader range of questions. Experimental design and analytical techniques need to be given more attention if GPS technology is to provide answers to questions associated with free-grazing animals.

scholarly journals Studies Regarding the Use of Pneumatic Muscles in Precise Positioning Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9855
Author(s):  
Ioana Mădălina Petre
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Pneumatic Muscle ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Pneumatic Muscles ◽  
Contraction Ratio ◽  
Input Pressure ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents the methods and results of an experimental study that highlights the behavior of a pneumatic actuator under different pressures and with different loads applied. One important challenge that occurs in the application of pneumatic muscles is the phenomenon of hysteresis, which causes a nonlinear relationship between the input–output values. The aim of this study is to identify the occurrence of hysteresis in the operation of a small pneumatic muscle in different conditions. Thus, different loads are attached to the free end of a pneumatic muscle and different successive pressures are applied in order to examine the hysteresis of the contraction ratio when the muscle is inflated and then deflated. The obtained equations that describe the relationship between the input pressure and the axial contraction are significant for reaching a high-performance position control. In this regard, the article proposes a solution to increase positioning accuracy based on pressure control using a proportional pressure regulator and a programmable logic controller.

A LOW COST MACRO-MICRO POSITIONING SYSTEM WITH SMA-ACTUATED MICRO STAGE

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ho ◽  
Rob Gorbet
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Mechanical Amplification ◽  
Micro Systems ◽  
Better Than

Macro-micro systems allow high-resolution positioning over greater ranges of operation that would be achievable with precision positioning systems. Piezoceramic actuators have established themselves as the principle technology for commercial micro-positioning applications, and the trend in research is to push the limits of resolution down to the nanometer and sub-nanometer scales. Other smart materials offer the potential for lightweight, continuous actuation over small ranges, and hence may be useful in micro-positioning applications. This work focuses on the potential for SMA actuators to enable low-cost micro-positioning. Compared to piezos, SMA offer longer range and lower actuation voltages, enabling lower-cost drive electronics and removing the need for costly precision mechanical amplification stages. A prototype single-axis macro-micro positioning system is described, with a macro range of 200 mm and relative positioning precision of better than 5 5μm. The micro stage is driven by an NM70 SMA actuator from NanoMuscle. Macro and micro stages are modelled and controllers developed, and experimental system performance is evaluated. The success of the system provides an inexpensive platform for the study of macro-micro positioning issues such as stage coupling, friction, and drive flexibility, as well as for the position control of SMA.

scholarly journals Calculating the longitudinal and vertical displacements of a moving object by digital image processing methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Victor Senchenko ◽  
Veronika Lopatina ◽  
Artem Butsanets
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Positioning Systems

In the article, algorithms for calculating the longitudinal and vertical displacement of a moving object relative to a stationary base by a non-contact method using a laser-optical measuring de-vice are described and compared. The problem of non-contact measurement of longitudinal and vertical displacement belongs to the class of problems solved by methods of computer vision - image processing for measuring physical quantities. Two methods of calculating the value of the longitudinal and vertical displacement are compared. The first is based on the distance to the object, the size of the image sensor using the thin lens equation. The second is based on the method of calculus of distance to the object and the angle of view of the video recorder using the tangent formula. The measurements were carried out for the range of 0.5 - 500 m. The results of the work can be used to create high-precision positioning systems and high-precision vehicle guidance systems for various types of transport (sea, river, road, air and rail). Such systems solve the problem of stabilizing the position of moving objects in various transport systems, as well as position control.

Pneumatic Calligraphy Manipulator and Web-Based Tele-Operation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Hu ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Weiping Shen ◽  
Chuanyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
Robot Manipulator ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Servo Control ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
Language Environment

Pneumatic devices are typically used as actuators in the engineering. Because of the compressibility and less stop position, they were considered hard to control in a precise motion control system. The servo-pneumatic positioning systems change people’s concept. Engineers find that with the help of new pneumatic servo control technology, it is just as easy of using electro-servo system as to use servo-pneumatic positioning controller. The SPC-200 Axis Controller being wildly used is a good example. This article discusses the Web-based calligraphy manipulator control. Authors had built an experimental calligraphy robot in the Lab. It could mimic human calligraphy. In this test robot system, it contained Web-based control ability. User could move robot manipulator through Web page. The critical issue of Web-based control is the requirement of a language environment, which characterize script. This experimental system ran under Ch language environment. The details of system building and executing are described in this paper. It concluded that pneumatic devices could be used as accurate position control and could be possible to control through Web.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic angular positioner based on DC micromotor

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Maciej Bodnicki ◽  
Jakub Wierciak ◽  
Wojciech Credo ◽  
Karol Bagiński ◽  
Leszek Wawrzyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Electromagnetic Torque ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
High Dynamics

The presented works concerned launching of an angular positioner powered by an electromagnetic actuator, designed for performing angular micromovements within a range of few microradians. The principle of operation is based on balancing the electromagnetic torque of the motor with a torque that is twisting a compliant element. As electrodynamic actuators have no distinguished controlled positions, therefore in typical positioning systems desired positions are obtained applying a closed-loop position control. Usually, such systems employ also a feedback (dumping) related to velocity of the moving elements, what simplifies forming of dynamics of the system. The design of the physical model employs a DC micromotor, whose rotor is coupled with a torsional torquemeter. A feedback signal is generated by resistive strain gauges. The paper presents a mathematical model of the positioning system, results of simulation study as well as results of experimental study. The simulation study indicates that it is possible to select such design features and such type of the micoromotor that a high dynamics of positioning is ensured.

Development of a 3D Tunneling Current Probing System for Micro- and Nano-Coordinate Metrology

2017 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Zhong Yuan Sun ◽  
Alexander Schuler ◽  
Tino Hausotte
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tunneling Current ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Coordinate Metrology

The demands for precision measurement of three dimensional micro-and nanogeometries over a large area have rapidly increased during the last few years. To meet such requirements, many different nanometre resolving 3D capable probing sensors and corresponding 3D positioning systems to operate the sensors for 3D measurements have been developed. The mechanical contact-free, electrical work piece probing based on the scanning tunneling microscopy principle offers new possibilities for 3D micro coordinate measurements as well as for nanometre resolved topography measurements in micro-and nanometrology. This paper introduces an updated version of this probing sensor system extended with a 3D movable piezo scanner to directly detect its probing direction. With the magnitude and the direction of the contact vector forwarded to the position control of the nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine NMM-1 all of the 3D measurement commands of NMM-1 can be utilized, allowing 3D surface scans and especially 3D free-form surface scans.

scholarly journals Testing the Performance of Multi-Frequency Low-Cost GNSS Receivers and Antennas

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Veton Hamza ◽  
Bojan Stopar ◽  
Oskar Sterle
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Short Baseline ◽  
True Value ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Baseline Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) low-cost multi-frequency receivers are argued as an alternative to geodetic receivers for many applications. Calibrated low-cost antennas recently became available on the market making low-cost instruments more comparable with geodetic ones. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the noise of low-cost GNSS receivers, to compare the positioning quality from different types of low-cost antennas, and to analyze the positioning differences between low-cost and geodetic instruments. The results from a zero baseline test indicated that the u-blox multi-frequency receiver, namely, ZED-F9P, had low noise that was at the sub-millimeter level. To analyze the impact of the antennas in the obtained coordinates, a short baseline test was applied. Both tested uncalibrated antennas (Tallysman TW3882 and Survey) demonstrated satisfactory positioning performance. The Tallysman antenna was more accurate in the horizontal position determination, and the difference from the true value was only 0.1 mm; while, for the Survey antenna, the difference was 1.0 mm. For the ellipsoid height, the differences were 0.3 and 0.6 mm for the Survey and Tallysman antennas, respectively. The comparison of low-cost receivers with calibrated low-cost antennas (Survey Calibrated) and geodetic instruments proved better performance for the latter. The geodetic GNSS instruments were more accurate than the low-cost instruments, and the precision of the estimated coordinates from the geodetic network was also greater. Low-cost GNSS instruments were not at the same level as the geodetic ones; however, considering their cost, they demonstrated excellent performance that is sufficiently appropriate for various geodetic applications.

scholarly journals SATELLITE POSITIONING BASED EXTENSION OF GEODETIC REFERENCE NETWORK TO SUPPORT GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Satellite Positioning ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Office Software ◽  
Central Kenya

A national geodetic network provides the fundamental framework that enables attainment of high accuracy geodetic measurements. It plays a key role in the efficiency and reliability of operations in land surveying, mapping, remote sensing, Geographic Information System, engineering surveying and other related applications. The geodetic framework provides the basis for integrating all mapping and survey activities. About eighty per cent of the primary geodetic control points in Kenya, established in the early twentieth century, have been destroyed. This has resulted in expensive and time consuming operations and processes for geospatial professionals and scientists. This situation is particularly worse in central Kenya, hence the need to extend the geodetic control by establishing more control points on secure and accessible sites for use by geospatial professionals and scientists in a wide variety of applications. In this study, modern satellite positioning techniques were utilised to extend geodetic reference network in central Kenya. Existing geodetic control points were used to facilitate establishment of new geodetic control points distributed within the region. Field observations were carried out using Global Positioning System. The raw data were downloaded, edited, processed and adjusted using Leica Geo-Office software. The resulting final adjusted coordinates had a maximum standard deviation of 2cm and 5cm on horizontal and vertical coordinates respectively, and a general loop misclosure of less than one part per million. The results showed that the quality of established control point positions was high, and demonstrated the efficient extension of geodetic control network using modern satellite positioning systems and efficient computational techniques in situations such as the ones currently prevailing in central Kenya.

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