scholarly journals EFFECT OF 1% Nа ON THE INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE ATOMS IN NITROGEN MICROWAVE PLASMA WITH AXIAL AND RADIAL OBSERVATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Komin ◽  
Oleg V. Pelipasov
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Radial View ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Axial View

The effect of 1% Na with axial and radial observation of microwave plasma on the analytical characteristics of the optical spectrometer “Grand-Microwave” is investigated. The presence of 1% Na in the analyzed sample leads to a decrease in the intensities of spectral lines with energies of 6 - 14 eV with the axial observation method by 8 - 50 times, and with the radial method by 2,5 - 8 times, depending on the observation area. The intensity of lines with energies of 1.6 - 6 eV increases by up to 20 times in the axial view, and by 4 to 6 times in the radial view. In the presence of Na, the ratio of the intensities of Mg (II) 280 nm and Mg (I) 285 nm decreases by 2 orders of magnitude for both observation methods, the temperature at the periphery of the axial view of the plasma decreases by 1300 K, and the temperature at the lower boundary of the radial view decreases by 2300 K. The method and scope of the review for the analysis of 25 chemical elements with minimal matrix influences Na and the efficiency of using the recommended areas was evaluated.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF RADIAL VIEW OF SPECTRUM EXCITATION SOURCE BASED ON MICROWAVE PLASMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Oleg Pelipasov ◽  
Oleg Komin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Visual Similarity ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Excitation Source ◽  
Radial View ◽  
Spectrum Excitation ◽  
Axial View

The results of the research of the radial method of observation of the spectrum excitation source based on microwave plasma (MP) are presented in the article. Using of a combination of a three-slot torch and a longitudinal magnetic microwave field for the formation of MP makes it possible to obtain an axisymmetric plasma shape similar to ICP flame. The visual similarity of the MP and ICP confirms the existence of various analytical zones in plasma, both in height (with a radial view) and radius (with an axial view) caused by differences in temperature and electron density in the observed zones. Using of the radial method of MP observation makes it possible to increase the ratio of the intensities of the spectral lines to MP background for some elements and to reduce the detection limits achieved with the axial method of observation, especially when analyzing highly mineralized samples with a total mineralization of more than 1 % wt. Another important advantage of the radial method of MP observation in comparison with the axial is the increase of the linearity range of the calibration curve.

scholarly journals Solar spectral irradiance variability of some chromospheric emission lines through the solar activity cycles 21-23

2017 ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Ü.D. Göker ◽  
M.Sh. Gigolashvili ◽  
N. Kapanadze
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Solar Chromosphere ◽  
Solar Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Solar Activity Cycles

A study of variations of solar spectral irradiance (SSI) in the wave-length ranges 121.5 nm-300.5 nm for the period 1981-2009 is presented. We used various data for ultraviolet (UV) spectral lines and international sunspot number (ISSN) from interactive data centers such as SME (NSSDC), UARS (GDAAC), SORCE (LISIRD) and SIDC, respectively. We reduced these data by using the MATLsoftware package. In this respect, we revealed negative correlations of intensities of UV (289.5 nm-300.5 nm) spectral lines originating in the solar chromosphere with the ISSN index during the unusually prolonged minimum between the solar activity cycles (SACs) 23 and 24. We also compared our results with the variations of solar activity indices obtained by the ground-based telescopes. Therefore, we found that plage regions decrease while facular areas are increasing in SAC 23. However, the decrease in plage regions is seen in small sunspot groups (SGs), contrary to this, these regions in large SGs are comparable to previous SACs or even larger as is also seen in facular areas. Nevertheless, negative correlations between ISSN and SSI data indicate that these variations are in close connection with the classes of sunspots/SGs, faculae and plage regions. Finally, we applied the time series analysis of spectral lines corresponding to the wavelengths 121.5 nm-300.5 nm and made comparisons with the ISSN data. We found an unexpected increase in the 298.5 nm line for the Fe II ion. The variability of Fe II ion 298.5 nm line is in close connection with the facular areas and plage regions, and the sizes of these solar surface indices play an important role for the SSI variability, as well. So, we compared the connection between the sizes of faculae and plage regions, sunspots/SGs, chemical elements and SSI variability. Our future work will be the theoretical study of this connection and developing of a corresponding model.

Comparison of Methods Used for Estimating Pharmacist Counseling Behaviors

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Schommer ◽  
Donald L. Sullivan ◽  
Joseph B. Wiederholt
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pharmacist Counseling ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Types Of Information

Objective: To compare the rates reported for provision of types of information conveyed by pharmacists among studies for which different methods of estimation were used and different dispensing situations were studied. Data Sources: Empiric studies conducted in the US, reported from 1982 through 1992, were selected from International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, and noncomputerized sources. Study Selection: Empiric studies were selected for review if they reported the provision of at least three types of counseling information. Data Extraction: Four components of methods used for estimating pharmacist counseling behaviors were extracted and summarized in a table: (1) sample type and area, (2) sampling unit, (3) sample size, and (4) data collection method. In addition, situations that were investigated in each study were compiled. Data Synthesis: Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria. Patients were interviewed via telephone in four studies and were surveyed via mail in two studies. Pharmacists were interviewed via telephone in one study and surveyed via mail in two studies. For three studies, researchers visited pharmacy sites for data collection using the shopper method or observation method. Studies with similar methods and situations provided similar results. Conclusions: Data collected by using patient surveys, pharmacist surveys, and observation methods can provide useful estimations of pharmacist counseling behaviors if researchers measure counseling for specific, well-defined dispensing situations.

scholarly journals Laboratory astrophysics for the interpretation of stellar spectra

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S350) ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Ulrike Heiter
Keyword(s):  
Milky Way ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Laboratory Astrophysics ◽  
Atomic Data ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Continuous Activities ◽  
Host Stars

AbstractHigh-resolution stellar spectra are important tools for studying the chemical evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy, tracing the origin of chemical elements, and characterizing planetary host stars. Large amounts of data have been accumulating, in particular in the optical and infrared wavelength regions. The observed spectral lines are interpreted using model spectra that are calculated based on transition data for numerous species, in particular neutral and singly ionized atoms. We rely heavily on the continuous activities of laboratory astrophysics groups that produce high-quality experimental and theoretical atomic data for the relevant transitions. We give examples for the precision with which the chemical composition of stars observed by different surveys can be determined, and discuss future needs from laboratory astrophysics.

scholarly journals The anomalous atmospheric structure of the strongly magnetic Ap star HD 166473

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (2) ◽  
pp. 2734-2743
Author(s):  
S P Järvinen ◽  
S Hubrig ◽  
G Mathys ◽  
V Khalack ◽  
I Ilyin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Longitudinal Magnetic Field ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT High-resolution spectropolarimetric observations of the strongly magnetic, superslowly rotating rapidly oscillating Ap star HD 166473 are used to investigate the implications of the presence of a variable strong magnetic field on the vertical and surface horizontal distribution of various chemical elements. The analysis of the calculated least-squares deconvolution Stokes I and V profiles confirms the previously reported detection of non-uniform horizontal surface distribution of several chemical elements. To test the vertical abundance stratification of iron peak and rare earth elements, magnetic field measurements were carried out using spectral lines of these elements belonging to neutral and ionized stages. We find clear indication of the existence of a relation between the magnetic field strength and its orientation and vertical element stratification: magnetic field values obtained for elements in different stages close to the magnetic equator are rather similar, whereas the dispersion in field strengths is remarkably large in the regions close to magnetic field poles. At the phases of negative and positive extrema the mean longitudinal field strength determined from the analysis of the rare-earth element lines is usually stronger than when using Fe and Cr. The strongest mean longitudinal magnetic field, up to −4160 ± 226 G, is detected using the La ii line list at the negative extremum, followed by the measurements using the Pr iii lines with 〈Bz〉=−3740 ± 343 G and the Ce ii lines with 〈Bz〉 = −3372 ± 247 G. The strongest mean longitudinal magnetic field of positive polarity, up to 3584 ± 354 G is detected using the Pr iii lines, followed by the measurement 〈Bz〉 = 2517 ± 249 G using the Ce ii lines.

Experimental Method for Determining the Damping Parameter of Spectral Lines Emitted by a Microwave Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1457-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Santiago ◽  
M. C. García ◽  
M. D. Calzada
Keyword(s):  
Line Profile ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Damping Parameter ◽  
Absorption Phenomenon ◽  
Parameter Values

In this work, a simple method for experimentally obtaining the value of the damping parameter or a-parameter of the spectral lines emitted by an argon plasma generated at atmospheric pressure is presented. The value of this coefficient indicates the proportion existing between the Lorentzian and Doppler components of the total line profile, which can be approximated to a Voigt function for our experimental conditions. The a-parameter values found were within the value interval recorded in the literature. The results obtained showed that the damping coefficient of the lines next to the fundamental level remains practically constant along the plasma column, whereas for the spectral lines involving high-lying levels, the a-parameter is sensitive to the changes in the electron density in the plasma. In this work it is also proved that the self-absorption phenomenon induces errors in the calculation of a, due to an increase in the broadening of the line profile produced by this phenomenon.

The chemical composition of the sun1This review is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Grevesse ◽  
M. Asplund ◽  
A.J. Sauval ◽  
P. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Oscillator Strengths ◽  
Atomic Data ◽  
Solar Photosphere ◽  
International Colloquium ◽  
Laboratory Plasmas ◽  
Selection Of

We have very recently re-determined the abundances of nearly all the available chemical elements in the solar photosphere, from lithium to thorium (Asplund et al. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 47, 481 (2009)). This new complete and homogeneous analysis results from a very careful selection of spectral lines of all the indicators of the abundances present in the solar photospheric spectrum, from a discussion of the atomic and molecular data, and from an analysis of these lines based on a new 3D model of the solar outer layers, taking non-LTE effects into account when possible. We present these new results, compare them with other recent solar data as well as with recent results for the solar neighborhood, and discuss some of their most important implications as well as some of the atomic data we still urgently need.

scholarly journals Pressure broadening of spectral lines and van der Waals forces I—Influence of argon on the mercury resonance line

1937 ◽  
Vol 158 (893) ◽  
pp. 212-229 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Line ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Resonance Line ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Van Der Waals Forces ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Molecular Spectra ◽  
Pressure Broadening ◽  
Single Atoms ◽  
Intensity Measurements

It is the purpose of this and the following paper to consider the type of broadening of a spectral line, produced by approaches of other atoms to the radiating atom, which we shall call throughout “transits". The aspect with which we are particularly concerned is the transits of single atoms producing the wing of the broadened line. The intensity distribution in spectra of this type, which are intermediate between ordinary pressure broadening and continuous molecular spectra, can be interpreted in a simple way, yielding results on the van der Waals forces. The first paper gives an account of intensity measurements in the single transit region of the mercury line 2537 A. broadened by the admixture of argon.

scholarly journals Pemahaman Ekonomi Islam Pada Usia Sekolah Di Lingkungan Masjid Luar Batang Penjaringan Jakarta Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tatik Mariyanti
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Observation Method

The purpose of this Join Community Service (PKM) with Faculty of Economy and Business Trisakti University and Faculty OF Economy and Business Esa Unggul University activity is to increase understanding of the Islamic economy and Islamic financial and banking institutions for school-aged children in environment of Masjid Luar Batang, Jakarta Indonesia. The method used is a survey and observation method with descriptive analysis from previous literature studies. The survey and observation methods were carried out by conducting direct outreach socialisation by presenting speakers and extension workers to school age. The material provided by giving an explanation of Islamic economics and the mechanism of Islamic financial institutions and banking. The next activity is evaluating the extension activities with interactions during the counseling session, such as questions and answers where questions from the instructor can be answered properly. Understanding of Islamic economics in school-age children in environment of Masjid Luar Batang has increased, but support from industry and the government is expected to be able to produce human resources that are reliable and can compete at the international level.

scholarly journals Influence of Extracurricular Services on Students’ Academic Achievement in Secondary Schools in Kwara State: A Qualitative Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Yusuf Suleiman ◽  
Zahyah Hanafi ◽  
Thanslikan Muhajir
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School System ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Observation Method

Extracurricular services are regarded as essential services in school system. Studies suggest that access to the services lead to students’ academic success. Literature shows that the use of qualitative approach to investigate extracurricular services is limited. In view of the foregoing, this study examined the perceived influence of extracurricular services on students’ academic achievement in secondary schools. Twenty (20) principals were selected from the three senatorial districts of Kwara State using stratified, purposive and convenience sampling techniques. Instruments used include interview and observation methods to collect relevant data from the participants. Specifically, observation method was used to complement findings from interview. Our findings reveal that extracurricular services influenced students’ academic achievement. Also, our findings revealed that inadequate availability of extracurricular facilities and personnel are the factors militating against effective provision of extracurricular services. The study recommends that adequate extracurricular facilities (football pitch, volleyball court, hall for social activities, etc.) should be available in schools. Lastly, adequate extracurricular services personnel should be deployed to schools to ensure active participation of students in various activities.

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