Pengaruh Iradiasi Gamma pada Konversi Biomassa Lignoselulosa Sabut Kelapa Menjadi Bioetanol

Sabut kelapa adalah salah satu limbah lignoselulosa yang dapat dikonversikan menjadi bioetanol. Konversi bioetanol pada penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu proses pre-treatment, proses Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSF), dan proses pemurnian. Proses pre-treatment sebagai proses pemecahan ikatan lignoselulosa menjadi poin utama dalam proses konversi biomassa lignoselulosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iradiasi gamma terhadap pemecahan ikatan lignoselulosa pada proses pre-treatment tersebut. Proses iradiasi gamma divariasikan pada dosis sebesar 0 kGy, 100 kGy, 150 kGy, 200 kGy, 250 kGy dan dilanjutkan pre-treatment secara kimia menggunakan NaOH 4%. Kemudian dilanjutkan proses pemurnian setelah proses SSF selama 72 jam. Kadar bioetanol yang diperoleh setelah proses pemurnian diukur menggunakan metode refraktometri dan piknometri. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh kadar bioetanol tertinggi pada dosis iradiasi gamma 200 kGy, yaitu 35,15% untuk metode refraktometri, dan 36,77% untuk metode piknometri. Hasil tersebut jauh lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kadar bioetanol tanpa iradiasi gamma yaitu 2,45% untuk metode refraktometri, dan 6,92% untuk metode piknometri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pre-treatment dengan iradiasi gamma dapat menghasilkan kadar bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan iradiasi gamma.Coconut husk is one of lignocellulosic wastes that can be converted into bioethanol. Bioethanol conversion in this study was carried out through several stages, namely the pre-treatment process, the Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSF) process, and the purification process. The pre-treatment process as the process of breaking lignocellulosic bonds becomes the main point in the process of lignocellulosic biomass conversion. This research was conducted to determine the effect of gamma irradiation to breaking lignocellulosic bonds on the pre-treatment process. Gamma irradiation process was varied in doses of 0 kGy, 100 kGy, 150 kGy, 200 kGy, 250 kGy and continued with chemical pre-treatment using 4% NaOH. Then the purification process was continued after the SSF process for 6 days. Bioethanol levels obtained after the purification process were measured using refractometry and picnometry methods. In this study, the highest levels of bioethanol were obtained at a gamma irradiation dose of 200 kGy, namely 34.93% for the refractometry method, and 26.67% for the picnometry method, respectively. These results are much higher when compared to bioethanol levels without gamma irradiation, which is 2.25% for the refractometry method, and 5.49% for the picnometry method, respectively. This study shows that the pre-treatment method with gamma irradiation can produce higher levels of bioethanol than without using gamma irradiation.

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Imidazole Processing of Wheat Straw and Eucalyptus Residues—Comparison of Pre-Treatment Conditions and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26247591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (24) ◽

pp. 7591

Author(s):

Pedro M. A. Pereira ◽

Joana R. Bernardo ◽

Luisa Bivar Roseiro ◽

Francisco Gírio ◽

Rafał M. Łukasik

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Biomass Conversion ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Treatment Agent ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Temperature Time

Biomass pre-treatment is a key step in achieving the economic competitiveness of biomass conversion. In the present work, an imidazole pre-treatment process was performed and evaluated using wheat straw and eucalyptus residues as model feedstocks for agriculture and forest-origin biomasses, respectively. Results showed that imidazole is an efficient pre-treatment agent; however, better results were obtained for wheat straw due to the recalcitrant behavior of eucalyptus residues. The temperature had a stronger effect than time on wheat straw pre-treatment but at 160 °C and 4 h, similar results were obtained for cellulose and hemicellulose content from both biomasses (ca. 54% and 24%, respectively). Lignin content in the pre-treated solid was higher for eucalyptus residues (16% vs. 4%), as expected. Enzymatic hydrolysis, applied to both biomasses after different pre-treatments, revealed that results improved with increasing temperature/time for wheat straw. However, these conditions had no influence on the results for eucalyptus residues, with very low glucan to glucose enzymatic hydrolysis yield (93% for wheat straw vs. 40% for eucalyptus residues). Imidazole can therefore be considered as a suitable solvent for herbaceous biomass pre-treatment.

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Optimization of the Pre-treatment Method for the Determination of 9 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Cabbage by Gas Chromatography

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129902012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 299 ◽

pp. 02012

Author(s):

Siya Guo ◽

Xiaoyan Wang ◽

Zongyi Zhang ◽

Hongwei Zheng ◽

Lei Guo

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Inorganic Salt ◽

Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Graphitized Carbon Black ◽

The Matrix ◽

Pre Treatment

The purpose of this study was to optimize the pre-treatment process for the detection of 9 organophosphorus pesticide residues in cabbage by gas chromatography, and to conduct a comparative experiment between this method and the standard method NY/T 761-2008 of the Ministry of Agriculture. The results show that the optimized pre-treatment method is to use 10 mL acetonitrile as the extractant, 150 mg N-propyl ethylenediamine (PSA) and 15 mg graphitized carbon black (GCB) as the purification agent, which can reduce the use of extractant and inorganic salt in the pre-treatment process, increase the recovery and detection limit, reduce the matrix effect and cost of instrument maintenance.

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EELS characterization of “Smut” layer films on steel surface prepared for chrome plating by anodic etching

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100139068 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 538-539

Author(s):

E Y. Wang ◽

J. T. Cherian ◽

A. Madsen ◽

R. M. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Steel Surface ◽

Surface Preparation ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Chrome Plating ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Alloy Steels ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Hard Chrome ◽

Electron Energy Loss

Many steel parts are electro-plated with chromium to protect them against corrosion and to improve their wear-resistance. Good adhesion of the chrome plate to the steel surface, which is essential for long term durability of the part, is extremely dependent on surface preparation prior to plating. Recently, McDonnell Douglas developed a new pre-treatment method for chrome plating in which the steel is anodically etched in a sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid solution. On carbon steel surfaces, this anodic pre-treatment produces a dark, loosely adhering material that is commonly called the “smut” layer. On stainless steels and nickel alloys, the surface is only darkened by the anodic pre-treatment and little residue is produced. Anodic pre-treatment prior to hard chrome plating results in much better adherence to both carbon and alloy steels.We have characterized the anodic pre-treated steel surface and the resulting “smut” layer using various techniques including electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) on bulk samples and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on stripped films.

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Reuse of Wastewaters in Agriculture by Means of Sprinkler Irrigation on a Farmland Area of 3000 ha – Large Scale Experience in Germany

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1986.0088 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 163-173

Author(s):

R. Boll ◽

R. Kayser

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Paper Briefly ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Sewage Farm ◽

Western Germany ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Main Components

The Braunschweig wastewater land treatment system as the largest in Western Germany serves a population of about 270.000 and has an annual flow of around 22 Mio m3. The whole treatment process consists of three main components : a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3.000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 200 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.

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Vivianite Occurrence and Remediation Techniques in Biosolids Pre-treatment Process

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864718824828777 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (4) ◽

pp. 103-117

Author(s):

Bipin Pathak ◽

Ahmed Al-Omari ◽

Scott Smith ◽

Nicholas Passarelli ◽

Ryu Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Process ◽

Pre Treatment

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Bioethanolic yeasts from dung beetles: tapping the potential of extremophilic yeasts for improvement of lignocellulolytic feedstock fermentation

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-021-01940-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anita Ejiro Nwaefuna ◽

Karl Rumbold ◽

Teun Boekhout ◽

Nerve Zhou

Keyword(s):

Treatment Process ◽

Dung Beetles ◽

Production Costs ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Major Drawback ◽

Renewable Fuel ◽

Extreme Stress ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

The Cost ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification

AbstractBioethanol from abundant and inexpensive agricultural and industrial wastes possesses the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioethanol as renewable fuel addresses elevated production costs, as well as food security concerns. Although technical advancements in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have reduced the cost of production, one major drawback of this technology is that the pre-treatment process creates environmental stressors inhibitory to fermentative yeasts subsequently reducing bioethanol productivity. Robust fermentative yeasts with extreme stress tolerance remain limited. This review presents the potential of dung beetles from pristine and unexplored environments as an attractive source of extremophilic bioethanolic yeasts. Dung beetles survive on a recalcitrant lignocellulose-rich diet suggesting the presence of symbiotic yeasts with a cellulolytic potential. Dung beetles inhabiting extreme stress environments have the potential to harbour yeasts with the ability to withstand inhibitory environmental stresses typically associated with bioethanol production. The review further discusses established methods used to isolate bioethanolic yeasts, from dung beetles.

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Orthogonal Projection As A Spectral Pre-Treatment Method To Reduce The Interference Of Polystyrene Signal In Nir Imaging Of Agar On Petri-Dishes

2019 10th Workshop on Hyperspectral Imaging and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS) ◽

10.1109/whispers.2019.8921398 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Herrero-Langreo ◽

Nathalie Gorretta ◽

Agnes Beghin ◽

Yu-Mei ◽

Mariateresa Ferone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthogonal Projection ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Nir Imaging ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Pre Treatment

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The effect of drying temperature on the properties of gelatin from carps (Cyprinus carpio) skin

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/128/2018-cjfs ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 246-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanna Tkaczewska ◽

Maciej Wielgosz ◽

Piotr Kulawik ◽

Marzena Zajac

Keyword(s):

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Thermal Hydrolysis ◽

Gel Properties ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The influence of drying temperature on the characteristics and gel properties of gelatine from Cyprinus carpio L. skin was studied. Gelatine was extracted from the carp skin using NaOH and ethanol pre-treatment method, extracted in water in 45°C and then dried in 4 different temperatures: 50, 70, 80°C and freeze-dried. The electrophoresis and functional properties of gelatines were investigated. Freeze drying allowed to obtain a high gelling force, and all other methods did not give satisfactory results. The proteins in gelatines dried at higher temperatures separated by electrophoresis gave severely blurred bands. It may be explained by thermal hydrolysis of collagen fibrils. Freeze drying is the only effective method for drying this product, which can be used in industry.

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