scholarly journals TO ASSESS THE INTERACTION OF THE SPECIES OF PERENNIAL BLUEGRASS GRASS (Poaceae) WITH WHITE CLOVER (Trifolium repens L.) IN MIXED AGROPHYTOCENOSES IN THE CONTEXT OF SEED BIOLOGIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Mixed Crops

Nitrogen consumption is one of the most important factors and necessary conditions for plant growth and development. The contribution from the biological fixation of N2 by legumes in grass mixtures can reduce or completely replace the need for industrial nitrogen fertilizers for perennial bluegrass grasses. When white clover is cultivated in grass mixtures, the net nitrogen gain to the ecosystem from the atmosphere during the growing season as a result of biological fixation can vary from 100 to 300 kg/ha or more. This is equivalent in effect to the application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers on grass in doses from 150 to 350 kg/ha. Types and varieties of perennial grasses have different competitiveness and complementarity when they are jointly cultivated in mixed crops. The use of grasses to create less lying grass stands allows you to increase the collection of white clover seeds. When cultivating white clover in grass mixtures, there was a decrease in the biological yield of seeds compared to mono-crop by 15–38% due to a decrease in the number of generative shoots. However, seed losses during harvesting decreased by up to 9–23% depending on the type of accompanying cereal crop and the method of harvesting. They were minimal in mixed crops of clover with pasture ryegrass or reed fescue and accounted for 9–11% and 12–13% of the biological yield of seeds, respectively. The highest seed collections were obtained from grass stands of the second year of use without the use of nitrogen fertilizers from crops of pasture ryegrass, reed fescue and meadow fescue: 761, 402 and 373 kg/ha, respectively. Along with the types of cereal components, the nature of plant interaction in grass mixtures and their response to anthropogenic stresses also depend on the genotypes of white clover varieties. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of cultivating clover varieties mixed with reed fescue showed that the highest collection of legume seeds 188 kg/ha from grass stands of the first year of use was provided by the 'Lugovik' variety – 36–68% more than with grass mixtures of the cv. 'Volat' variety f. giganteum and cv. 'VIK 70' of the f. hollandicum variety.

scholarly journals Influence of increasing doses of nitrogen on feed productivity of perennial grasses

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasil'evna Ivanova ◽  
Olga Vasil'evna Kurdakova ◽  
Aminat Msostovna Konova ◽  
Anna Yurievna Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
State Register ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

In the course of the experiment, the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of clover of the meadow variety Nadezhny, entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2012, was analyzed. A comparison is also made of this influence with the timothy of the meadow variety Leningradskaya 204. It was established that the pre-sowing introduction of mineral nitrogen for clover and timothy has influenced the productivity of these crops, but the nature of this effect varies depending on the type of grass. The introduction of N20 against the background of P30K90, which provided an increase in control of 51.2% for green mass and 33.6% for air-dry matter, was optimal for meadow clover of the first year of life. For grassland clover second year of life, the best option was N0P30K90, which gave an increase of 56.6% to the control on green mass and 50.6% on air-dry matter. A further increase in the dose of nitrogen on the options caused a decrease in yield increase. Timothy meadow for two years of life was traced responsiveness to the provision of nitrogen. The most productive in all respects was the option N120P30K90.    

scholarly journals Survival of endophyte-free perennial ryegrass after autumn spray/ drilling in the Waikato

1998 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
V.T. Van Vught ◽  
E.R. Thom
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Corporation ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Transitory Effect ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Clover Content

The persistence of an endophyte-free ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture established by autumn spray/drilling was studied over two years at the Dairying Research Corporation, Hamilton. Main plots were sprayed with glyphosate at 1.44 kg a.i./ ha (4 l/ha of Roundup G2) in mid March 1996 (S), or mid March and again in mid April (D). White clover (Trifolium repens L.) was removed from half the area of each main plot using herbicide and the remainder was drilled with white clover. All plots were direct drilled with endophyte-free peren-nial ryegrass in late April. Plots were rotationally grazed by dairy cows. Double spraying killed germinating volunteer ryegrass, Poa species and weeds, almost doubling the ryegrass content of D compared with S plots in the first winter/spring, and maintaining an advantage over the first year from drilling. Plants were larger in D than S over the first winter/spring, contributing to about a 10% improvement in their survival, reducing to about 5% by March 1998. Sown-plant densities were 200-250/m2 by April 1998, similar to those found in high-endophyte pastures. Double spraying reduced the clover content of +Cl plots to similar levels as those in -Cl plots, lowering the potential herbage accumulation for D. Double spraying before drilling had a transitory effect on seasonal herbage accumulation, and no effect on overall herbage accumulation. Keywords: dairy pastures, endophyte, persistence, plant competition, ryegrass, tillering, white clover

Effects of pasture species mixture, management, and environment on the productivity and persistence of dairy pastures in south-west Victoria. 1. Herbage accumulation and seasonal growth pattern

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. N. Nie ◽  
D. F. Chapman ◽  
J. Tharmaraj ◽  
R. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
South West ◽  
Species Mixture

An experiment was conducted on 2 contrasting soil types for 4 years (1998–2001) to determine the effects of plant species mixture, management inputs, and environment on sown species herbage accumulation (SSHA) and seasonal growth pattern of pastures for dairy production. Five pasture types, combined with 3 management treatments, were established in south-west Victoria. Three of the pasture types were based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). One pasture type included short-term, winter- or summer-active species in the perennial ryegrass–white clover mixture. The final pasture type was based on the perennial grasses cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.). The 3 management treatments involved different levels of fertiliser input and weed/pest control. Pasture type had a significant impact on SSHA in 3 of 4 years. In the first year, the mixture based on cocksfoot, tall fescue, and phalaris had the lowest SSHA, but this pasture matched other types from 1999 onwards and yielded the highest in 2000, the year with the driest summer during the experiment. Ryegrass–white clover mixture based on old cultivars had generally lower SSHA than the other types except in the first year. Higher fertiliser inputs increased SSHA by 16–28% in 1998, 1999, and 2001. There was a significant site × pasture type interaction on SSHA in 2000. The mixture based on cocksfoot, tall fescue, and phalaris produced up to 1–2 t DM/ha.year more than the other types in summer and autumn in dry–normal years. The inclusion of short-term species, or more stoloniferous white clover cultivars, in the ryegrass–white clover mixture, had little effect on SSHA, or on the seasonal distribution of pasture growth. Pastures based on perennial grasses other than perennial ryegrass appear to have potential for altering the seasonality of pasture growth in south-west Victoria, although the benefits resulting from changing pasture type will depend on environment. Overall, increasing management inputs usually had a greater effect on SSHA than changing pasture type, but management responses were also affected by environment, particularly through the effects of a dry season on a sandy soil type.

Productivity of perennial grasses under various rates of mineral nutrition on podzolic meadow-brown soil in Primorsky Kray

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. Павлова ◽  
Т.В. Наумова ◽  
А.А. Авраменко
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
First Year ◽  
Trefoil Factor ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Second Year ◽  
E Mail

В статье приводятся результаты изучения влияния минеральных удобрений на урожайность бобово-злаковых травосмесей на лугово-бурой оподзоленной почве Приморского края. Исследования проводились в 2012–2015 годах на опытном поле ФГБОУ ВО «Приморская ГСХА». Двухфакторный полевой опыт закладывался по следующей схеме: фактор А — различные по составу травосмеси многолетних трав: 1 — овсяница луговая + клевер луговой; 2 — овсяница луговая + лядвенец рогатый; 3 — овсяница луговая + клевер луговой + лядвенец рогатый; 4 — тимофеевка луговая + клевер луговой + лядвенец рогатый; 5 — кострец безостый + лядвенец рогатый; фактор В — фон удобрений: 1 — без удобрений (контроль); 2 — Р120К90; 3 — Р120К90 + N60. Установлено, что урожайность зелёной массы зависела от состава травосмеси, укоса и нормы внесения удобрений. В различные по климатическим условиям 2012–2015 годы исследований травосмеси отличались по урожайности. Самый высокий урожай во все годы исследований был получен в первом укосе, что связано с особенностями приморского климата и биологией многолетних трав. Наибольшую урожайность в первый год пользования обеспечили более сложные трёхкомпонентные травосмеси. В сумме за два укоса при внесении полного минерального удобрения (Р120К90 + N60) урожайность зелёной массы травосмеси из овсяницы луговой, клевера лугового и лядвенца рогатого составила 38,5 т/га, травосмеси из тимофеевки луговой, клевера лугового и лядвенца рогатого — 37,9 т/га. Наибольшая урожайность во второй год пользования была получена у трёхкомпонентной травосмеси из тимофеевки луговой, клевера лугового и лядвенца рогатого. При внесении полного минерального удобрения она составила 30,4 т/га. На третий год пользования травостоями наибольшую урожайность обеспечило внесение полного минерального удобрения + N60 после первого укоса под травосмесь из тимофеевки луговой, клевера лугового и лядвенца рогатого. В сумме за три укоса урожайность данной травосмеси составила 35,4 т/га. Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture, Institute of Land Management and Agricultural Technologies, department of Agricultural Technologies 692519, Russia, Primorsky Kray, Ussuriysk, Razdolnaya str., 8a E-mail: [email protected] The field experiment took place at the Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture in 2012–2015. Two-factorial field trial included: factor A — mixtures of perennial grasses: 1 — meadow fescue + red clover; 2 — meadow fescue + birdʼs-foot trefoil; 3 — meadow fescue + red clover + birdʼs-foot trefoil; 4 — common timothy + red clover + birdʼs-foot trefoil; 5 — smooth brome+ birdʼs-foot trefoil; factor В — mineral background: 1 — no fertilizers (control); 2 — Р120К90; 3 — Р120К90 + N60. The highest productivity was observed in the first cut influenced by littoral climate and plant biology. Three-component mixtures provided the highest yield in the first year. Meadow fescue mixed with red clover and birdʼs-foot trefoil produced 38.5 t ha-1 of green mass for two cuts when applying Р120К90 + N60, the mixture of common timothy, red clover and birdʼs-foot trefoil — 37.9 t ha-1. The latter performed the best in the second year. On the background of Р120К90 + N60 its yield amounted to 30.4 t ha-1. Application of Р120К90 + N60 after the first cut resulted in the highest productivity of common timothy combined with red clover and birdʼs-foot trefoil in the third year. This mixture produced 35.4 t ha-1 in total for three cuts.

scholarly journals Specific features of formation of grass-legume mixtures of the first and second year of life in the conditions of the European North of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-384
Author(s):  
A. A. Shamanin ◽  
L. A. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year

The studies were carried out in a field experiment in the north of the Arkhangelsk region. Under study were twocomponent grass stands of the first and second year of life, composed of cereal (meadow fescue, reed fescue) and legume grasses (meadow clover and blue alfalfa ). It has been established that in the climatic conditions of the Northern region the studied perennial grasses do not go through the full life cycle during the first year of life: meadow clover develops up to the root rosette phase, blue alfalfa – up to the branching phase, cereals ‒ to the tillering phase. In the first year, the yield is formed due to the legume component, especially meadow clover, which occupies 73 % of the structure. In the second year of life, cereal grasses increase their influence on the yield formation up to 93 %. The most productive variant in the second year was the “reed fescue + meadow clover” variant. With a higher ratio of the cereal component (67 %) in total for two mowings in comparison with the control variant "meadow fescue + meadow clover", the increase in dry matter yield was 2.81 t/ha (LSD05 = 1.46 t/ha), the output of exchange energy was 30.56 GJ/ha higher, crude protein yield increased by 0.22 t /ha. Agrophytocenoses of reed fescue and meadow clover in the first year of intensive use make it possible to obtain green fodder with the protein content in 1 kg of dry matter at the level of 114.28 g ‒ 153.33 g and sugars 133.54 g ‒ 154.65 g depending on the mowing. High loss of blue alfalfa in the grass stand is due to its weak winter hardiness and the effect of low spring temperatures during the period of the beginning of regrowth. Thus, in the conditions of the European North of Russia among legume-cereal grass stands during the first two years of life the grass mixture of meadow clover and reed fescue has been identified as perspective. There has been noted a potential for regulation the feed nutritional value (protein, sugars and fiber content) by means of grass mixture components selection.

scholarly journals CREEPING CLOVER (Trifolium repens L.): BIOLOGICAL FEATURES, ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE, VARIETIES AND METHODS OF SEED PRODUCTION WHEN GROWN IN GRASS MIXTURES WITH A CEREAL COMPONENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Olga Trukhan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Clover Seed

Creeping clover (Trifolium repens L.) is one of the best crops for creating meadow and pasture agrophytocenoses of long-term use. The biological features of this crop, such as durability, good yield, resistance to grazing, high leafiness, along with good feed quality indicators, its high protein nutritional value, make it indispensable when creating pastures not only in Russia, but also abroad. Creeping clover is one of the main components of grass mixtures for improving pastures and developing fallow lands; it is also an excellent phyto-meliorative crop that restores soil fertility. The most important problem of creeping clover seed production is harvesting due to the short stature of pasture varieties. Therefore, it is recommended to grow creeping clover for seeds in a mixture of grass together with cereal components such as perennial ryegrass, reed fescue, meadow fescue, etc. Due to the use of biological nitrogen of the legume component, energy consumption for the production of 1 kg of cereal grass seeds is reduced by 20–30% in comparison with uncoverless single-species crops. In addition to clover seeds, growing in grass mixtures allows you to get high yields of grass seeds in the second year of use without the use of nitrogen fertilizers.

NEW CLOVER CULTIVARS FOR WAIKATO DAIRY PASTURE: ESTABLISHMENT, PRODUCTION AND NITROGEN FIXATION DURING THE FIRST YEAR

1988 ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
G.J. Brier ◽  
R.N. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Buried Seed

Clover cultivars grown with ryegrass were compared in an establishment year under dairy cow grazing. There was no difference in total annual productton but summer production was greater with Pawera red clover and with Kopu or Pitau white clovers. Clovers differed little in the proportion of nitrogen fixed, except during summer when values were highest for Pawera. Pawera was less prone to nematode attack than white clover cultivars but was more susceptible to clover rot. Resident clovers and high buried seed levels (e.g., 11-91 kg/ha) made introduction of new clover cultivars difficult. Sown clovers established best (50-70% of total clover plants) when drilled into soil treated with dicamba and glyphosate. Keywords: white clover, red clover, nematodes. nitrogen fixation, pasture renovation

Competition among seedlings of perennial grasses, subterranean clover, white clover, and annual ryegrass in replacement series mixtures

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Successful Establishment

Seedlings of 3 perennial grasses, Danthonia linkii Kunthcv. Bunderra, D. richardsonii Cashmore cv. Taranna(wallaby grasses), and Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa,were each grown in replacement series mixtures with seedlings ofTrifolium repens L. (white clover),Trifolium subterraneum L. var. brachycalycinum (Katzn.et Morley) Zorahy & Heller cv. Clare (subterraneanclover), and Lolium rigidum L. (annual ryegrass). Plantswere sown 5 cm apart in boxes (45 by 29 by 20 cm) at a density of 307plants/m2. Maximum likelihood estimates were usedto derive parameters of a non-linear competition model using the dry matterweights of perennial grasses and competitors at 3 harvests, approximately 168,216, and 271 days after sowing. Intra-plant competition was examined inmonocultures of each species, grown at plant spacings of 2, 5, and 8 cm apartwith plants harvested at the above times.Competition occurred in all perennial grass–competitor mixtures, exceptin those of each perennial grass with white clover and thephalaris–subterranean clover mixture (Harvest 1) and those withD. richardsonii and phalaris grown with white clover(Harvest 2). For D. richardsonii (Harvests 1 and 2) andD. linkii (Harvest 1 only) grown with white clover andthe phalaris–subterranean clover (Harvest 1), the two species in themixture were not competing. In the phalaris–white clover mixture, eachspecies was equally competitive (Harvests 1 and 2). These differences incompetition and aggressiveness reflected differences in individual plantweights in monocultures where there was an effect (P < 0.05) of species ondry matter weight per box, but no significant effect of plant spacing.These data indicated that for successful establishment,D. richardsonii and D. linkiishould not be sown in swards with either subterranean clover or white clover,or where populations of annual ryegrass seedlings are likely to be high.Phalaris was more compatible with both white clover and subterranean clover,but aggressively competed with by annual ryegrass.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document