scholarly journals Specific features of formation of grass-legume mixtures of the first and second year of life in the conditions of the European North of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-384
Author(s):  
A. A. Shamanin ◽  
L. A. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year

The studies were carried out in a field experiment in the north of the Arkhangelsk region. Under study were twocomponent grass stands of the first and second year of life, composed of cereal (meadow fescue, reed fescue) and legume grasses (meadow clover and blue alfalfa ). It has been established that in the climatic conditions of the Northern region the studied perennial grasses do not go through the full life cycle during the first year of life: meadow clover develops up to the root rosette phase, blue alfalfa – up to the branching phase, cereals ‒ to the tillering phase. In the first year, the yield is formed due to the legume component, especially meadow clover, which occupies 73 % of the structure. In the second year of life, cereal grasses increase their influence on the yield formation up to 93 %. The most productive variant in the second year was the “reed fescue + meadow clover” variant. With a higher ratio of the cereal component (67 %) in total for two mowings in comparison with the control variant "meadow fescue + meadow clover", the increase in dry matter yield was 2.81 t/ha (LSD05 = 1.46 t/ha), the output of exchange energy was 30.56 GJ/ha higher, crude protein yield increased by 0.22 t /ha. Agrophytocenoses of reed fescue and meadow clover in the first year of intensive use make it possible to obtain green fodder with the protein content in 1 kg of dry matter at the level of 114.28 g ‒ 153.33 g and sugars 133.54 g ‒ 154.65 g depending on the mowing. High loss of blue alfalfa in the grass stand is due to its weak winter hardiness and the effect of low spring temperatures during the period of the beginning of regrowth. Thus, in the conditions of the European North of Russia among legume-cereal grass stands during the first two years of life the grass mixture of meadow clover and reed fescue has been identified as perspective. There has been noted a potential for regulation the feed nutritional value (protein, sugars and fiber content) by means of grass mixture components selection.

scholarly journals Influence of increasing doses of nitrogen on feed productivity of perennial grasses

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasil'evna Ivanova ◽  
Olga Vasil'evna Kurdakova ◽  
Aminat Msostovna Konova ◽  
Anna Yurievna Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
State Register ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

In the course of the experiment, the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of clover of the meadow variety Nadezhny, entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2012, was analyzed. A comparison is also made of this influence with the timothy of the meadow variety Leningradskaya 204. It was established that the pre-sowing introduction of mineral nitrogen for clover and timothy has influenced the productivity of these crops, but the nature of this effect varies depending on the type of grass. The introduction of N20 against the background of P30K90, which provided an increase in control of 51.2% for green mass and 33.6% for air-dry matter, was optimal for meadow clover of the first year of life. For grassland clover second year of life, the best option was N0P30K90, which gave an increase of 56.6% to the control on green mass and 50.6% on air-dry matter. A further increase in the dose of nitrogen on the options caused a decrease in yield increase. Timothy meadow for two years of life was traced responsiveness to the provision of nitrogen. The most productive in all respects was the option N120P30K90.    

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
V. A. Petruk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of field studies for 2017 - 2019 are presented. yields of perennial grasses sown at different times of the growing season. Spring, summer, and winter sowing periods were compared. Alfalfa, clover, rump, and also their mixtures were sown in 2017 under the cover of barley. The value of the cover crop yield of spring and summer sowing periods did not differ significantly and amounted to 4-5 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. Winter barley crops have not formed. On average, over 2 years of use, the highest yields were observed in alfalfa-crust grass mixtures - 3.4 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. The lowest yield was obtained in the single-species seeding of the rump. Correspondingly, in the spring, summer and winter periods of sowing, the yield of rump was 1.6; 1.1 and 1.3 t / ha. With a late sowing period, the yield of perennial grasses is significantly lower compared to spring and summer. With winter sowing periods, the yield was the highest for grass stands of alfalfa and alfalfacrust grass mixture - 2.3 and 2.4 t / ha. It should be noted that in the second year of use, the yield by the sowing dates in single-species crops and grass mixtures is leveled. The winter crops of perennial grasses in the first year of use formed a low yield. Only in the second year (third year of life) the productivity of perennial grasses of winter sowing began to increase. Consequently, in the area under perennial grasses of the winter sowing period, during one growing season (the next year after sowing), the crop was not actually formed. Based on the data obtained, production can be recommended for spring and summer planting of perennial grasses under the cover of barley. The winter sowing period provides economically valuable crop yields only by the third year of life.

Productivity of perennial grasses under various rates of mineral nutrition on podzolic meadow-brown soil in Primorsky Kray

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. Павлова ◽  
Т.В. Наумова ◽  
А.А. Авраменко
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
First Year ◽  
Trefoil Factor ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Second Year ◽  
E Mail

В статье приводятся результаты изучения влияния минеральных удобрений на урожайность бобово-злаковых травосмесей на лугово-бурой оподзоленной почве Приморского края. Исследования проводились в 2012–2015 годах на опытном поле ФГБОУ ВО «Приморская ГСХА». Двухфакторный полевой опыт закладывался по следующей схеме: фактор А — различные по составу травосмеси многолетних трав: 1 — овсяница луговая + клевер луговой; 2 — овсяница луговая + лядвенец рогатый; 3 — овсяница луговая + клевер луговой + лядвенец рогатый; 4 — тимофеевка луговая + клевер луговой + лядвенец рогатый; 5 — кострец безостый + лядвенец рогатый; фактор В — фон удобрений: 1 — без удобрений (контроль); 2 — Р120К90; 3 — Р120К90 + N60. Установлено, что урожайность зелёной массы зависела от состава травосмеси, укоса и нормы внесения удобрений. В различные по климатическим условиям 2012–2015 годы исследований травосмеси отличались по урожайности. Самый высокий урожай во все годы исследований был получен в первом укосе, что связано с особенностями приморского климата и биологией многолетних трав. Наибольшую урожайность в первый год пользования обеспечили более сложные трёхкомпонентные травосмеси. В сумме за два укоса при внесении полного минерального удобрения (Р120К90 + N60) урожайность зелёной массы травосмеси из овсяницы луговой, клевера лугового и лядвенца рогатого составила 38,5 т/га, травосмеси из тимофеевки луговой, клевера лугового и лядвенца рогатого — 37,9 т/га. Наибольшая урожайность во второй год пользования была получена у трёхкомпонентной травосмеси из тимофеевки луговой, клевера лугового и лядвенца рогатого. При внесении полного минерального удобрения она составила 30,4 т/га. На третий год пользования травостоями наибольшую урожайность обеспечило внесение полного минерального удобрения + N60 после первого укоса под травосмесь из тимофеевки луговой, клевера лугового и лядвенца рогатого. В сумме за три укоса урожайность данной травосмеси составила 35,4 т/га. Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture, Institute of Land Management and Agricultural Technologies, department of Agricultural Technologies 692519, Russia, Primorsky Kray, Ussuriysk, Razdolnaya str., 8a E-mail: [email protected] The field experiment took place at the Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture in 2012–2015. Two-factorial field trial included: factor A — mixtures of perennial grasses: 1 — meadow fescue + red clover; 2 — meadow fescue + birdʼs-foot trefoil; 3 — meadow fescue + red clover + birdʼs-foot trefoil; 4 — common timothy + red clover + birdʼs-foot trefoil; 5 — smooth brome+ birdʼs-foot trefoil; factor В — mineral background: 1 — no fertilizers (control); 2 — Р120К90; 3 — Р120К90 + N60. The highest productivity was observed in the first cut influenced by littoral climate and plant biology. Three-component mixtures provided the highest yield in the first year. Meadow fescue mixed with red clover and birdʼs-foot trefoil produced 38.5 t ha-1 of green mass for two cuts when applying Р120К90 + N60, the mixture of common timothy, red clover and birdʼs-foot trefoil — 37.9 t ha-1. The latter performed the best in the second year. On the background of Р120К90 + N60 its yield amounted to 30.4 t ha-1. Application of Р120К90 + N60 after the first cut resulted in the highest productivity of common timothy combined with red clover and birdʼs-foot trefoil in the third year. This mixture produced 35.4 t ha-1 in total for three cuts.

scholarly journals Results of economically valuable indicators of varieties of children's hornous in the selection nursery in the conditions of the Smolensk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasil'evna Ivanova ◽  
Olga Vasil'evna Kurdakova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Second Year

The article presents the results of a test of new varietal species of baby eagles in a breeding nursery in 2018 - 2019. The options for the first and second year of use were evaluated. The purpose of these studies was to identify the most valuable economic traits of new highly productive varieties for use in further work. Weather and climatic conditions were generally favorable for the wintering and development of plants of horned calves in the spring and summer. During field trials, it was found that in terms of green mass yields in the total over two years of use, the E-25 variant stood out (+ 30.5% to Smolensky 1 standard). Over the entire period of testing, he showed a high and stable increase. It was slightly lower with the E-49 varietomer (+ 24.2%), which showed higher yields in the first year of use than in the second. They also stood out by the yield of air-dry matter (+ 21.4% and + 31.45%, respectively). Such productivity of the plant of horned lamb was shown in the conditions of sowing on slightly acidic loamy soil with a low content of humus, mobile potassium and a high content of phosphorus.

scholarly journals Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses in year of sowing

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Zorica Tomic ◽  
Z. Nesic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Miroslav Zujovic ◽  
M. Vorkapic
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Precipitation Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Cultivars

Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Huds.) was carried out on experimental field of the Institute for Animal Husbandry in year 2005. Trial was set according to random block system, on 10m2, soil type carbonate chernozem. Climatic conditions in year of sowing were at the level of average values for several years for daily temperature, 12,40C compared to 12,10C, and for precipitation difference was even greater 831,6mm compared to average calculated for several years of 645,2mm. Main morphological and phenological traits of plants were investigated, plant growth, height at 1st cut, plant regeneration after 10 days, as well as production of green mass and dry matter. All five cocksfoot cultivars had considerably higher yields per cuts, total (2,12-2,69 t ha-1). Two cultivars of meadow fescue showed no significant difference in yield of dry matter (1,84-2,03 t ha-1), whereas cultivars of tall fescue differed highly significantly in this regard (1,84-1,62 t ha-1). Also, main parameters of plant quality, organic matter, content of crude protein, crude fibre and crude fat in the 2nd cut were determined. Investigated cultivars of cocksfoot and tall fescue differed significantly, whereas cultivars of meadow fescue were very similar. Obtained results were processed using variation statistical methods and mean values were tested using LSD test.

scholarly journals The influence of meteorological conditions on major quantitative and qualitative traits of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojka Maletic ◽  
Radosav Jevdjovic
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Year 2000

The results of two-year investigations of buckwheat raised in agroecological conditions of South Banat (Pancevo) and West Serbia (Gorobilje) are presented in the paper. Based on the obtained investigation data, we confirm the hypothesis that buckwheat is a plant suited to more humid regions, since we have determined higher yield of the plant on locations with higher precipitation amount. During 1999, the yield of buckwheat was higher at the location in Pancevo and the next year at the location in Gorobilje. Also, in the year 2000, values of average plant height, number of seeds per plant and seed mass per plant were higher at the location in Gorobilje, whereas in the year 1999 (first year of investigation), which from the aspect of climatic conditions could be considered as optimal, plant yield and all other investigated parameters were better in case of buckwheat originating from the location in Pancevo. In the year 2000, in regard to the seed proportionally medium fractions were more present, which is, among other things, the result of the influence of higher precipitation amount. In regard to the exploitation value of the seed, better germination was registered for seed produced in 2000 (at both locations), although it had lower mass compared to the seed produced in 1999. Blossoming (blooming) in the first study year at both locations started 5 to 7 days earlier compared to the second year of investigations and lasted 5 to 8 days longer. On the other hand, in the second year of investigations at both locations harvesting started 10 to 12 days earlier compared to the previous year.

scholarly journals Restoration of degraded mountain pastures of the Сentral Сaucasus by targeted sowing of seeds of perennial grasses

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09013
Author(s):  
Eduard Soldatov ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Irina Soldatova ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Main Factor

The unsystematic use of mountain pastures with overgrazing of grasses has led to a change in the ecological balance of agrolandscapes, in which 80-85% of the Central Caucasus lands have turned into a state of varying degrees of degradation. In these cases, an important measure in the restoration of degraded mountain forage lands is the sowing of perennial grasses into sparse grass and on bare soil, which increases stiffness. Therefore, the development and creation of a seeder for targeted seeding of grass mixtures in solving the problem is relevant. The authors of the article have developed a new resource-saving way to improve mountain forage lands using a modernized seeder. Tests and studies were carried out at a mountain hospital, located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavs depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field 85.3 GJ. At the same time, the formation of a dense sod with the accumulation of 104.2 c / ha of root mass is the main factor in the environmental sustainability of mountain agrolandscapes, ensuring environmental safety

Uptake by grass and transfer to soil of nitrogen from 15N-labelled legume materials applied to a Rhodes grass pasture

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Vallis
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Second Year

Unground legume materials labelled with 15N were applied to the soil surface under a Rhodes grass pasture in south-eastern Queensland and the recovery of the applied 15N was followed over periods of 1-3 years. Comparisons were made between two legumes, Macroptiliurn atropurpureurn cv. Siratro and Desrnodiurn intorturn cv. Greenleaf, between leaf and stem materials of different nitrogen (N) concentrations (0.5-3.8% N), and between fresh and dried materials. After 1 year, 15N in the applied materials had decreased by 25-91%, and 7-25% was recovered in the Rhodes grass. Except for leaf material of Greenleaf, these changes showed a positive, non-linear relationship to the percentage of N (%N) in the applied materials. The changes for leaves of Greenleaf were less than would be predicted from their %N. Drying Siratro leaves and stems before applying them to the soil surface did not significantly affect the above changes. For N-poor materials (0.5-1.8% N) applied at 380-1360 g dry matter m-2, uptake of 15N by Rhodes grass was greater in the second year than in the first year, whereas for N-rich materials (3.8%N) applied at 140 g dry matter m-2 uptake of 15N in the second and third years was only 23 and 12% respectively of that in the first year.

Studies on the Reproductive Biology of Leafy Spurge (Euphoriba esula)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Field Plots

Studies on the development of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) were conducted in the field and growth room. Sixteen months after planting in field plots, leafy spurge plants arising from underground bud-producing root segments, transplanted seedlings, or seeds averaged 96, 83, and 136 shoots per plant, respectively, when grown free of interference from other vegetation. A number of plants arising from each source flowered the first year, and all plants flowered and produced seed the second year after planting. When grown in a perennial grass sod consisting of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.] and smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.), no plant flowered or produced additional shoots. Soil moisture was less where a dense sod was present. In the growth room, total dry matter of tops and roots was greatest at a soil temperature of 18.3 C or higher, and plant height was greatest at 33.3 C. An early emerging crop might suppress leafy spurge by utilizing the available soil moisture early in the growing season.

Soil seed bank and growth rates of an invasive species, Piper aduncum, in the lowlands of Papua New Guinea

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard M. Rogers ◽  
Alfred E. Hartemink
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Piper Aduncum

Secondary fallow vegetation in parts of the Papua New Guinea lowlands is dominated by the shrub Piper aduncum L. that originates from South America. Here we report on its seed bank, growth rate and biomass accumulation. P. aduncum accounted for 69 % (408 m−2) of the seed bank in the forest and 53 % (1559 m−2) of the seed bank under fallow. About 90 % of the tree seed bank at the fallow site was dominated by P. aduncum whereas this was 78 % in the forest soil. Two-year-old P. aduncum had grown to 4.5 m height and had accumulated 48 Mg dry matter (DM) per ha of above ground biomass. The rate of biomass accumulation increased from 10 Mg DM ha−1 y−1 in the first year to 40 Mg DM ha−1 y−1 in the second year when 76 % of the biomass consisted of mainstems. The highest growth rate of 134 kg DM ha−1 d−1 occurred when P. aduncum was 17-mo-old. Aggressive invasion and monospecific stands of P. aduncum are explained by its dominance in the seed bank, fast growth, and high rates of biomass accumulation. P. aduncum is a major competitor to indigenous tree species and presents a threat to Papua New Guinea's rich biodiversity.

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