scholarly journals INVERTEBRATE SPECIES COMPOSITION (Invertebrata) PESTS OF AGROCENOSES OF WHITE CLOVER (Trifolium repens L.) AND THE RELEVANCE OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Invertebrate Animal ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
And Control

The area of natural growth and the scale of economic use of white clover among perennial legumes are spatially one of the most global. Due to the constant presence of wild white clover in many natural phyto-cenoses of most agricultural landscapes of different geographical zones, a certain complex of phytophages has evolved from various classes of invertebrate animal organisms that feed on various parts of this plant and reproduce on it. With the introduction of white clover into the culture and the spread of production crops of this plant over large areas, more favorable conditions are created for uncontrolled mass re-production of pests, which can cause already economically and economically significant crop losses. White clover is affected by multi-eating and specialized pests, the damage from which is determined by their biological characteristics and climatic conditions. The high population of white clover crops with a complex of herbivorous invertebrates implies constant monitoring and control of the species composition of the harmful fauna of white clover crops in order to organize, if necessary, protective measures against them. This issue is especially relevant for seed crops. The main pests of seed stands are considered to be weevils of the genera Apion Herbs., Phytonomus Herbs., Sitona Germar., Hypera Germar., which can re-duce seed yield by 50% or more. To reduce the economic losses of the crop on white clover, an integrated protection system should be implemented using chemical, biological and agrotechnical pest control meas-ures based on taking into account their economic harmfulness thresholds. One of the important directions of increasing the efficiency of the production use of white clover is the development of varieties of this crop that are resistant to damage by pathogenic organisms and pests.

scholarly journals Early warning of changing drinking water quality by trend analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Tomperi ◽  
Esko Juuso ◽  
Kauko Leiviskä
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Control

Monitoring and control of water treatment plants play an essential role in ensuring high quality drinking water and avoiding health-related problems or economic losses. The most common quality variables, which can be used also for assessing the efficiency of the water treatment process, are turbidity and residual levels of coagulation and disinfection chemicals. In the present study, the trend indices are developed from scaled measurements to detect warning signs of changes in the quality variables of drinking water and some operating condition variables that strongly affect water quality. The scaling is based on monotonically increasing nonlinear functions, which are generated with generalized norms and moments. Triangular episodes are classified with the trend index and its derivative. Deviation indices are used to assess the severity of situations. The study shows the potential of the described trend analysis as a predictive monitoring tool, as it provides an advantage over the traditional manual inspection of variables by detecting changes in water quality and giving early warnings.

scholarly journals Investigation of Greenhouse Monitoring and Control System

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Tetiana Sahaidak ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Huzynets
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Unsuitable climatic conditions, various natural disasters and instability and unpredictability of the weather significantly complicate cultivation, and sometimes make it even impossible. To ensure the best conditions for cultivation and the highest yields, farmers began to use greenhouses. However, in our hectic lives, people are constantly busy with something and there is no enough time. Long trips, business trips, vacations are also possible. It is becoming increasingly difficult to provide the necessary conditions for plants to grow on their own. That is why the Internet of Things has been so successfully integrated with agriculture that it has led to the emergence of automated or intelligent greenhouses. The article attempts to analyze the types of greenhouse monitoring and control system, their technical characteristics, principles of operation and basic requirements for these systems. According to the results of the study, the best smart greenhouses have been selected. The main functions of automated greenhouses have been described. Selection criteria have been determined and a comparative analysis of the most popular products available on the market.

New associations of phoretic mites on Pityokteines curvidens (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Pernek ◽  
Stefan Wirth ◽  
Stacy Blomquist ◽  
Dimitrios Avtzis ◽  
John Moser
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
New Associations ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe species composition and abundance of phoretic mites of the bark beetle Pityokteines curvidens caught in pheromone traps were investigated in Croatia. The P. curvidens trapping programs have been in an experimental phase in Croatia since 2004 as a possible monitoring and control system. The trapping program also permits the opportunity to sample phoretic mites found associated with the beetles. Beetles were caught using Curviwit pheromones in Theysohn traps placed in the Litorić region of Croatia. A total of 12 mite species were recovered, including Schizostethus simulatrix, Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Histiostoma piceae, H. cf. varia, Paraleius leontonychus, Pleuronectocelaeno barbara, Tarsonemus minimax, Trichouropoda lamellosa, Uroobovella ipidis, Schwiebea sp., Phauloppia lucorum and Dolicheremaeus dorni. Five species, Pl. barbara, Schwiebea sp., H. cf. varia, Ph. lucorum and Do. dorni, are identified for the first time in association with P. curvidens. These findings increase the number of mite species known to be phoretic on P. curvidens from 11 to 16. The present study also increases the number of known mite associates of Pityokteines spp. from 14 to 18.

scholarly journals Study on the Potential Distribution of Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Its Natural Enemy Picromerus bidens Under Climate Change

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Gao ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Jiufeng Wei ◽  
Hufang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
And Control

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), scientifically known as Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is a destructive quarantine pest that has invaded more than 40 countries and regions worldwide. It causes a 20–100% reduction in plant production, leading to severe economic losses. Picromerus bidens L. is a predatory insect that preys on CPB. This study used the MaxEnt model to predict the current and future potential distribution areas of CPB and P. bidens under different climatic scenarios to determine the possibility of using P. bidens as a natural enemy to control CPB. The possible introduction routes of CPB and P. bidens were subsequently predicted by combining their potential distribution with the current distribution of airports and ports. Notably, the potential distribution area of P. bidens was similar to that of CPB, suggesting that P. bidens could be used as a natural enemy to control CPB. Future changes in the suitable growth areas of CPB under different climate scenarios increased and decreased but were insignificant, while those of P. bidens decreased. Consequently, a reduction of the suitable habitats of P. bidens may cause a decrease in its population density, leading to a lack of adequate and timely prevention and control of invasive pests. Active measures should thus be enacted to minimize global warming and protect biodiversity. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for early warning, monitoring, and control of the CPB spread.

Smuggling reduction of gas cylinders through the implementation of radio frequency identification technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Marco David Revelo ◽  
Victor Javier Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gas Cylinders

Ecuador subsidizes fuels, the problem with this benefit is that, many citizens are dedicated to illegally market these resources in border cities, among these fuels there are the cylinders of liquefied petroleum gas; the existing fragile control greatly benefits smuggling, representing a loss of resources for Ecuador.   There is no subsidy in neighboring countries such as Peru and Colombia, and unfortunately some citizens have chosen to engage in illegal fuel marketing, generating economic losses for the country. The actual cost of a 15 kilo gas cylinder is 12.00 dollars, however, it is sold at 1.60 dollar. It means that the government subsidizes 89% of the price of gas, with barely 11% being paid by consumers. (Diario el Comercio, 2013)   People who take advantage of the poor control of illegal marketing, reduce the number of cylinders in border areas of Ecuador and therefore increase the price, this situation has generated inconveniences for Ecuadorian citizens when they can not acquire gas cylinders. Currently, given the advance of technology in particular of microelectronics, it is very common to use portable electronic devices such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identifier) tags, for this project the active labels of 2.4 GHz allow the unique identification of each gas cylinder, as well as the portability of the information and the relation of belonging between gas cylinders and citizens, facilitating their monitoring and control.

scholarly journals A Revisit of Internet of Things Technologies for Monitoring and Control Strategies in Smart Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Amjad Rehman ◽  
Tanzila Saba ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Suliman Mohamed Fati ◽  
Saeed Ali Bahaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Face ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
And Control

With the rise of new technologies, such as the Internet of Things, raising the productivity of agricultural and farming activities is critical to improving yields and cost-effectiveness. IoT, in particular, can improve the efficiency of agriculture and farming processes by eliminating human intervention through automation. The fast rise of Internet of Things (IoT)-based tools has changed nearly all life sectors, including business, agriculture, surveillance, etc. These radical developments are upending traditional agricultural practices and presenting new options in the face of various obstacles. IoT aids in collecting data that is useful in the farming sector, such as changes in climatic conditions, soil fertility, amount of water required for crops, irrigation, insect and pest detection, bug location disruption of creatures to the sphere, and horticulture. IoT enables farmers to effectively use technology to monitor their forms remotely round the clock. Several sensors, including distributed WSNs (wireless sensor networks), are utilized for agricultural inspection and control, which is very important due to their exact output and utilization. In addition, cameras are utilized to keep an eye on the field from afar. The goal of this research is to evaluate smart agriculture using IoT approaches in depth. The paper demonstrates IoT applications, benefits, current obstacles, and potential solutions in smart agriculture. This smart agricultural system aims to find existing techniques that may be used to boost crop yield and save time, such as water, pesticides, irrigation, crop, and fertilizer management.

Computers for data, control and simulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computers ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Data Control ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control

Personal computers (PCs) are a powerful resource in the EM Laboratory, both as a means of automating the monitoring and control of microscopes, and as a tool for quantifying the interpretation of data. Not only is a PC more versatile than a piece of dedicated data logging equipment, but it is also substantially cheaper. In this tutorial the practical principles of using a PC for these types of activities will be discussed.The PC can form the basis of a system to measure, display, record and store the many parameters which characterize the operational conditions of the EM. In this mode it is operating as a data logger. The necessary first step is to find a suitable source from which to measure each of the items of interest. It is usually possible to do this without having to make permanent corrections or modifications to the EM.

Fertiliser evenness - losses and costs: A study on the economic benefits of uniform applications of fertiliser

1999 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Horrell ◽  
A.K. Metherell ◽  
S. Ford ◽  
C. Doscher
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Seed Crops

Over two million tonnes of fertiliser are applied to New Zealand pastures and crops annually and there is an increasing desire by farmers to ensure that the best possible economic return is gained from this investment. Spreading distribution measurements undertaken by Lincoln Ventures Ltd (LVL) have identified large variations in the evenness of fertiliser application by spreading machines which could lead to a failure to achieve optimum potential in some crop yields and to significant associated economic losses. To quantify these losses, a study was undertaken to calculate the effect of uneven fertiliser application on crop yield. From LVL's spreader database, spread patterns from many machines were categorised by spread pattern type and by coefficient of variation (CV). These patterns were then used to calculate yield losses when they were combined with the response data from five representative cropping and pastoral situations. Nitrogen fertiliser on ryegrass seed crops shows significant production losses at a spread pattern CV between 30% and 40%. For P and S on pasture, the cumulative effect of uneven spreading accrues, until there is significant economic loss occurring by year 3 for both the Waikato dairy and Southland sheep and beef systems at CV values between 30% and 40%. For nitrogen on pasture, significant loss in a dairy system occurs at a CV of approximately 40% whereas for a sheep and beef system it is at a CV of 50%, where the financial return from nitrogen application has been calculated at the average gross revenue of the farming system. The conclusion of this study is that the current Spreadmark standards are a satisfactory basis for defining the evenness requirements of fertiliser applications in most circumstances. On the basis of Spreadmark testing to date, more than 50% of the national commercial spreading fleet fails to meet the standard for nitrogenous fertilisers and 40% fails to meet the standard for phosphatic fertilisers.Keywords: aerial spreading, crop response, economic loss, fertiliser, ground spreading, striping, uneven application, uneven spreading, yield loss

The magnitude and cost of groundwater monitoring and control in agriculture.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Giannoccaro ◽  
Armando Ursitti ◽  
Maurizio Prosperi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
And Control
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