scholarly journals SYMBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF BLACK MEDIC OF THE MIRA VARIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rhizobium Strain ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
State Register ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Symbiotic Properties

The first Russian variety of black medic of the Mira was created and included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. The study of the symbiotic properties of this variety showed that the most promising strains for pre-sowing inoculation were LX1 and 412b, the first increased the collection of dry matter and seeds by 96 and 115%, and the second – by 81 and 73%, respectively. Both strains can be used when cultivating this variety for feed and seeds. Inoculation with the LX6 strain increased seed productivity by 84%. Strains LX2, LX5 and LX6 increase the adaptive ability of varieties of the Mira, shifting the metabolism of the alfalfa-rhizobial system towards increasing seed productivity. The proportion of seeds in plants inoculated with the above-mentioned strains increases to 24–31% of the total plant weight, and in other symbiotic systems this indicator was 19–22%. Strain LX1 was isolated from nodules of plants belonging to the same population on the basis of which the Mira variety was created and it is the most genetically complementary to this variety. The yield of black medic of the Mira variety without inoculation for two years of use was 3.3 t/ha of dry matter, 0.67 t/ha of seeds. Pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with the LX1 strain increased the yield of this variety to 6.48 t/ha (+96%) of dry matter and seeds – to 1.44 t/ha (+115%). In the vegetation experiment, inoculation with the rhizobium strain LX1 significantly increased the height of plants by 4.2 cm, the leaf area by 0.69 cm2 (+49%), productivity by 176%. The total nitrogen content in the aboveground part of the plants reached 3.63%, the roots 3.31%, the control indicators were 3.02 and 2.77%, respectively.

Effects of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar and rhizobium strain on plant growth, seed yield and nitrogen content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Buttery ◽  
S-J. Park ◽  
P. van Berkum
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rhizobium Strain ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Strain Interaction

The common bean is generally regarded as a relatively inefficient fixer of nitrogen. Information on the relative importance of host cultivar and rhizobium strain would be useful in guiding a breeding program to improve nitrogen fixation in common bean. Seventeen cultivars of common bean (15 of Meso-American and 2 of Andean origin, differing in nodulation potential, maturity, growth habit and market class) were investigated for symbiotic compatibility with 10 genetically diverse strains of bean rhizobia. In a greenhouse (27/22 °C), five sets of 170 pots were replicated over time: three sets were harvested after 30 d for determination of acetylene reduction activity, plant dry weights, and nitrogen content; two replications were grown to maturity for determination of seed dry weight and nitrogen content. There were highly significant effects of both strain and cultivar on most measured characteristics, but there was no interaction between cultivar and strain. Italian Barlotti produced the greatest plant weight after 30 d, but its final seed yield did not differ significantly from that of the highest yielding cv. BAT271. The strain TAL182 was associated with the greatest plant weight at 30 d, but the final seed yield associated with it was less than that of the most productive strain USDA9001. Strain USDA 2667 was characterized as type I by determination of its 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence. The nodules of plants in symbiosis with strains of type IIB had high levels (8.1%) of nitrogen and high levels (227 µmol g−1 h−1) of acetylene reduction activity (ARR). Nodules occupied by strains of type IIA and the type I USDA2667 had intermediate levels of nitrogen (6.9%) and ARR (166 µmol g−1 h−1), while nodules occupied by type 1 strains had low levels of nitrogen (5.2%) and ARR (144 µmol g−1 h−1). Screening of lines, parents and other breeding materials for improved N-fixation may be achieved with any effective strain since no host × strain interaction was detected. Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, rhizobium strains, cultivar × strain interaction

A quantitative study of the effects of gibberellic acid on the growth of Festuca arundinacea

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation

Single plants of Festuca arundinacea (cv. S170) were treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and the sequence of effects on the growth of the whole plant and of various organs followed by means of growth analysis. The first effect of GA was to change the distribution of dry matter between shoot and root and between tillers within the shoot without affecting total plant weight. Shoot growth was increased and resulted in a larger amount of photosynthetic tissue with a higher net assimilation rate; total plant weight increased as a consequence of these effects. The significance of these results in interpreting previous work on the effects of GA on dry matter production in grasses and other plants is discussed.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Integrasi Pupuk NPK Dengan Waktu Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Pada Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yance N Ayal ◽  
Henry Kesaulya ◽  
Francina Matulessy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

This research was aimed to get the optimum NPK fertilizer dosage with the time of liquid organic fertilizer application to support the growth and yield of pakcoy (Brassica rappa L.). The study used a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Observation variables included plant height, leaf number, leaf area, total plant weight, root length, root weight and total plant weight percentage. The results showed that N0 (without NPK fertilizer) was the best based on the plant height and leaf number. Liquid organic fertilizer given at 3-time applications per plant (W3) contributed significantly to leaf number at 35 days after planting and gave the highest yield of leaves, with 17,45 leaves. The treatment of NPK compound fertilizer dosage with the time of liquid organic fertilizer gave significant effects on the leaf area, total plant weight, root length, and root weight. Keywords: liquid organic fertilizer, NPK, pakcoy   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk NPK dengan waktu plikasi pupuk organik cair yang tepat untuk menunjang pertumbuhan danp roduksi tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rappa L.). Penelitian mengunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Peubah-peubah pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, berat total tanaman, panjang akar, berat akar dan persentase berat total tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan N0 (tanpa pupuk NPK) merupakan yang terbaik dari penelitian ini terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun. Waktu pemberian pupuk organik cair 3 kali/tanaman (perlakuan W3) memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap jumlah daun 35 hari setelah tanam dan menghasilkan daun terbanyak dengan jumlah 17,45 helai. Perlakuan dosis pupuk majemuk NPK dengan waktu pemberian pupuk organik cair memberikan pengaruh yang nyata sampai sangat nyata terhadap luas daun, berat total tanaman, panjang akar serta berat akar. Kata kunci: NPK, pakcoy, pupuk organik cair

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PROMISING BREEDING SAMPLES OF MEADOW CLOVER IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING ACCORDING TO THE MAIN ECONOMICALLY USEFUL CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
V.A. Korelina ◽  
◽  
O.B. Batakova ◽  
I.V. Zobnina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
The State ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
State Register ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Variety Testing

Each region is characterized by a certain set of natural conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to have varieties of forage crops that can realize soil and climatic potential of the zone and are resistant to various possible stress factors. The purpose of the research is: study the variety samples of meadow clover according to the complex of economically useful characteristics in the competitive variety testing; identify the most promising ones in the conditions of the European North of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in 2017, 2018 and 2019 at the experimental field of FSUE “Kotlasskoe”, which is located in the south-east of the Arkhangelsk region. Such breeding methods as selection, hybridization, creation of complex hybrid synthetic populations were used to create the studied variety samples. The studies were carried out according to the guidelines of the Federal Research Center “VNIIK named after V. R. Williams” and methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops (under the general editorship of Fedin M. A.). Soil of the experimental plots is weakly podzolic clay, medium cultivated on Permian clays. Mid-early diploid variety ‘Niva’ was used as a standard. The experiment was laid on a bare fallow; four-fold replication. Sowing was carried out with a SKS-6-10 seeder. Variety samples were evaluated according to a set of biological and agricultural characteristics: winter hardiness, vegetation period per mowing mass, plant height, leafiness, dry matter collection, protein content, protein collection, seed productivity. Agrometeorological conditions during the years of research were different, which allowed us to obtain more reliable results in assessing studied breeding material. All presented promising breeding samples exceeded the standard one in terms of the studied basic economic and biological characteristics. According to each studied indicator, we selected the best varieties. On average, over the years of research, a comprehensive assessment allowed us to identify the most valuable varieties that can form stable feed and increased seed productivity in northern conditions. They are K-2003, SD-289, K-1809, K-1556, ‘Taezhnik’. Winter hardiness of these samples varied from 84 to 94 %, dry matter collection – from 9.0 to 9.9 t/ha, seed yield – from 256 to 309 kg/ha, protein collection – from 1.26 to 1.35 t/ha. Variety ‘Taezhnik’ was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2020 for the 2nd region.

scholarly journals Growth of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) plants affected by salinity and substrate

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Liliana Flórez ◽  
Diego Miranda Lasprilla ◽  
Bernardo Chaves ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Stsnislav Magnitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The effects of 0, 30 and 60 mM NaCl and substrates (red peat, sand or 3:1:1 [w/w] mixture of peat, sand, or soil) on vegetative growth of lulo, an Andean fruit species, during 12 weeks were studied. The experiment was carried out by using 2000 cm³ of polypropylene plastic pots under greenhouse conditions. Plant height, number of leaves and nodes, leaf area, total plant dry matter (DM), and shoot/root ratio were evaluated. With the increase of salt concentration, the plant height, the number of leaves and nodes, the leaf areas and plant dry mass DM decreased, whereas shoot/root ratio increased. Sand grown lulo plants were most affected by salinity and presented total mortality at 60 mM NaCl. On the other hand, plants held either in peat or in substrate mixture developed larger height, greater leaf and node numbers, higher leaf area and dry matter content. Shoot/root ratio in control (soil) and sand-grown plants (30 mM NaCl) was lower.

scholarly journals The effect of graded doses of selenium in the soil on yield–forming parameters and Se content in potatoes

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jůzl ◽  
Jaroslav Hlušek ◽  
Petr Elzner ◽  
Tomáš Lošák
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Forming Parameters ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Hill

In 2004 and 2005 we explored the effect of graded doses of selenium in the soil (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 kg Se.ha – 1) on yield–forming parameters (total plant weight, number of stems per hill, number of tubers per hill and hectare yields) in two varieties of potatoes of different vegetation periods. The content of selenium as an important anti–oxidant was monitored in potato tubers and tops. Selenium in the form of sodium selenite was applied in the respective doses into the soil before planting the potatoes. Samples for growth and chemical analyses were taken after 90 and 99 days of vegetation (variety Karin and Ditta, respectively). Increasing doses of selenium had a negative effect on most of the yield–forming parameters. With an increasing dose of Se the hectare yields as well as the number of tubers in the hill and total weight of the plant decreased. Chemical analyses were performed using the AAS method and showed that the concentration of selenium in the individual parts of the potato plant increased with increasing Se doses in the soil. The content of selenium in tubers of the variant Se72 (4.13 mg Se.kg – 1 of dry matter) increased as much as 20 times when compared to the control (0.22 mg Se.kg – 1 of dry matter).

scholarly journals RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA PELO DOSSEL DO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO POR ASPERSÃO

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Jose Alves Junior ◽  
Pedro Marques da Silveira ◽  
Luiz Fernando Stone ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ribeiro da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Bean Leaves

 O conhecimento da retenção de água pela parte aérea das plantas é importante para fins de manejo da irrigação e quimigação (alvo folha). Este trabalho objetivou estimar o volume de água por hectare retido no dossel da cultura do feijoeiro sob uma lâmina de irrigação aplicada via pivô central. Foi semeada a cultivar de feijão Pérola, nos períodos de verão, outono e inverno, no espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas, com 15 sementes por metro. As avaliações foram realizadas em 10 plantas, em cinco estádios fenológicos. A quantidade de água retida nas folhas das plantas foi estimada pela diferença de massa após secagem com compressor de ar. A área foliar foi avaliada em cada amostragem utilizando o medidor LICOR, modelo 3100. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Os resultados mostraram que conhecido o índice de área foliar (IAF) é possível estimar o volume de água retida no dossel do feijoeiro (V, L ha-1) utilizando a expressão, V= 648,12*IAF. A aplicação da lâmina média de água de 8,1 mm proporcionou perdas médias de água por interceptação foliar de aproximadamente 2,5%.   UNITERMOS: Phaseolus vulgaris, área foliar, manejo da irrigação, pivô central.     ALVES JUNIOR, J.; SILVEIRA, P. M. da; STONE, L. F.; CUNHA, P. C. R. da. CANOPY WATER RETENTION OF BEAN IRRIGATED BY SPRINKLER SYSTEM     2ABSTRACT    Knowing the amount of water retained by common bean leaves is important for irrigation and chemigation purposes. This study was carried out in order to estimate the volume of water retained in common bean leaves per unit area (ha), under a center pivot irrigation depth. Pérola common bean cultivar was sown in the  summer, autumn and winter crop season at 0.45 m between rows and 15 plants per meter. 10 plants were measured at five phenological stages. The amount of water retained in the bean leaves was obtained by the difference between total plant weight (measured after irrigation) and dry plant weight (measured after drying with air). The total plant leaf area was evaluated for each sampling period using a leaf area meter LICOR, model 3100. Data were submitted to regression analyses. Results indicated that the water retained in bean leaves (V, L ha-1) can be estimated using a leaf area index (V=648.12*LAI). The application of average water depth of 8.1 mm allowed 2.5% of average water losses by foliar interception.   KEYWORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris, leaf area, irrigation management, central pivot.  

scholarly journals Plant Growth Response of Two Runner Peanut Cultivars to Reduced Seeding Rate1

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tewolde ◽  
M. C. Black ◽  
C. J. Fernandez ◽  
A. M. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growth Adjustment ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract The ability of peanut plants to adjust to wide plant-to-plant spacing and the use of more precise mechanical planters have not been thoroughly exploited to reduce seeding rates. The magnitude of plant growth adjustment of two runner peanut cultivars to reduced seeding rate was studied in 1992 and 1993. A precision vacuum planter was used to plant the cultivars GK-7 and Southern Runner (SR) in single rows per bed at 8, 12, and 22 seed/m2. Total plant dry matter weight (TDM), leaf area (LA), and main stem height, nodes, and branches were measured six times during each season. Vegetative growth adjustment to reduced seeding rate was detected as early as 52 d after planting (DAP) in 1992 and 42 DAP in 1993. Plants fully adjusted to reduced seeding rate when they began forming pods at 70 DAP in 1992 and 75 DAP in 1993. By this stage, individual plants in the 8 seed/m2 treatment accumulated 2 to 2.7 times as much total dry matter (TDM) as plants in the 22 seed/m2, and all seeding treatments within each cultivar accumulated equivalent amounts of TDM on a unit ground area basis. The 8 seed/m2 treatment produced significantly greater TDM/m2 and leaf area index (LAI) than the 22 seed/m2 treatment by the end of both seasons (132 DAP in 1992 and 152 DAP in 1993). The partitioning of dry weight to pods and leaves was also greatest for the 8 seed/m2 seeding treatment. By the end of the season, the 8 seed/ m2 seeding treatment produced as much as 30% more pod dry weight (PDW) per m2 than the 22 seed/m2 treatment. Plants in the 8 seed/m2 seeding were significantly shorter but produced more main stem nodes and branches than the 22 seed/m2 seeding. Under the conditions of this study, plants of these runner cultivars showed the capacity to grow larger and compensate fully for reduced seeding rate before any measurable pod production began. Pod production, therefore, was not reduced and in some situations increased by reducing the seeding rate to as low as 8 seed/m2.

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN THE GROWTH OF BANANAS (MUSA SPP.) INFECTED WITH MIGRATORY ENDOPARASITIC NEMATODES. 2. SHOOTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. KALORIZOU ◽  
S. R. GOWEN ◽  
T. R. WHEELER
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Overall Resistance

In order to identify the effect of burrowing nematodes on the shoots (pseudostem and leaves) of banana plants and to determine whether or not shoot characteristics are associated with plant resistance to nematodes two experiments were conducted in controlled conditions within polytunnels. The banana plants were harvested on three occasions for the measurement of root morphology and biomass. Varieties differed in their resistance to nematodes from resistant (Yg Km5, FHIA 17, FHIA 03) and partly resistant (FHIA 01, FHIA 25) to not resistant (FHIA 23, Williams). Nematodes reduced total plant dry weight at the first harvest in Experiment 1 and by an average of 8.8% in Experiment 2, but did not affect leaf area in either experiment. The ratio of above-ground weight to total plant weight was reduced from 75% to 72% in nematode-infected plants compared with the control plants for all varieties tested in Experiment 1, but was only reduced in FHIA 25 and FHIA 23 in Experiment 2. Varieties differed in above-ground growth. The FHIA varieties had greater shoot weights and leaf area than YgKm5 and Williams. Overall, resistance to nematodes was associated with the partitioning of a greater proportion of biomass to the roots than to above-ground parts

Manipulation of leaf area and its effect on grain yield in droughted wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency

Modification of crop leaf area could have considerable consequences on grain yield where soil water is limited. To test this, leaf area was artificially reduced to examine the effect on three wheat cultivars in two different drought situations-one where all the water was supplied just prior to sowing, and the other where half of the water was supplied before sowing and half after sowing on eight separate occasions. Leaf area was modified by detillering and two leaf-cutting treatments, Plants were grown individually in pots 1 m tall by 0.1 m diameter at a crop density of 100 plants/m2. Leaf area and water use were measured weekly for all plants, and at maturity the yields of grain, straw and leaves, and the yield components, were measured. The defoliation treatments reduced total cumulative leaf area by about one-half. This in turn reduced the rate of early water use and resulted in the highest grain yields and harvest indices. The ratio of leaf weight to total plant weight was inversely associated with yield both within and across treatments, suggesting an excessive investment in leaves. This was also indicated in an adjacent experiment where the same cultivars, watered daily, had a similar leaf weight to that of the droughted plants, yet yielded considerably more grain. Water use efficiency (the ratio of above-ground dry weight to total water used) also had a significant influence on grain yield. These results suggest that it may be worth while modifying leaf area development in wheat genetically to improve yields under some dryland conditions.

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