Serum Total Calcium, Phosphorus, 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, and Endochondral Ossification Defects in Commercial Broiler Chickens

Abstract Background Progressive loss of kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to altered mineral homeostasis, reflected by the imbalance in calcium and phosphorus, and has been associated with progression of renal failure. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD)-associated candidate variables and its relationship with parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as to quantify the prevalence of CKD-associated mineral disturbances in nondialyzed CKD patients. Study Design, Materials, and Methods This cross-sectional analytical study included 124 CKD patients and 157 control participants. Blood samples were analyzed for serum total calcium, phosphorus, PTH, electrolytes, and other hematological/hemodynamic parameters by standard methods. Suitable descriptive statistics was used for different variables. Results The 124 patients had a mean age of 50.2 ± 7.8 years with male to female ratio of 1.58; majority of patients had stage 3 CKD (40.32%), and the most common comorbid conditions were diabetes mellitus ( n = 78 [62.9%]) and hypertension ( n = 63 [50.8%]). A high prevalence of mineral metabolite abnormalities was observed in a patient cohort; overall prevalence of hyperparathyroidism was found in 57.25% patients, hypocalcemia in 61.29%, and hyperphosphatemia in 82.25% patients. Prevalence of abnormal homeostasis (with regard to total calcium, phosphate, and PTH) increased progressively with the severity of disease (analysis of variance; p < 0.05). Significant differences in the mean values of total calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and PTH were seen compared with healthy participants ( p < 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between serum PTH with serum phosphorous ( R 2: 0.33; p < 0.0001), serum creatinine ( R 2: 0.084; p < 0.0259), serum potassium ( R 2: 0.068; p < 0.0467), and a significant negative correlation with serum total calcium ( R 2: 0.37; p < 0.0001). Conclusions CKD patients are at risk of or may already have developed secondary hyperparathyroidism apparent from PTH-linked derangements in mineral metabolism in predialysis CKD patients. These abnormalities start in early stages of CKD and worsen with disease progression. This accentuates the significance of early recognition of mineral bone disorder, understanding its pathophysiological consequences and scheduling necessary interventions/management strategies to protect the CKD patients from a plethora of complications.

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Neuropsychological dysfunction in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and its relationship with intracranial calcification and serum total calcium

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-12-0946 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 168 (6) ◽

pp. 895-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Sameer Aggarwal ◽

Suparna Kailash ◽

Rajesh Sagar ◽

Manjari Tripathi ◽

Vishnubhatla Sreenivas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Intracranial Calcification ◽

Limited Information ◽

Total Calcium ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neuropsychological Dysfunction ◽

Serum Total Calcium ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Calcium Phosphorus

BackgroundThere is limited information on neuropsychological and neurological dysfunctions in patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IH).ObjectiveTo assess neuropsychological and neurological dysfunctions in IH and its associated factors in a cross-sectional design.MethodNeuropsychological functions were assessed in 62 patients with IH and 70 controls using a battery of cognitive tests. Neurological assessment included extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs. Assessment of intracranial calcification and volume of basal ganglia calcification (BGC) were made on computed tomography and of calcium control by averaging serum total calcium values available during the follow-up.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of patients with IH showed neuropsychological dysfunctions than controls (32.3 (95% CI: 20.9–45.3) vs 5.7% (95% CI: 1.6–14.0), P<0.001). Neurological signs were present in 35.5% patients (extrapyramidal: 16.1%; cerebellar: 20.9%). Volume of BGC and number of sites with intracranial calcifications including cerebellum/dentate were comparable in patients with and without neuropsychological, extrapyramidal or cerebellar dysfunctions. Cognitive dysfunction score was lower by 1.7 points in males than in females (P=0.02) and increased by 0.21 and 5.5 for each year increase in the duration of illness (P=0.001) and one unit increase in serum calcium–phosphorus product (P=0.01) respectively. The scores improved by 0.27 for every mg% increase in serum calcium (P=0.001).ConclusionNeuropsychological dysfunctions are present in up to one-third of patients with IH and correlate with duration of illness, female gender, serum calcium and calcium–phosphorus product during follow-up but not with intracranial calcification. These dysfunctions may affect their daily functions, safety and drug compliance.

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Pathogenicity of local identified NDV strain related to genotype VII to 28 day old commercial broiler chickens

MOJ Applied Bionics and Biomechanics ◽

10.15406/mojabb.2018.02.00075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

MM Amer

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Genotype Vii

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Pathogenicity of local identified NDV strain related to genotype VII to 28 day old commercial broiler chickens

MOJ Bioequivalence & Bioavailability ◽

10.15406/mojbb.2018.05.00107 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed M Amer ◽

Hagar M Ahmed ◽

Khaled M Elbayoumi ◽

Mohamed A Kutkat

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Genotype Vii

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The Interplay between Campylobacter and the Caecal Microbial Community of Commercial Broiler Chickens over Time

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

Ilaria Patuzzi ◽

Massimiliano Orsini ◽

Veronica Cibin ◽

Sara Petrin ◽

Eleonora Mastrorilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Control Measures ◽

Microbial Network ◽

Gut Colonization ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Zoonotic Bacteria ◽

Human Infections

Campylobacter is the most frequent foodborne zoonotic bacteria worldwide, with chicken meat being overwhelmingly the most important reservoir for human infections. Control measures implemented at the farm level (i.e., biosecurity or vaccination), which have been successfully applied to limit other pathogens, such as Salmonella, have not been effective in reducing Campylobacter occurrence. Thus, new approaches are needed to fully understand the ecological interactions of Campylobacter with host animals to effectively comprehend its epidemiology. The objective of this study was to analyse longitudinally the gut microbiota composition of Campylobacter-infected and non-infected farms to identify any difference that could potentially be indicative of gut colonization by Campylobacter spp. Differences in the colonization rate and timing were observed at the farms that became positive for Campylobacter jejuni over the investigated time points, even though in positive tests, the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni gut colonization was not observed before the second week of the life of the birds. Significant differences were observed in the abundances of specific bacterial taxa between the microbiota of individuals belonging to farms that became Campylobacter positive during the study and those who remained negative with particular reference to Bacteroidales and Clostridiales, respectively. Moreover, Campylobacter colonization dramatically influenced the microbiota richness, although to a different extent depending on the infection timing. Finally, a key role of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus genera on the Campylobacter microbial network was observed. Understanding the ecology of the Campylobacter interaction with host microbiota during infection could support novel approaches for broiler microbial barrier restoration. Therefore, evidence obtained through this study can be used to identify options to reduce the incidence of infection at a primary production level based on the targeted influence of the intestinal microbiota, thus helping develop new control strategies in order to mitigate the risk of human exposure to Campylobacter by chicken meat consumption.

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Investigation of allele specific expression in various tissues of broiler chickens using the detection tool VADT

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83459-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Joseph Tomlinson ◽

Shawn W. Polson ◽

Jing Qiu ◽

Juniper A. Lake ◽

William Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Allele Specific Expression ◽

Detection Tool ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Significant Phenomenon ◽

Allele Specific

AbstractDifferential abundance of allelic transcripts in a diploid organism, commonly referred to as allele specific expression (ASE), is a biologically significant phenomenon and can be examined using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from RNA-seq. Quantifying ASE aids in our ability to identify and understand cis-regulatory mechanisms that influence gene expression, and thereby assist in identifying causal mutations. This study examines ASE in breast muscle, abdominal fat, and liver of commercial broiler chickens using variants called from a large sub-set of the samples (n = 68). ASE analysis was performed using a custom software called VCF ASE Detection Tool (VADT), which detects ASE of biallelic SNPs using a binomial test. On average ~ 174,000 SNPs in each tissue passed our filtering criteria and were considered informative, of which ~ 24,000 (~ 14%) showed ASE. Of all ASE SNPs, only 3.7% exhibited ASE in all three tissues, with ~ 83% showing ASE specific to a single tissue. When ASE genes (genes containing ASE SNPs) were compared between tissues, the overlap among all three tissues increased to 20.1%. Our results indicate that ASE genes show tissue-specific enrichment patterns, but all three tissues showed enrichment for pathways involved in translation.

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Evaluation of commercially available aroA delated gene E. coli O78 vaccine in commercial broiler chickens under Middle East simulating field conditions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81523-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hussein M. Galal ◽

M. I. Abdrabou ◽

Ahmed H. I. Faraag ◽

C. K. Mah ◽

Azza M. Tawfek

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

E Coli ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Antibiotics Use ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

And Performance

AbstractThe broiler industry in the Middle East (ME) faces many challenges related to bacterial infections, including M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, E. coli, and other gram-negative bacteria, exacerbated by various errors in the brooding process. Antibiotics use in the first three days of life, such as Linco-Spectin 100 SP, tilmicosin, enrofloxacin, tylosin, colistin, and doxycycline, is the trend in the market to control such challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the newly introduced aroA E. coli vaccine (Poulvac E. coli) and its ability to reduce over-reliance on the heavy use of antibiotics in the ME. The study was conducted on 160 broiler chicks, divided into eight even groups. Each group was treated differently in terms of antibiotic therapy and ages at the time of Poulvac E. coli administration and the challenge of virulent avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), serotype O78. Spray application of Poulvac E. coli at seven days of age plus Linco-Spectin 100 SP during the first three days provided the best results for zero mortality after challenge with APEC, while Poulvac E. coli at seven days with enrofloxacin during the early three days resulted in 10% mortality. Poulvac E. coli hatchery vaccination protected birds against mortality but reduced body weight gain compared to the 7-day group vaccinated with Linco-Spectin 100 SP during the first three days. Poulvac E. coli given on day one or day seven did not affect the immune response to concurrent respiratory viral vaccines and, in some cases, improved response. This study shows that Poulvac E. coli at seven days of age, together with Linco-Spectin 100 during the first three days, has produced the best results in terms of protection and performance in the ME high presence of avian pathogenic E. coli field challenge.

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Genetic basis and identification of candidate genes for wooden breast and white striping in commercial broiler chickens

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86176-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juniper A. Lake ◽

Jack C. M. Dekkers ◽

Behnam Abasht

Keyword(s):

Candidate Genes ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Specific Protein ◽

Chromosome 11 ◽

A Genome ◽

White Striping ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Wooden Breast

AbstractWooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) are highly prevalent and economically damaging muscle disorders of modern commercial broiler chickens characterized respectively by palpable firmness and fatty white striations running parallel to the muscle fiber. High feed efficiency and rapid growth, especially of the breast muscle, are believed to contribute to development of such muscle defects; however, their etiology remains poorly understood. To gain insight into the genetic basis of these myopathies, a genome-wide association study was conducted using a commercial crossbred broiler population (n = 1193). Heritability was estimated at 0.5 for WB and WS with high genetic correlation between them (0.88). GWAS revealed 28 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on five chromosomes for WB and 6 QTL on one chromosome for WS, with the majority of QTL for both myopathies located in a ~ 8 Mb region of chromosome 5. This region has highly conserved synteny with a portion of human chromosome 11 containing a cluster of imprinted genes associated with growth and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Candidate genes include potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1), involved in insulin secretion and cardiac electrical activity, lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1), involved in inflammation and immune response.

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Nephrocalcinosis, Renal Dysfunction, and Calculi in Patients With Primary Hypoparathyroidism on Long-Term Conventional Therapy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgz319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. e1215-e1224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Soma Saha ◽

Devasenathipathy Kandasamy ◽

Raju Sharma ◽

Chandrasekhar Bal ◽

Vishnubhatla Sreenivas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Dysfunction ◽

Conventional Therapy ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Fractional Excretion ◽

Renal Calculi ◽

Serum Total Calcium ◽

Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract Context There are concerns about the long-term safety of conventional therapy on renal health in patients with hypoparathyroidism. Careful audit of these would help comparisons with upcoming parathyroid hormone therapy. Objective We investigated nephrocalcinosis, renal dysfunction, and calculi, their predictors and progression over long-term follow-up in patients with primary hypoparathyroidism (PH). Design and Setting An observational study at a tertiary care center was conducted. Participants and Methods A total of 165 PH patients receiving conventional therapy were evaluated by radiographs, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. Their glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by Tc-99m-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid clearance. Clinical characteristics, serum total calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, hypercalciuria, and fractional excretion of phosphorus (FEPh) at presentation and during follow-up were analyzed as possible predictors of renal complications. Controls were 165 apparently healthy individuals. Results Nephrocalcinosis was present in 6.7% of PH patients but not in controls. Patients younger than 15 years at presentation and with higher serum calcium-phosphorus product were at higher risk. Nephrocalcinosis showed no significant association with cataract and intracranial calcification. Prevalence of renal calculi was comparable between hypoparathyroid patients and controls (5% vs 3.6%, P = .58). Fourteen percent of patients had a GFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Increased FEPh during follow-up was the significant predictor of low GFR. Nephrocalcinosis developed in 9% of patients over 10 years of conventional therapy. Conclusion A total of 6.7% of PH patients had nephrocalcinosis, and 14% showed renal dysfunction. Prevalence of renal calculi was similar in patients and controls. Nine percent of patients developed nephrocalcinosis over 10 years of conventional therapy.

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